给9日龄 SD 雌性大鼠注射丙酸睾丸酮造成雄激素致不孕大鼠(ASR),分别观察卵巢形态、血液及组织匀浆激素含量、糖耐量和血胰岛素水平以及卵泡膜和卵巢间质细胞在体外不同刺激状态下(空白、加胰岛素、加 hCG、加胰岛素+hCG)的 T 含量。结...给9日龄 SD 雌性大鼠注射丙酸睾丸酮造成雄激素致不孕大鼠(ASR),分别观察卵巢形态、血液及组织匀浆激素含量、糖耐量和血胰岛素水平以及卵泡膜和卵巢间质细胞在体外不同刺激状态下(空白、加胰岛素、加 hCG、加胰岛素+hCG)的 T 含量。结果发现:(1)卵巢体积缩小,呈多囊性改变,无黄体;(2)垂体 LH 含量比对照组降低(P<0.01),肾上腺及卵巢中 T、E_2 含量明显升高(分别为P<0.05及P<0.01);(3)糖耐量下降,胰岛素水平显著升高(分别为 P<0.01及 P<0.05);(4)卵泡膜和卵巢间质细胞体外培养 T 含量明显高于对照组(P<0.001),在 hCG 协同作用下胰岛素可使 ASR 及正常大鼠卵巢 T 含量明显增加(P<0.01)。提示雄激素致不孕大鼠可作为高胰岛素和高雄激素性无排卵的动物模型。展开更多
The mitochondrial genome libraries of HL-type sterile line(A) and maintainer line(B) have been constructed. Mitochondrial gene, atp6, was used to screen libraries, due to the different Southern and Northern blot resul...The mitochondrial genome libraries of HL-type sterile line(A) and maintainer line(B) have been constructed. Mitochondrial gene, atp6, was used to screen libraries, due to the different Southern and Northern blot results between sterile and maintainer line. Sequencing analysis of positive clones proved that there were two copies of atp6 gene in sterile line and only one in maintainer line. One copy of atpt6 in sterile line was same to that in maintainer line; the other showed different flanking sequence from the 49th nucleotide downstream of the termination codon of atp6 gene. A new chimeric gene, orfH79, was found in the region. OrfH79 had homology to mitochondrial gene cox Ⅱ and orf107, and was special to HL-sterile cytoplasm.展开更多
The hybrid rice （Oryza sativa L.） breeding that was Initiated In China in the 1970s led to a great improvement in rice productivity. In general, It increases the grain yield by over 20% to the inbred rice varieties,...The hybrid rice （Oryza sativa L.） breeding that was Initiated In China in the 1970s led to a great improvement in rice productivity. In general, It increases the grain yield by over 20% to the inbred rice varieties, and now hybrid rice has been widely introduced into Africa, Southern Asia and America. These hybrid varieties are generated through either three-line hybrid and two-line hybrid systems; the former is derived from cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） and the latter derived from genlc male sterility （GMS）. There are three major types of CMS （HL, BT and WA） and two types of GMS （photoperlod-sensitlve （PGMS） and temperature-sensitive （TGMS））. The BT- and HL-type CMS genes are characterized as orf79 and orfH79, which are chimeric toxic genes derived from mltochondrial rearrangement. Rf3 for CMS-WA Is located on chromosome 1, while Rf1, Rf4, Rf5 and Rf6 correspond to CMS-BT, CMSoWA and CMS- HL, located on chromosome 10. The Rfl gene for BT-CMS has been cloned recently, and encodes a mltochondriatargeted PPR protein. PGMS Is thought to be controlled by two recessive loci on chromosomes 7 and 12, whereas nine recessive alleles have been identified for TGMS and mapped on different chromosomes. Attention Is still urgently needed to resolve the molecular complexity of male sterility to assist rice breeding.展开更多
As one of the most important crops, maize not only has been a source of the food, feed, and industrial feedstock for biofuel and bioproducts, but also became a model plant system for addressing fundamental questions i...As one of the most important crops, maize not only has been a source of the food, feed, and industrial feedstock for biofuel and bioproducts, but also became a model plant system for addressing fundamental questions in genetics. Male sterility is a very useful trait for hybrid vigor utilization and hybrid seed production. The identification and characterization of genic male-sterility (GMS) genes in maize and other plants have deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling anther and pollen development, and enabled the development and efficient use of many biotechnology-based male-sterility (BMS) systems for crop hybrid breeding. In this review, we summarize main advances on the identification and characterization of GMS genes in maize, and con struct a putative regulatory network controlling maize anther and pollen development by comparative genomic analysis of GMS genes in maize, Arabidopsis, and rice. Furthermore, we discuss and appraise the features of more than a dozen BMS systems for propagating male-sterile lines and producing hybrid seeds in maize and other plants. Finally, we provide our perspectives on the studies of GMS genes and the development of novel BMS systems in maize and other plants. The continuous exploration of GMS genes and BMS systems will enhance our understanding of molecular regulatory networks controlling male fertility and greatly facilitate hybrid vigor utilization in breeding and field production of maize and other crops.展开更多
Rice is one of the most important crops as it supports over25%of total caloric intake for humans（Kusano et al.,2015）.The world population reached 7.3 billion in 2015 and is projected to reach 8.5 billion in 2030（Wo...Rice is one of the most important crops as it supports over25%of total caloric intake for humans（Kusano et al.,2015）.The world population reached 7.3 billion in 2015 and is projected to reach 8.5 billion in 2030（Word Population Prospects：2015 Revision）.展开更多
文摘给9日龄 SD 雌性大鼠注射丙酸睾丸酮造成雄激素致不孕大鼠(ASR),分别观察卵巢形态、血液及组织匀浆激素含量、糖耐量和血胰岛素水平以及卵泡膜和卵巢间质细胞在体外不同刺激状态下(空白、加胰岛素、加 hCG、加胰岛素+hCG)的 T 含量。结果发现:(1)卵巢体积缩小,呈多囊性改变,无黄体;(2)垂体 LH 含量比对照组降低(P<0.01),肾上腺及卵巢中 T、E_2 含量明显升高(分别为P<0.05及P<0.01);(3)糖耐量下降,胰岛素水平显著升高(分别为 P<0.01及 P<0.05);(4)卵泡膜和卵巢间质细胞体外培养 T 含量明显高于对照组(P<0.001),在 hCG 协同作用下胰岛素可使 ASR 及正常大鼠卵巢 T 含量明显增加(P<0.01)。提示雄激素致不孕大鼠可作为高胰岛素和高雄激素性无排卵的动物模型。
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30170568).
