Background Cerebral sparganosis represents the most severe manifestation of sparganosis,with a relatively low global incidence.For cases of secondary epileptic seizures caused by sparganosis infection in the functiona...Background Cerebral sparganosis represents the most severe manifestation of sparganosis,with a relatively low global incidence.For cases of secondary epileptic seizures caused by sparganosis infection in the functional areas of the brain,what advanced neurosurgical techniques should be employed to precisely identify and excise the epi-leptic lesions in the deep functional areas of the brain,aiming to achieve maximal removal while minimising the risk of neurological deficits?This remains a current challenge for epilepsy surgeons.Case presentation A 24-year-old Chinese male was admitted to our hospital,presenting with a history of left limb twitching persisting for over a year.His main clinical symptoms presented twitching and numbness of his left limb without loss of consciousness.Under the premise of inappropriate anti-seizure treatment,recurrent epilepsy attacked persist.The patient’s diagnosis was considered as“space-occupying lesions in the several lobes of brain,secondary epilepsy”after comprehensive assessment and discussion.And experts considered that the patient’s space-occupying lesions in the right frontal and parietal lobes were highly suspected to be infected by parasites.This report delved into the application of neurosurgery robot-assisted frameless stereotaxic technology and intraopera-tive stereotactic electroencephalography(SEEG)monitoring technology to accurately locate and optimize removal of parasite-related epileptic lesions situated in functional areas of the brain.As a result,the patient had achieved seizure freedom,leaving no symptoms of neurological deficit.Conclusions With the highly integrated development of imaging technology,mechanical technology,computer control technology,and artificial intelligence,surgical robots are poised to play a larger role across various neurosur-gical specialties in the future.Considering benefits for patients and the promising application of this technology,its utilization holds significant value.展开更多
目的探索靶点穿刺法在幕上脑出血微创穿刺置管引流术中穿刺的精准性和有效性。方法收集2020年1月1日至2024年5月31日在本研究作者所在医院接受微创穿刺治疗的患者,根据手术记录信息收集靶点穿刺法手术组患者52例和传统穿刺法手术组患者4...目的探索靶点穿刺法在幕上脑出血微创穿刺置管引流术中穿刺的精准性和有效性。方法收集2020年1月1日至2024年5月31日在本研究作者所在医院接受微创穿刺治疗的患者,根据手术记录信息收集靶点穿刺法手术组患者52例和传统穿刺法手术组患者46例,评价穿刺准确性和血肿引流效果,通过格拉斯哥量表(Glasgow coma scale,GCS)、改良的脑出血分级量表(intracerebral hemorrhage grading scale,ICH-GS)、脑出血功能转归评分量表(intracerebral hemorrhage function outcome scale,ICH-FOS)评分评估临床效果及患者预后。结果靶点穿刺法手术组置管与血肿中心距离更短、残余血肿量更少、ICH-GS评分提高(P<0.05),GCS和ICH-FOS评分虽有改善,但无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论靶点穿刺法定位精准,引流效果良好,简单易于掌握,适用于非标准颅脑CT扫描的血肿定位穿刺且没有专用定位工具的医院。展开更多
Gene deletion has been a valuable tool for unraveling the mysteries of molecular biology.Early approaches included gene trapping and gene targetting to disrupt or delete a gene randomly or at a specific location,respe...Gene deletion has been a valuable tool for unraveling the mysteries of molecular biology.Early approaches included gene trapping and gene targetting to disrupt or delete a gene randomly or at a specific location,respectively.Using these technologies in mouse embryos led to the generation of mouse knocko ut models and many scientific discoveries.The efficacy and specificity of these approaches have significantly increased with the advent of new technology such as cluste red regula rly inters paced short palindromic repeats for targetted gene deletion.However,several limitations including unwanted off-target gene deletion have hindered their widespread use in the field.Crerecombinase technology has provided additional capacity for cell-specific gene deletion.In this review,we provide a summary of currently available literature on the application of this system for targetted deletion of neuronal genes.This article has been constructed to provide some background info rmation for the new trainees on the mechanism and to provide necessary information for the design,and application of the Cre-recombinase system thro ugh reviewing the most f requent promoters that are currently available for genetic manipulation of neuro ns.We additionally will provide a summary of the latest technological developments that can be used for targeting neurons.This may also serve as a general guide for the selection of appropriate models for biomedical research.展开更多
