The Cr-plated coating inside a gun barrel can effectively improve the barrel’s erosion resistance and thus increase the service life.However,due to the cyclic thermal load caused by high-temperature gunpowder,micro-e...The Cr-plated coating inside a gun barrel can effectively improve the barrel’s erosion resistance and thus increase the service life.However,due to the cyclic thermal load caused by high-temperature gunpowder,micro-element damage tends to occur within the Cr coating/steel substrate interface,leading to a gradual deterioration in macro-mechanical properties for the material in the related region.In order to mimic this cyclic thermal load and,thereby,study the thermal erosion behavior of the Cr coating on the barrel’s inner wall,a laser emitter is utilized in the current study.With the help of in-situ tensile test and finite element simulation results,a shear stress distribution law of the Cr coating/steel substrate and a change law of the interface ultimate shear strength are identified.Studies have shown that the Cr coating/steel substrate interface’s ultimate shear strength has a significant weakening effect due to increasing temperature.In this study,the interfacial ultimate shear strength decreases from 2.57 GPa(no erosion)to 1.02 GPa(laser power is 160 W).The data from this experiment is employed to establish a Cr coating/steel substrate interface shear damage model.And this model is used to predict the flaking process of Cr coating by finite element method.The simulation results show that the increase of coating crack spacing and coating thickness will increase the service life of gun barrel.展开更多
Tebuconazole exposure has been described as an increasing hazard to human health.An increasing number of recent studies have shown a positive association between tebuconazole exposure and cardiovascular disease risk,w...Tebuconazole exposure has been described as an increasing hazard to human health.An increasing number of recent studies have shown a positive association between tebuconazole exposure and cardiovascular disease risk,which is characterized by the reduction of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)synthesis.However,researches on the damage of tebuconazole exposure to energy metabolism and the related molecular mechanisms are limited.In the present study,male C57BL/6 mice were treated with tebuconazole at different low concentrations for 4 weeks.The results indicated that tebuconazole could accumulate in the heart and further induce the decrease of ATP content in the mouse heart.Importantly,tebuconazole induced an obvious shift in substrate utilization of fatty acid and glucose by disrupting their corresponding transporters(GLUT1,GLUT4,CD36,FABP3 and FATP1)expression,and significantly repressed the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis(Gabpa and Tfam)and oxidative phosphorylation(CS,Ndufa4,Sdhb,Cox5a and Atp5b)related genes in a dosedependent manner.Further investigation revealed that these alterations were related to the IRS1/AKT and PPARγ/RXRαpathways.These findings contribute to a better understanding of triazole fungicide-induced cardiovascular disease by revealing the key indicators associated with this phenomenon.展开更多
针对超精密加工后单晶金刚石衬底表面损伤层具有超薄(试验仅几个纳米)且透明的特点,提出一种基于光谱椭偏的测量和表征方法,实现衬底损伤层厚度和折射率的无损测量和表征。首先,建立“粗糙层+纯基底”两层光学模型,利用离散型穆勒矩阵...针对超精密加工后单晶金刚石衬底表面损伤层具有超薄(试验仅几个纳米)且透明的特点,提出一种基于光谱椭偏的测量和表征方法,实现衬底损伤层厚度和折射率的无损测量和表征。首先,建立“粗糙层+纯基底”两层光学模型,利用离散型穆勒矩阵椭偏测量模式测量加工前籽晶衬底,分析测量数据获得其光学常数,作为后续加工损伤层椭偏数值反演的基础,以避免损伤层与衬底间椭偏参数耦合;然后,根据衬底加工后的特征,建立“粗糙层+损伤层+纯基底”三层光学模型,采用多点拟合分析策略,在此基础上,实现粗磨和精磨两个典型加工阶段金刚石衬底损伤层的无损表征,并进一步探究单面磨削和双面磨削损伤层差异。结果表明,籽晶折射率与金刚石折射率理论值接近,且随波长的变化趋势一致,说明测量模式和拟合策略可行;粗磨后衬底损伤层的厚度和折射率均高于精磨后衬底损伤层的厚度和折射率;双面磨削与单面磨削损伤层的折射率在红外波段基本一致,在紫外-可见波段具有差异。损伤层厚度椭偏测量结果与透射电子显微镜(Transmission electron microscope,TEM)测量结果进行比对分析,验证椭偏测量方法的准确性。所提方法可无损测量单晶金刚石衬底超薄损伤层厚度和折射率,表征超精密加工后衬底表面质量,有助于金刚石衬底超精密加工过程的工艺优化。展开更多
