Straw return in situ,a common agronomic measure in China,has been widely used not only to increase crop yields and improve soil nutrients but also to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)from agricultural soil...Straw return in situ,a common agronomic measure in China,has been widely used not only to increase crop yields and improve soil nutrients but also to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)from agricultural soils.Nevertheless,the safety risks of food crops(i.e.,human health risk of wheat grains)grown in PAHs-contaminated agricultural soils amended with crop straw remain uncertain.A pot experiment was conducted in a PAHs-contaminated agricultural soil cultivated with winter wheat under different ratios of corn straw addition(0%(control,CK),1%,2.5%,and 5%,weight/weight).Results showed that corn straw addition significantly(P<0.05)decreased PAH concentrations in rhizosphere soil,roots,straws,and grains by 48.32%–50.01%,11.85%–42.67%,9.78%–28.03%,and 14.16%–31.67%,respectively,compared with CK,whereas the transfer factors of PAHs from roots to straws were significantly(P<0.05)increased.A correlation heatmap showed that PAH concentrations in roots,straws,and grains were positively(P<0.01)correlated with those in rhizosphere soil.These indicated that corn straw decreased PAH accumulation in winter wheat due to the increase of PAH dissipation in the rhizosphere soil,although it enhanced PAH transfer in winter wheat.The incremental lifetime cancer risk(ILCR)model indicated that corn straw significantly(P<0.05)decreased the human health risk of winter wheat grains by 29.73%–45.05%.Overall,corn straw apparently reduced PAH accumulation in winter wheat,ecological risk,and human health risk via enhancing PAH dissipation in the rhizosphere soil.These findings provide an important scientific basis and theoretical guidance for agricultural safety production.展开更多
Flower and fruit development are two key steps for plant reproduction.The ABCE model for flower development has been well established in model plant species;however,the functions of ABCE genes in fruit crops are less ...Flower and fruit development are two key steps for plant reproduction.The ABCE model for flower development has been well established in model plant species;however,the functions of ABCE genes in fruit crops are less understood.In this work,we identi fied an EMS mutant named R27 in woodland strawberry(Fragaria vesca),showing the conversion of petals,stamens,and carpels to sepaloid organs in a semidominant inheritance fashion.Mapping by sequencing revealed that the class E gene homolog FveSEP3(FvH4_4g23530)possessed the causative mutation in R27 due to a G to E amino acid change in the conserved MADS domain.Additional fvesep3^(CR) mutants generated by CRISPR/Cas9 displayed similar phenotypes to fvesep3-R27.Overexpressing wild-type or mutated FveSEP3 in Arabidopsis suggested that the mutation in R27 might cause a dominant-negative effect.Further analyses indicated that FveSEP3 physically interacted with each of the ABCE proteins in strawberry.Moreover,both R27 and fvesep3^(CR) mutants exhibited parthenocarpic fruit growth and delayed fruit ripening.Transcriptome analysis revealed that both common and specific differentially expressed genes were identi fied in young fruit at 6-7 days post anthesis(DPA)of fvesep3 and pollinated wild type when compared to unpollinated wild type,especially those in the auxin pathway,a key hormone regulating fruit set in strawberry.Together,we provided compelling evidence that FveSEP3 plays predominant E functions compared to other E gene homologs in flower development and that FveSEP3 represses fruit growth in the absence of pollination and promotes fruit ripening in strawberry.展开更多
Rosaceae is a large plant family consisting of many economically important fruit crops including peach,apple,pear,strawberry,raspberry,plum,and others.Investigations into their growth and development will promote both...Rosaceae is a large plant family consisting of many economically important fruit crops including peach,apple,pear,strawberry,raspberry,plum,and others.Investigations into their growth and development will promote both basic understanding and progress toward increasing fruit yield and quality.With the ever-increasing high-throughput sequencing data of Rosaceae,comparative studies are hindered by inconsistency of sample collection with regard to tissue,stage,growth conditions,and by vastly different handling of the data.Therefore,databases that enable easy access and effective utilization of directly comparable transcript data are highly desirable.Here,we describe a database for comparative analysis,ROsaceae Fruit Transcriptome database(ROFT),based