【目的】探索超级杂交稻对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收利用规律。【方法】于2004年和2005年,选用超级杂交稻品种准两优527和两优293为供试材料,在湖南省5个不同水稻种植生态区进行田间小区试验,研究在农民实际平均施肥量及分别减少和增加25%...【目的】探索超级杂交稻对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收利用规律。【方法】于2004年和2005年,选用超级杂交稻品种准两优527和两优293为供试材料,在湖南省5个不同水稻种植生态区进行田间小区试验,研究在农民实际平均施肥量及分别减少和增加25%施肥量条件下,超级杂交稻抽穗期和成熟期植株体内的氮、磷、钾养分含量和吸收积累规律。【结果】无论在抽穗期,还是成熟期,不同施肥水平条件下水稻植株体内氮、磷、钾养分的含量均无显著差异,其在不同地点间的变化幅度低于相应的水稻产量和养分吸收量;养分吸收量差异主要由单位面积干物质生产量不同所引起。在不同施肥水平下,随着产量升高,氮、磷、钾收获指数呈上升趋势,但生产单位稻谷所需养分量呈下降趋势。在产量最高的桂东点,其植株体内氮、磷、钾养分含量和积累量均处于中等水平。【结论】采用多次施肥,不同施肥水平(135～225 kg N·ha-1、29.7～49.5 kg P·ha-1、112.1～186.8 kg K·ha-1)对超级杂交稻株体内的氮、磷、钾养分吸收积累影响不明显;随着产量的提高,超级杂交稻对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收利用率也可提高,从而实现高产与养分高效利用的协调统一。展开更多
Chinese super hybrid rice breeding project has developed many new varieties with great yield potential. It is controversial which yield component should be emphasized in super hybrid rice production. The present study...Chinese super hybrid rice breeding project has developed many new varieties with great yield potential. It is controversial which yield component should be emphasized in super hybrid rice production. The present study was conducted to compare super hybrid rice with common hybrid and super inbred rice and analyze contributions of yield components to grain yield of super hybrid rice under experimental conditions, and evaluate relationships between grain yield and yield components of super hybrid rice in farmer’s paddy fields. Field experiments were done in Changsha, Guidong, and Nanxian, Hunan Province, China, from 2007 to 2009. Eight super hybrid varieties, one common hybrid variety, and one super inbred variety were grown in each location and year. Rice production investigation was undertaken in high-yielding （Guidong）, moderate-yielding （Nanxian）, and low-yielding （Ningxiang） regions of Hunan Province, China, in 2009. Grain yield and yield components were measured in both the field experiments and rice production investigation. Super hybrid rice varieties outyielded common hybrid and super inbred varieties across three locations and years. Yield potential has been increased by 11.4% in super hybrid rice varieties compared with common and super inbred varieties. The higher yield of super hybrid varieties was attributed to improvement in panicle size. Panicles per m2 had the highest positive contribution to grain yield with the exception under yield level of 10.0 to 12.0 t ha-1, and was positively related to grain yield in farmer’s field at all of the high-, moderate-, and low-yielding regions. Our study suggests that panicle per m2 ought to be emphasized in super hybrid rice production.展开更多
Hybrid rice has contributed greatly to the self-sufficiency of food supply In China. To meet the future demand for rice production, a national program on super rice breeding was established In China In 1996. The corre...Hybrid rice has contributed greatly to the self-sufficiency of food supply In China. To meet the future demand for rice production, a national program on super rice breeding was established In China In 1996. The corresponding targets, breeding strategies and most significant advances are reviewed In this paper. New plant type models have been modified to adjust to various rice growing regions. In recognition of the Importance of applying parents with Intermediate subspecies differentiation In Increasing F1 yield, medium type parental lines were selected from populations derived from Inter-subspecies crosses with the assistance of DNA markers for subspecies differentiation. Results also indicate that a substantial increase of blomass Is the basis for further enhancement of the grain yield potential, and amelioration of leaf characteristics Is helpful In Increasing the photosynthetic rate. Thirty-four super hybrid rice varieties have been released commercially, growing In a total area of 13.5 million hm2 and producing 6.7 thousand million kg more rice In 1998-2005. Although remarkable progress has been made In super hybrid rice breeding In China, selections on the root system and Integration of more blotechnologlcal tools remain a great challenge.展开更多