文摘The Cr-plated coating inside a gun barrel can effectively improve the barrel’s erosion resistance and thus increase the service life.However,due to the cyclic thermal load caused by high-temperature gunpowder,micro-element damage tends to occur within the Cr coating/steel substrate interface,leading to a gradual deterioration in macro-mechanical properties for the material in the related region.In order to mimic this cyclic thermal load and,thereby,study the thermal erosion behavior of the Cr coating on the barrel’s inner wall,a laser emitter is utilized in the current study.With the help of in-situ tensile test and finite element simulation results,a shear stress distribution law of the Cr coating/steel substrate and a change law of the interface ultimate shear strength are identified.Studies have shown that the Cr coating/steel substrate interface’s ultimate shear strength has a significant weakening effect due to increasing temperature.In this study,the interfacial ultimate shear strength decreases from 2.57 GPa(no erosion)to 1.02 GPa(laser power is 160 W).The data from this experiment is employed to establish a Cr coating/steel substrate interface shear damage model.And this model is used to predict the flaking process of Cr coating by finite element method.The simulation results show that the increase of coating crack spacing and coating thickness will increase the service life of gun barrel.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Nos.21806094,22036005,22176119,22076108 and 21906098)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (No.201901D211123)。
文摘Tebuconazole exposure has been described as an increasing hazard to human health.An increasing number of recent studies have shown a positive association between tebuconazole exposure and cardiovascular disease risk,which is characterized by the reduction of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)synthesis.However,researches on the damage of tebuconazole exposure to energy metabolism and the related molecular mechanisms are limited.In the present study,male C57BL/6 mice were treated with tebuconazole at different low concentrations for 4 weeks.The results indicated that tebuconazole could accumulate in the heart and further induce the decrease of ATP content in the mouse heart.Importantly,tebuconazole induced an obvious shift in substrate utilization of fatty acid and glucose by disrupting their corresponding transporters(GLUT1,GLUT4,CD36,FABP3 and FATP1)expression,and significantly repressed the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis(Gabpa and Tfam)and oxidative phosphorylation(CS,Ndufa4,Sdhb,Cox5a and Atp5b)related genes in a dosedependent manner.Further investigation revealed that these alterations were related to the IRS1/AKT and PPARγ/RXRαpathways.These findings contribute to a better understanding of triazole fungicide-induced cardiovascular disease by revealing the key indicators associated with this phenomenon.
文摘针对超精密加工后单晶金刚石衬底表面损伤层具有超薄(试验仅几个纳米)且透明的特点,提出一种基于光谱椭偏的测量和表征方法,实现衬底损伤层厚度和折射率的无损测量和表征。首先,建立“粗糙层+纯基底”两层光学模型,利用离散型穆勒矩阵椭偏测量模式测量加工前籽晶衬底,分析测量数据获得其光学常数,作为后续加工损伤层椭偏数值反演的基础,以避免损伤层与衬底间椭偏参数耦合;然后,根据衬底加工后的特征,建立“粗糙层+损伤层+纯基底”三层光学模型,采用多点拟合分析策略,在此基础上,实现粗磨和精磨两个典型加工阶段金刚石衬底损伤层的无损表征,并进一步探究单面磨削和双面磨削损伤层差异。结果表明,籽晶折射率与金刚石折射率理论值接近,且随波长的变化趋势一致,说明测量模式和拟合策略可行;粗磨后衬底损伤层的厚度和折射率均高于精磨后衬底损伤层的厚度和折射率;双面磨削与单面磨削损伤层的折射率在红外波段基本一致,在紫外-可见波段具有差异。损伤层厚度椭偏测量结果与透射电子显微镜(Transmission electron microscope,TEM)测量结果进行比对分析,验证椭偏测量方法的准确性。所提方法可无损测量单晶金刚石衬底超薄损伤层厚度和折射率,表征超精密加工后衬底表面质量,有助于金刚石衬底超精密加工过程的工艺优化。