The deleterious effect of vasculature damage on the outcome of spinal cord injury has long been recognized, and numerous clinical studies have shown that the presence of hemorrhage into the spinal cord is directly ass...The deleterious effect of vasculature damage on the outcome of spinal cord injury has long been recognized, and numerous clinical studies have shown that the presence of hemorrhage into the spinal cord is directly associated with a poorer neurological outcome. Vascular damage leads to de- creased blood flow to the cord and the release of potentially toxic blood-borne components. Here we consider the mechanisms that may be contributing to hemorrhage-induced damage and discuss the utility of a new model of spinal cord hemorrhage, which was urgently required as most of our current understanding has been extrapolated from intracerebral hemorrhage studies.展开更多
Objective: To design a new open-end intracranial hematoma drainage tube for clinical application. Methods: The newly developed device consists of two parts: the plunger and barrel.On one side, the barrel is bullet sha...Objective: To design a new open-end intracranial hematoma drainage tube for clinical application. Methods: The newly developed device consists of two parts: the plunger and barrel.On one side, the barrel is bullet shaped with an opening tip. The plunger is located in the middle cavity of the tube barrel and extended out at the open-end. It was designed for strengthening the tube barrel and for convenience in performing the drainage procedure. It can be used by inserting the drainage tube into the lesion and pulling out the plunger, whereby blood will forcefully rise up inside the barrel, providing a satisfactory outcome. It is made for effusion drainage purposes. During the procedure, the drainage tip is placed at the deepest part of the intracranial hematoma to completely drain the blood. Moreover, the plunger fits tightly in the tube, preventing leakage during the operation. With the use of the device, brain can be separated. In addition, the device can help reduce the risk of cerebral damage because of the small operating area. The barrel sidewall has matching opening holes bilaterally and equally for exchanging substances between the inner and outer parts.The overlapping ratio in each horizontal pair is around 1/3–1/2. Each pair on the opposite side will form a different pressure. Thus, the opening holes will not easily get blocked with blood clot. Results: Blood and accumulated liquid from the deepest part of the intracranial hematoma can be directly drawn through the drainage tube without damaging a large area. The tube does not get blocked easily and allows for complete removal of the hematoma. Conclusions: The device is asuitable instrument for clinical application.展开更多
Parkinson's disease,the most common movement disorder,has a strong neuroinflammatory aspect.This is evident by increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum,and the presence of activated microglial cells,and i...Parkinson's disease,the most common movement disorder,has a strong neuroinflammatory aspect.This is evident by increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum,and the presence of activated microglial cells,and inflammatory cytokines in the substantia nigra of post-mortem brains as well as cerebrospinal fluid of Parkinson's disease patients.The central and peripheral neuroinflammatory aspects of Parkinson's disease can be investigated in vivo via administration of the inflammagen lipopolysaccharide,a component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.In this mini-review,we will critically evaluate different routes of lipopolysaccharide administration(including intranasal systemic and ste reotasic),their relevance to clinical Parkinson's disease as well as the recent findings in lipopolysaccharide mouse models.We will also share our own expe riences with systemic and intrastriatal lipopolysaccharide models in C57BL/6 mice and will discuss the usefulness of lipopolysaccharide mouse models for future research in the field.展开更多