文摘The mitochondrial genome libraries of HL-type sterile line(A) and maintainer line(B) have been constructed. Mitochondrial gene, atp6, was used to screen libraries, due to the different Southern and Northern blot results between sterile and maintainer line. Sequencing analysis of positive clones proved that there were two copies of atp6 gene in sterile line and only one in maintainer line. One copy of atpt6 in sterile line was same to that in maintainer line; the other showed different flanking sequence from the 49th nucleotide downstream of the termination codon of atp6 gene. A new chimeric gene, orfH79, was found in the region. OrfH79 had homology to mitochondrial gene cox Ⅱ and orf107, and was special to HL-sterile cytoplasm.
基金Publication of this paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30624808）.
文摘The hybrid rice （Oryza sativa L.） breeding that was Initiated In China in the 1970s led to a great improvement in rice productivity. In general, It increases the grain yield by over 20% to the inbred rice varieties, and now hybrid rice has been widely introduced into Africa, Southern Asia and America. These hybrid varieties are generated through either three-line hybrid and two-line hybrid systems; the former is derived from cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） and the latter derived from genlc male sterility （GMS）. There are three major types of CMS （HL, BT and WA） and two types of GMS （photoperlod-sensitlve （PGMS） and temperature-sensitive （TGMS））. The BT- and HL-type CMS genes are characterized as orf79 and orfH79, which are chimeric toxic genes derived from mltochondrial rearrangement. Rf3 for CMS-WA Is located on chromosome 1, while Rf1, Rf4, Rf5 and Rf6 correspond to CMS-BT, CMSoWA and CMS- HL, located on chromosome 10. The Rfl gene for BT-CMS has been cloned recently, and encodes a mltochondriatargeted PPR protein. PGMS Is thought to be controlled by two recessive loci on chromosomes 7 and 12, whereas nine recessive alleles have been identified for TGMS and mapped on different chromosomes. Attention Is still urgently needed to resolve the molecular complexity of male sterility to assist rice breeding.
基金the National Transgenic Major Program of China (2018ZX0801006B,2018ZX0800922B)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0100806,2017YFD0102001,2017YFD0101201)+6 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771875,31871702)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (06500060FRF-BR-17-009AFRF-BR-17-010AFRF-BR-17-011A)the "Ten Thousand Plan”- National High Level Talents Special Support Plan (For X.W.)and the Beijing Science & Technology Plan Program (Z161100000916013).
文摘As one of the most important crops, maize not only has been a source of the food, feed, and industrial feedstock for biofuel and bioproducts, but also became a model plant system for addressing fundamental questions in genetics. Male sterility is a very useful trait for hybrid vigor utilization and hybrid seed production. The identification and characterization of genic male-sterility (GMS) genes in maize and other plants have deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling anther and pollen development, and enabled the development and efficient use of many biotechnology-based male-sterility (BMS) systems for crop hybrid breeding. In this review, we summarize main advances on the identification and characterization of GMS genes in maize, and con struct a putative regulatory network controlling maize anther and pollen development by comparative genomic analysis of GMS genes in maize, Arabidopsis, and rice. Furthermore, we discuss and appraise the features of more than a dozen BMS systems for propagating male-sterile lines and producing hybrid seeds in maize and other plants. Finally, we provide our perspectives on the studies of GMS genes and the development of novel BMS systems in maize and other plants. The continuous exploration of GMS genes and BMS systems will enhance our understanding of molecular regulatory networks controlling male fertility and greatly facilitate hybrid vigor utilization in breeding and field production of maize and other crops.
基金supported by the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31230051, 31470397 and 31110103915)China Innovative Research Team, Ministry of Education, 111 Project (B14016)+2 种基金Project on Breeding from Agriculture Commission of Shanghai (2014-1/3 and 2015e20)Key Project on Basic Research from Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai (Nos. 14JC1403900 and 14391917100)National Transgenic Major Program Grants (No. 2016ZX08009-003-007)
文摘Rice is one of the most important crops as it supports over25%of total caloric intake for humans（Kusano et al.,2015）.The world population reached 7.3 billion in 2015 and is projected to reach 8.5 billion in 2030（Word Population Prospects：2015 Revision）.
