Planets are interconnected via magnetic field lines, which allow flux transfer events. In this paper, a thought experiment is performed whereby the Sun and planets are visualized as a violin with magnetic field lines ...Planets are interconnected via magnetic field lines, which allow flux transfer events. In this paper, a thought experiment is performed whereby the Sun and planets are visualized as a violin with magnetic field lines analogous to strings of the violin. Frequency calculations for vibrating strings between the Earth and Sun compare favorably with measured satellite data for flux transfer events. Ideal Schumann Resonance was calculated using speed of light, diameter of the Earth and Earth’s gravity for tension. The force of attraction and repulsion of magnets is analogous to tension and compression resulting from tremendously low frequency (TLF) electromechanical waves. Gravity waves are thus theorized as mechanical waves brought about by the tension of electron strings, which also act dually as electromagnetic waves. Future harmonic analysis of flux transfer wave forms for each planet would add credence to the string theory as the theory of everything.展开更多
How many dimensions are there in the universe? Currently, there is confusion about the number of dimensions in the universe. Empirical relations about the number of dimensions in theoretical physics with the concept o...How many dimensions are there in the universe? Currently, there is confusion about the number of dimensions in the universe. Empirical relations about the number of dimensions in theoretical physics with the concept of common space- time 4 dimensions and unshared dimensions are described in this report.展开更多
AdS/CFT correspondence is adopted and fermion masses are modeled as analogues of Weyl curvature states, which occur by hypothesis when closed spin-2 strings sweep out closed world tubes. Admissible curvature states ar...AdS/CFT correspondence is adopted and fermion masses are modeled as analogues of Weyl curvature states, which occur by hypothesis when closed spin-2 strings sweep out closed world tubes. Admissible curvature states are established by gauge invariance and fundamental mass is attributed to admissible curvature. A consequent spectrum of masses forms an SU(3) symmetry that is invariant under appropriate realizations of the SUGRA GUT interaction. Finally the spin-h/2 nature of the masses that are attributed to curvature emerges as a necessary condition for the relevant SUGRA GUT realizations. Calibration of the proposed model reveals a spectrum of fermion masses that corresponds approximately to observation. Moreover, the proposed model predicts a new quark that is characterized by I3 = -1/2 and by a mass of about 30 GeV/c2.展开更多
A new aspect of unification is presented in this paper. This aspect depends on two postulates of our recent theory concerning light propagation in a specific medium. The special theory of relativity is demonstrated as...A new aspect of unification is presented in this paper. This aspect depends on two postulates of our recent theory concerning light propagation in a specific medium. The special theory of relativity is demonstrated as a reflection of our first postulate, regarding the existence of multiple, equivalent rest frames in our medium. The second postulate is concerned with energy forms in nature, and it deals with the quantum behavior of light and wave behavior of matter. By using this postulate, we are able to justify the existence of these two phenomena. As a consequence of this, gravity as described by general relativity is unified as a background-independent interaction under the same postulate.展开更多
Gravity is not a fundamental force;in a nut-shell, it is the result of a non-commutative interaction of the “electric” (<i>i.e.</i> Coulomb type) due to fractional charges of the proton and neutron in &l...Gravity is not a fundamental force;in a nut-shell, it is the result of a non-commutative interaction of the “electric” (<i>i.e.</i> Coulomb type) due to fractional charges of the proton and neutron in <i>U</i>(2)-gauge theory, but which have no structure in <i>U</i>(1)-gauge theory, being neutral in itself (neutron), or when compensated by the electronic cloud (proton). This is no longer true at the <i>SU</i>(2) Electroweak Theory level, once spherical 3D-symmetry is broken to a finite Platonic group of symmetry within it Γ → <i>SU</i>(2). The fine splitting of energy levels due to the quark structure (frame basis in <i>SU</i>(2)) of the electric charge can be experimentally controlled using a MASER to invert the population and orient the nuclei the right way to reduce and turn off Gravity.展开更多
Fermion mass is modeled as an analogue of Weyl curvature, which by hypothesis emerges when closed, spin-2 strings sweep out closed world tubes. Second order curvature classes result when closed world tubes circulate a...Fermion mass is modeled as an analogue of Weyl curvature, which by hypothesis emerges when closed, spin-2 strings sweep out closed world tubes. Second order curvature classes result when closed world tubes circulate and themselves sweep out closed tubes etc. Gauge invariance distinguishes admissible curvature classes from the larger set that would constitute an infinite continuum of possibilities. Admissible curvature classes account for known quark masses and predict a new quark of mass 30 GeV/c2. Super-symmetric interactions among prescribed fermions and super-partners conserve electrical charge, I3, color and generation and are therefore regarded by hypothesis as preserving a minimal irreducible representation of a super-symmetric SU(5).展开更多