The stereotaxic brain atlas is a fundamental reference tool commonly used in the field of neuroscience.Here we provide a brief history of brain atlas development and clarify three key conceptual elements of stereotaxi...The stereotaxic brain atlas is a fundamental reference tool commonly used in the field of neuroscience.Here we provide a brief history of brain atlas development and clarify three key conceptual elements of stereotaxic brain atlasing:brain image,atlas,and stereotaxis.We also refine four technical indices for evaluating the construction of atlases:the quality of staining and labeling,the granularity of delineation,spatial resolution,and the precision of spatial location and orientation.Additionally,we discuss state-of-the-art technologies and their trends in the fields of image acquisition,stereotaxic coordinate construction,image processing,anatomical structure recognition,and publishing:the procedures of brain atlas illustration.We believe that the use of single-cell resolution and micron-level location precision will become a future trend in the study of the stereotaxic brain atlas,which will greatly benefit the development of neuroscience.展开更多
Objective to investigate therapeutic methods and effect of X-knife for on intracranial diseases. Method Recent effect of 44 pqtients with cranial diseases by X-knife was observed. Radiological follow-up was perform...Objective to investigate therapeutic methods and effect of X-knife for on intracranial diseases. Method Recent effect of 44 pqtients with cranial diseases by X-knife was observed. Radiological follow-up was performed on 40 cases with mean 5.65 months of follow-up time. Result 92.5%of tumors were controlled locally, stability and recovery rate was 90.0%.The local control of metastatic tumors of brain was higher,but most patients with metastatic tumors died of primary lesion.New metastatic lesions appeared in patients without panencephalic radiotherapy in 1~5months .Tumors of pineal region were sensitive to X-knife.Conclusion X-knife has a definite effect on intracranial diseases .For patients with tumors of pineal region complicated by serious hydrocephalus,shunting should be conducted before X-knife treatment.For patients with mild or morderate hydrocephalus,X-knife chould be utilized only under correct interventions such as dehydration.The local control rate of intracranial metastatic tumors was high,but survival time postoperation depended on panencephalic radiotherapy or control of primafry lision. For tumors with diameter >3cm,pituitary tumors,brains stem tumors and tumors in cerebellopontine angle region repeated X -knife were suggested,which could improve cure rate and decrease complications.展开更多
Stereotaxic instrument is an indispensable tool for numerous types of neuroscience studies and is routinely performed in neuroscience laboratories as part of a variety of experimental procedures.Due to the development...Stereotaxic instrument is an indispensable tool for numerous types of neuroscience studies and is routinely performed in neuroscience laboratories as part of a variety of experimental procedures.Due to the development of robotics and automation,the stereotaxic instrument for rodents has made great progress,while it is relatively backward and scarce for birds.A digital stereotaxic instrument for pigeons(Columba livia),a classic animal model for learning,memory and cognition,was developed in this study.Its performance was verified from three aspects including stereotaxic accuracy,stereotaxic stability and stereotaxic reproducibility.The developed stereotaxic instrument has the following characteristics:(1)a digital positioning system was used,which is characterized by high stereotaxic accuracy;(2)a novel head-fixation system was developed to increase the adaptability of head-fixation;(3)a four-point fixation method was suggested,improving the stability of head-fixation;(4)the stereotaxic instrument has strong versatility,which can be suitable for a wide variety of birds.Moreover,the proposed stereotaxic instrument has better positioning accuracy and stability,which will promote the study of neural mechanisms for pigeons.展开更多
基金supported by Joint key project[grant numbers 2019LH01]Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province[grant numbers 22CXRC0178]+5 种基金Medical Innovation Project[grant numbers 21WQ040]Southwest Jiaotong University Medical and industrial Combination training special project[grant numbers 2682021ZTPY024]National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 81701283]Hospital Management Project of Western Command General Hospital[grant numbers 2021-XZYG-B22]Hospital Management Project of Western Command General Hospital[grant numbers 2021-XZYG-B21]Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province[grant numbers 2019YJ0274].