on RNA-seq data generated from the same laboratory using similarly dissected and staged fruit tissues of four important Rosaceae fruit crops:apple,peach,strawberry,and red raspberry.Hence,the database is unique in allowing easy and robust comparisons among fruit gene expression across the four species.ROFT enables researchers to query orthologous genes and their expression patterns during different fruit developmental stages in the four species,identify tissue-specific and tissue-/stage-specific genes,visualize and compare ortholog expression in different fruit types,explore consensus co-expression networks,and download different data types.The database provides users access to vast amounts of RNA-seq data across the four economically important fruits,enables investigations of fruit type specification and evolution,and facilitates the selection of genes with critical roles in fruit development for further studies.展开更多
Flowering time is an important trait that affects survival,reproduction and yield in both wild and cultivated plants.Therefore,many studies have focused on the identification of flowering time quantitative trait locus...Flowering time is an important trait that affects survival,reproduction and yield in both wild and cultivated plants.Therefore,many studies have focused on the identification of flowering time quantitative trait locus(QTLs)in different crops,and molecular control of this trait has been extensively investigated in model species.Here we report the mapping of QTLs for flowering time and vegetative traits in a large woodland strawberry mapping population that was phenotyped both under field conditions and in a greenhouse after flower induction in the field.The greenhouse experiment revealed additive QTLs in three linkage groups(LG),two on both LG4 and LG7,and one on LG6 that explain about half of the flowering time variance in the population.Three of the QTLs were newly identified in this study,and one co-localized with the previously characterized FvTFL1 gene.An additional strong QTL corresponding to previously mapped PFRU was detected in both field and greenhouse experiments indicating that gene(s)in this locus can control the timing of flowering in different environments in addition to the duration of flowering and axillary bud differentiation to runners and branch crowns.Several putative flowering time genes were identified in these QTL regions that await functional validation.Our results indicate that a few major QTLs may control flowering time and axillary bud differentiation in strawberries.We suggest that the identification of causal genes in the diploid strawberry may enable fine tuning of flowering time and vegetative growth in the closely related octoploid cultivated strawberry.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41571456 and 42077325)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi,China(No.2023-JC-ZD-17).
文摘Straw return in situ,a common agronomic measure in China,has been widely used not only to increase crop yields and improve soil nutrients but also to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)from agricultural soils.Nevertheless,the safety risks of food crops(i.e.,human health risk of wheat grains)grown in PAHs-contaminated agricultural soils amended with crop straw remain uncertain.A pot experiment was conducted in a PAHs-contaminated agricultural soil cultivated with winter wheat under different ratios of corn straw addition(0%(control,CK),1%,2.5%,and 5%,weight/weight).Results showed that corn straw addition significantly(P<0.05)decreased PAH concentrations in rhizosphere soil,roots,straws,and grains by 48.32%–50.01%,11.85%–42.67%,9.78%–28.03%,and 14.16%–31.67%,respectively,compared with CK,whereas the transfer factors of PAHs from roots to straws were significantly(P<0.05)increased.A correlation heatmap showed that PAH concentrations in roots,straws,and grains were positively(P<0.01)correlated with those in rhizosphere soil.These indicated that corn straw decreased PAH accumulation in winter wheat due to the increase of PAH dissipation in the rhizosphere soil,although it enhanced PAH transfer in winter wheat.The incremental lifetime cancer risk(ILCR)model indicated that corn straw significantly(P<0.05)decreased the human health risk of winter wheat grains by 29.73%–45.05%.Overall,corn straw apparently reduced PAH accumulation in winter wheat,ecological risk,and human health risk via enhancing PAH dissipation in the rhizosphere soil.These findings provide an important scientific basis and theoretical guidance for agricultural safety production.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31822044 and 31772274)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000102).