文摘【目的】探索超级杂交稻对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收利用规律。【方法】于2004年和2005年,选用超级杂交稻品种准两优527和两优293为供试材料,在湖南省5个不同水稻种植生态区进行田间小区试验,研究在农民实际平均施肥量及分别减少和增加25%施肥量条件下,超级杂交稻抽穗期和成熟期植株体内的氮、磷、钾养分含量和吸收积累规律。【结果】无论在抽穗期,还是成熟期,不同施肥水平条件下水稻植株体内氮、磷、钾养分的含量均无显著差异,其在不同地点间的变化幅度低于相应的水稻产量和养分吸收量;养分吸收量差异主要由单位面积干物质生产量不同所引起。在不同施肥水平下,随着产量升高,氮、磷、钾收获指数呈上升趋势,但生产单位稻谷所需养分量呈下降趋势。在产量最高的桂东点,其植株体内氮、磷、钾养分含量和积累量均处于中等水平。【结论】采用多次施肥,不同施肥水平(135～225 kg N·ha-1、29.7～49.5 kg P·ha-1、112.1～186.8 kg K·ha-1)对超级杂交稻株体内的氮、磷、钾养分吸收积累影响不明显;随着产量的提高,超级杂交稻对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收利用率也可提高,从而实现高产与养分高效利用的协调统一。
基金support was provided by the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology of Chinathe Super Rice Project of Ministry of Agriculture of China
文摘Chinese super hybrid rice breeding project has developed many new varieties with great yield potential. It is controversial which yield component should be emphasized in super hybrid rice production. The present study was conducted to compare super hybrid rice with common hybrid and super inbred rice and analyze contributions of yield components to grain yield of super hybrid rice under experimental conditions, and evaluate relationships between grain yield and yield components of super hybrid rice in farmer’s paddy fields. Field experiments were done in Changsha, Guidong, and Nanxian, Hunan Province, China, from 2007 to 2009. Eight super hybrid varieties, one common hybrid variety, and one super inbred variety were grown in each location and year. Rice production investigation was undertaken in high-yielding （Guidong）, moderate-yielding （Nanxian）, and low-yielding （Ningxiang） regions of Hunan Province, China, in 2009. Grain yield and yield components were measured in both the field experiments and rice production investigation. Super hybrid rice varieties outyielded common hybrid and super inbred varieties across three locations and years. Yield potential has been increased by 11.4% in super hybrid rice varieties compared with common and super inbred varieties. The higher yield of super hybrid varieties was attributed to improvement in panicle size. Panicles per m2 had the highest positive contribution to grain yield with the exception under yield level of 10.0 to 12.0 t ha-1, and was positively related to grain yield in farmer’s field at all of the high-, moderate-, and low-yielding regions. Our study suggests that panicle per m2 ought to be emphasized in super hybrid rice production.
基金Supported by the National Program on Super Rice Breeding, the Ministry of Agriculture, National High-Tech and Development Program of China （863）, the Ministry of Science and Technology and Provincial Program （8812）, Zhejiang Province, China. Publication of this paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30624808）.
文摘Hybrid rice has contributed greatly to the self-sufficiency of food supply In China. To meet the future demand for rice production, a national program on super rice breeding was established In China In 1996. The corresponding targets, breeding strategies and most significant advances are reviewed In this paper. New plant type models have been modified to adjust to various rice growing regions. In recognition of the Importance of applying parents with Intermediate subspecies differentiation In Increasing F1 yield, medium type parental lines were selected from populations derived from Inter-subspecies crosses with the assistance of DNA markers for subspecies differentiation. Results also indicate that a substantial increase of blomass Is the basis for further enhancement of the grain yield potential, and amelioration of leaf characteristics Is helpful In Increasing the photosynthetic rate. Thirty-four super hybrid rice varieties have been released commercially, growing In a total area of 13.5 million hm2 and producing 6.7 thousand million kg more rice In 1998-2005. Although remarkable progress has been made In super hybrid rice breeding In China, selections on the root system and Integration of more blotechnologlcal tools remain a great challenge.