In this paper, we analyze the enthalpy, enthalpy energy density, thermodynamic volume, and the equation of state of a modified white hole. We obtain new possible mathematical connections with some sectors of Number Th...In this paper, we analyze the enthalpy, enthalpy energy density, thermodynamic volume, and the equation of state of a modified white hole. We obtain new possible mathematical connections with some sectors of Number Theory, Ramanujan Recurring Numbers, DN Constant and String Theory, that enable us to extract the quantum geometrical properties of these thermodynamic equations and the implication to the quantum vacuum spacetime geometry of our early universe as they act as the constraints to the nature of quantum gravity of the universe.展开更多
We derive the solution for a spherically symmetric string cloud configuration in a ＆dimensional spacetime in the framework of f（R） theories of gravity. We also analyze some thermodynamic properties of the joint bla...We derive the solution for a spherically symmetric string cloud configuration in a ＆dimensional spacetime in the framework of f（R） theories of gravity. We also analyze some thermodynamic properties of the joint black hole - cloud of strings solution. For its Hawking temperature, we found that the dependence of the mass with the horizon is significantly different in both theories. For the interaction of a black hole with thermal radiation, we found that the shapes of the curves are similar, but shifted. Our analysis generalizes some known results in the literature.展开更多
In this paper, a very simple novel model is presented concerning the unified field theory (“theory of everything”). In the scope of this novel theory, it is assumed that matter, space and time are quantized. It is a...In this paper, a very simple novel model is presented concerning the unified field theory (“theory of everything”). In the scope of this novel theory, it is assumed that matter, space and time are quantized. It is assumed that the space is subdivided into cubic elementary cells (space quanta), and in each of its eight corners a Delta potential is positioned. That means the Delta potentials are equidistantly arranged, so that the Delta potentials are forming a lattice similar to a crystal lattice in solid state physics. The novel theory is analogue to the Kronig-Penney model well-known in solid state physics: a crystal lattice comprises Delta potentials arranged equidistantly to one another, so the lattice space can be considered as being quantized by an array of equally spaced Delta potentials or the lattice space is divided into cubic elementary cells (space quanta). But instead of electrons, material quanta are inserted into the cubic elementary cells or space quanta. So the material quanta are not freely vibrating (unbound state), but are vibrating in a bound state with discrete energy levels separated by an energy gap. This is due to the presence of the array of Delta potentials. In the frame of this novel theory the Schr?dinger Equation for the Kronig-Penney-Model is not solved by differentiation, but the Schr?dinger Equation is integrated yielding the formula , by whose discussion the existence of an energy gap is revealed. This energy gap is responsible if the material quantum occurs as light quantum (photon) or mass quantum.展开更多
文摘Planets are interconnected via magnetic field lines, which allow flux transfer events. In this paper, a thought experiment is performed whereby the Sun and planets are visualized as a violin with magnetic field lines analogous to strings of the violin. Frequency calculations for vibrating strings between the Earth and Sun compare favorably with measured satellite data for flux transfer events. Ideal Schumann Resonance was calculated using speed of light, diameter of the Earth and Earth’s gravity for tension. The force of attraction and repulsion of magnets is analogous to tension and compression resulting from tremendously low frequency (TLF) electromechanical waves. Gravity waves are thus theorized as mechanical waves brought about by the tension of electron strings, which also act dually as electromagnetic waves. Future harmonic analysis of flux transfer wave forms for each planet would add credence to the string theory as the theory of everything.
文摘How many dimensions are there in the universe? Currently, there is confusion about the number of dimensions in the universe. Empirical relations about the number of dimensions in theoretical physics with the concept of common space- time 4 dimensions and unshared dimensions are described in this report.
文摘AdS/CFT correspondence is adopted and fermion masses are modeled as analogues of Weyl curvature states, which occur by hypothesis when closed spin-2 strings sweep out closed world tubes. Admissible curvature states are established by gauge invariance and fundamental mass is attributed to admissible curvature. A consequent spectrum of masses forms an SU(3) symmetry that is invariant under appropriate realizations of the SUGRA GUT interaction. Finally the spin-h/2 nature of the masses that are attributed to curvature emerges as a necessary condition for the relevant SUGRA GUT realizations. Calibration of the proposed model reveals a spectrum of fermion masses that corresponds approximately to observation. Moreover, the proposed model predicts a new quark that is characterized by I3 = -1/2 and by a mass of about 30 GeV/c2.