文摘Flower and fruit development are two key steps for plant reproduction.The ABCE model for flower development has been well established in model plant species;however,the functions of ABCE genes in fruit crops are less understood.In this work,we identi fied an EMS mutant named R27 in woodland strawberry(Fragaria vesca),showing the conversion of petals,stamens,and carpels to sepaloid organs in a semidominant inheritance fashion.Mapping by sequencing revealed that the class E gene homolog FveSEP3(FvH4_4g23530)possessed the causative mutation in R27 due to a G to E amino acid change in the conserved MADS domain.Additional fvesep3^(CR) mutants generated by CRISPR/Cas9 displayed similar phenotypes to fvesep3-R27.Overexpressing wild-type or mutated FveSEP3 in Arabidopsis suggested that the mutation in R27 might cause a dominant-negative effect.Further analyses indicated that FveSEP3 physically interacted with each of the ABCE proteins in strawberry.Moreover,both R27 and fvesep3^(CR) mutants exhibited parthenocarpic fruit growth and delayed fruit ripening.Transcriptome analysis revealed that both common and specific differentially expressed genes were identi fied in young fruit at 6-7 days post anthesis(DPA)of fvesep3 and pollinated wild type when compared to unpollinated wild type,especially those in the auxin pathway,a key hormone regulating fruit set in strawberry.Together,we provided compelling evidence that FveSEP3 plays predominant E functions compared to other E gene homologs in flower development and that FveSEP3 represses fruit growth in the absence of pollination and promotes fruit ripening in strawberry.
基金We would like to thank Mr.Andrew Tong for help in implementing the hyperlinks of the database and members of the Liu lab for helpful comments on the website.This work has been supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation(NSF)(IOS-1444987)to ZLSMM.ML was supported in part by an National Science Foundation award(DGE-1632976).
文摘Rosaceae is a large plant family consisting of many economically important fruit crops including peach,apple,pear,strawberry,raspberry,plum,and others.Investigations into their growth and development will promote both basic understanding and progress toward increasing fruit yield and quality.With the ever-increasing high-throughput sequencing data of Rosaceae,comparative studies are hindered by inconsistency of sample collection with regard to tissue,stage,growth conditions,and by vastly different handling of the data.Therefore,databases that enable easy access and effective utilization of directly comparable transcript data are highly desirable.Here,we describe a database for comparative analysis,ROsaceae Fruit Transcriptome database(ROFT),based on RNA-seq data generated from the same laboratory using similarly dissected and staged fruit tissues of four important Rosaceae fruit crops:apple,peach,strawberry,and red raspberry.Hence,the database is unique in allowing easy and robust comparisons among fruit gene expression across the four species.ROFT enables researchers to query orthologous genes and their expression patterns during different fruit developmental stages in the four species,identify tissue-specific and tissue-/stage-specific genes,visualize and compare ortholog expression in different fruit types,explore consensus co-expression networks,and download different data types.The database provides users access to vast amounts of RNA-seq data across the four economically important fruits,enables investigations of fruit type specification and evolution,and facilitates the selection of genes with critical roles in fruit development for further studies.
基金The project was funded by the Academy of Finland(Grant 278475 to TH)the University of Helsinki(Grant DW-4881545211 to TH)SS received a personal grant from the Fondazione Edmund Mach(GMPF PhD Fellowship).SS and EK belong to the Doctoral Program in Plant Sciences.
文摘Flowering time is an important trait that affects survival,reproduction and yield in both wild and cultivated plants.Therefore,many studies have focused on the identification of flowering time quantitative trait locus(QTLs)in different crops,and molecular control of this trait has been extensively investigated in model species.Here we report the mapping of QTLs for flowering time and vegetative traits in a large woodland strawberry mapping population that was phenotyped both under field conditions and in a greenhouse after flower induction in the field.The greenhouse experiment revealed additive QTLs in three linkage groups(LG),two on both LG4 and LG7,and one on LG6 that explain about half of the flowering time variance in the population.Three of the QTLs were newly identified in this study,and one co-localized with the previously characterized FvTFL1 gene.An additional strong QTL corresponding to previously mapped PFRU was detected in both field and greenhouse experiments indicating that gene(s)in this locus can control the timing of flowering in different environments in addition to the duration of flowering and axillary bud differentiation to runners and branch crowns.Several putative flowering time genes were identified in these QTL regions that await functional validation.Our results indicate that a few major QTLs may control flowering time and axillary bud differentiation in strawberries.We suggest that the identification of causal genes in the diploid strawberry may enable fine tuning of flowering time and vegetative growth in the closely related octoploid cultivated strawberry.