文摘Background Cerebral sparganosis represents the most severe manifestation of sparganosis,with a relatively low global incidence.For cases of secondary epileptic seizures caused by sparganosis infection in the functional areas of the brain,what advanced neurosurgical techniques should be employed to precisely identify and excise the epi-leptic lesions in the deep functional areas of the brain,aiming to achieve maximal removal while minimising the risk of neurological deficits?This remains a current challenge for epilepsy surgeons.Case presentation A 24-year-old Chinese male was admitted to our hospital,presenting with a history of left limb twitching persisting for over a year.His main clinical symptoms presented twitching and numbness of his left limb without loss of consciousness.Under the premise of inappropriate anti-seizure treatment,recurrent epilepsy attacked persist.The patient’s diagnosis was considered as“space-occupying lesions in the several lobes of brain,secondary epilepsy”after comprehensive assessment and discussion.And experts considered that the patient’s space-occupying lesions in the right frontal and parietal lobes were highly suspected to be infected by parasites.This report delved into the application of neurosurgery robot-assisted frameless stereotaxic technology and intraopera-tive stereotactic electroencephalography(SEEG)monitoring technology to accurately locate and optimize removal of parasite-related epileptic lesions situated in functional areas of the brain.As a result,the patient had achieved seizure freedom,leaving no symptoms of neurological deficit.Conclusions With the highly integrated development of imaging technology,mechanical technology,computer control technology,and artificial intelligence,surgical robots are poised to play a larger role across various neurosur-gical specialties in the future.Considering benefits for patients and the promising application of this technology,its utilization holds significant value.
文摘目的探索靶点穿刺法在幕上脑出血微创穿刺置管引流术中穿刺的精准性和有效性。方法收集2020年1月1日至2024年5月31日在本研究作者所在医院接受微创穿刺治疗的患者,根据手术记录信息收集靶点穿刺法手术组患者52例和传统穿刺法手术组患者46例,评价穿刺准确性和血肿引流效果,通过格拉斯哥量表(Glasgow coma scale,GCS)、改良的脑出血分级量表(intracerebral hemorrhage grading scale,ICH-GS)、脑出血功能转归评分量表(intracerebral hemorrhage function outcome scale,ICH-FOS)评分评估临床效果及患者预后。结果靶点穿刺法手术组置管与血肿中心距离更短、残余血肿量更少、ICH-GS评分提高(P<0.05),GCS和ICH-FOS评分虽有改善,但无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论靶点穿刺法定位精准,引流效果良好,简单易于掌握,适用于非标准颅脑CT扫描的血肿定位穿刺且没有专用定位工具的医院。
文摘Gene deletion has been a valuable tool for unraveling the mysteries of molecular biology.Early approaches included gene trapping and gene targetting to disrupt or delete a gene randomly or at a specific location,respectively.Using these technologies in mouse embryos led to the generation of mouse knocko ut models and many scientific discoveries.The efficacy and specificity of these approaches have significantly increased with the advent of new technology such as cluste red regula rly inters paced short palindromic repeats for targetted gene deletion.However,several limitations including unwanted off-target gene deletion have hindered their widespread use in the field.Crerecombinase technology has provided additional capacity for cell-specific gene deletion.In this review,we provide a summary of currently available literature on the application of this system for targetted deletion of neuronal genes.This article has been constructed to provide some background info rmation for the new trainees on the mechanism and to provide necessary information for the design,and application of the Cre-recombinase system thro ugh reviewing the most f requent promoters that are currently available for genetic manipulation of neuro ns.We additionally will provide a summary of the latest technological developments that can be used for targeting neurons.This may also serve as a general guide for the selection of appropriate models for biomedical research.
基金supported by a grant from Medical Research Council,No.MRCG0300456
文摘The deleterious effect of vasculature damage on the outcome of spinal cord injury has long been recognized, and numerous clinical studies have shown that the presence of hemorrhage into the spinal cord is directly associated with a poorer neurological outcome. Vascular damage leads to de- creased blood flow to the cord and the release of potentially toxic blood-borne components. Here we consider the mechanisms that may be contributing to hemorrhage-induced damage and discuss the utility of a new model of spinal cord hemorrhage, which was urgently required as most of our current understanding has been extrapolated from intracerebral hemorrhage studies.