文摘A new aspect of unification is presented in this paper. This aspect depends on two postulates of our recent theory concerning light propagation in a specific medium. The special theory of relativity is demonstrated as a reflection of our first postulate, regarding the existence of multiple, equivalent rest frames in our medium. The second postulate is concerned with energy forms in nature, and it deals with the quantum behavior of light and wave behavior of matter. By using this postulate, we are able to justify the existence of these two phenomena. As a consequence of this, gravity as described by general relativity is unified as a background-independent interaction under the same postulate.
文摘Gravity is not a fundamental force;in a nut-shell, it is the result of a non-commutative interaction of the “electric” (<i>i.e.</i> Coulomb type) due to fractional charges of the proton and neutron in <i>U</i>(2)-gauge theory, but which have no structure in <i>U</i>(1)-gauge theory, being neutral in itself (neutron), or when compensated by the electronic cloud (proton). This is no longer true at the <i>SU</i>(2) Electroweak Theory level, once spherical 3D-symmetry is broken to a finite Platonic group of symmetry within it Γ → <i>SU</i>(2). The fine splitting of energy levels due to the quark structure (frame basis in <i>SU</i>(2)) of the electric charge can be experimentally controlled using a MASER to invert the population and orient the nuclei the right way to reduce and turn off Gravity.
文摘Fermion mass is modeled as an analogue of Weyl curvature, which by hypothesis emerges when closed, spin-2 strings sweep out closed world tubes. Second order curvature classes result when closed world tubes circulate and themselves sweep out closed tubes etc. Gauge invariance distinguishes admissible curvature classes from the larger set that would constitute an infinite continuum of possibilities. Admissible curvature classes account for known quark masses and predict a new quark of mass 30 GeV/c2. Super-symmetric interactions among prescribed fermions and super-partners conserve electrical charge, I3, color and generation and are therefore regarded by hypothesis as preserving a minimal irreducible representation of a super-symmetric SU(5).
文摘In this paper, we analyze the enthalpy, enthalpy energy density, thermodynamic volume, and the equation of state of a modified white hole. We obtain new possible mathematical connections with some sectors of Number Theory, Ramanujan Recurring Numbers, DN Constant and String Theory, that enable us to extract the quantum geometrical properties of these thermodynamic equations and the implication to the quantum vacuum spacetime geometry of our early universe as they act as the constraints to the nature of quantum gravity of the universe.
基金Supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico(CNPq-Brazil)(150384/2017-3)Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES)for Financial Support
文摘We derive the solution for a spherically symmetric string cloud configuration in a ＆dimensional spacetime in the framework of f（R） theories of gravity. We also analyze some thermodynamic properties of the joint black hole - cloud of strings solution. For its Hawking temperature, we found that the dependence of the mass with the horizon is significantly different in both theories. For the interaction of a black hole with thermal radiation, we found that the shapes of the curves are similar, but shifted. Our analysis generalizes some known results in the literature.
文摘In this paper, a very simple novel model is presented concerning the unified field theory (“theory of everything”). In the scope of this novel theory, it is assumed that matter, space and time are quantized. It is assumed that the space is subdivided into cubic elementary cells (space quanta), and in each of its eight corners a Delta potential is positioned. That means the Delta potentials are equidistantly arranged, so that the Delta potentials are forming a lattice similar to a crystal lattice in solid state physics. The novel theory is analogue to the Kronig-Penney model well-known in solid state physics: a crystal lattice comprises Delta potentials arranged equidistantly to one another, so the lattice space can be considered as being quantized by an array of equally spaced Delta potentials or the lattice space is divided into cubic elementary cells (space quanta). But instead of electrons, material quanta are inserted into the cubic elementary cells or space quanta. So the material quanta are not freely vibrating (unbound state), but are vibrating in a bound state with discrete energy levels separated by an energy gap. This is due to the presence of the array of Delta potentials. In the frame of this novel theory the Schr?dinger Equation for the Kronig-Penney-Model is not solved by differentiation, but the Schr?dinger Equation is integrated yielding the formula , by whose discussion the existence of an energy gap is revealed. This energy gap is responsible if the material quantum occurs as light quantum (photon) or mass quantum.