基金Supported by the Zhejiang Province General Medical Health Research Program(No.2016KYB315)
文摘Objective: To design a new open-end intracranial hematoma drainage tube for clinical application. Methods: The newly developed device consists of two parts: the plunger and barrel.On one side, the barrel is bullet shaped with an opening tip. The plunger is located in the middle cavity of the tube barrel and extended out at the open-end. It was designed for strengthening the tube barrel and for convenience in performing the drainage procedure. It can be used by inserting the drainage tube into the lesion and pulling out the plunger, whereby blood will forcefully rise up inside the barrel, providing a satisfactory outcome. It is made for effusion drainage purposes. During the procedure, the drainage tip is placed at the deepest part of the intracranial hematoma to completely drain the blood. Moreover, the plunger fits tightly in the tube, preventing leakage during the operation. With the use of the device, brain can be separated. In addition, the device can help reduce the risk of cerebral damage because of the small operating area. The barrel sidewall has matching opening holes bilaterally and equally for exchanging substances between the inner and outer parts.The overlapping ratio in each horizontal pair is around 1/3–1/2. Each pair on the opposite side will form a different pressure. Thus, the opening holes will not easily get blocked with blood clot. Results: Blood and accumulated liquid from the deepest part of the intracranial hematoma can be directly drawn through the drainage tube without damaging a large area. The tube does not get blocked easily and allows for complete removal of the hematoma. Conclusions: The device is asuitable instrument for clinical application.
文摘Parkinson's disease,the most common movement disorder,has a strong neuroinflammatory aspect.This is evident by increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum,and the presence of activated microglial cells,and inflammatory cytokines in the substantia nigra of post-mortem brains as well as cerebrospinal fluid of Parkinson's disease patients.The central and peripheral neuroinflammatory aspects of Parkinson's disease can be investigated in vivo via administration of the inflammagen lipopolysaccharide,a component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.In this mini-review,we will critically evaluate different routes of lipopolysaccharide administration(including intranasal systemic and ste reotasic),their relevance to clinical Parkinson's disease as well as the recent findings in lipopolysaccharide mouse models.We will also share our own expe riences with systemic and intrastriatal lipopolysaccharide models in C57BL/6 mice and will discuss the usefulness of lipopolysaccharide mouse models for future research in the field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61721092,81827901,61890950,and 61890951)。
文摘The stereotaxic brain atlas is a fundamental reference tool commonly used in the field of neuroscience.Here we provide a brief history of brain atlas development and clarify three key conceptual elements of stereotaxic brain atlasing:brain image,atlas,and stereotaxis.We also refine four technical indices for evaluating the construction of atlases:the quality of staining and labeling,the granularity of delineation,spatial resolution,and the precision of spatial location and orientation.Additionally,we discuss state-of-the-art technologies and their trends in the fields of image acquisition,stereotaxic coordinate construction,image processing,anatomical structure recognition,and publishing:the procedures of brain atlas illustration.We believe that the use of single-cell resolution and micron-level location precision will become a future trend in the study of the stereotaxic brain atlas,which will greatly benefit the development of neuroscience.
文摘Objective to investigate therapeutic methods and effect of X-knife for on intracranial diseases. Method Recent effect of 44 pqtients with cranial diseases by X-knife was observed. Radiological follow-up was performed on 40 cases with mean 5.65 months of follow-up time. Result 92.5%of tumors were controlled locally, stability and recovery rate was 90.0%.The local control of metastatic tumors of brain was higher,but most patients with metastatic tumors died of primary lesion.New metastatic lesions appeared in patients without panencephalic radiotherapy in 1~5months .Tumors of pineal region were sensitive to X-knife.Conclusion X-knife has a definite effect on intracranial diseases .For patients with tumors of pineal region complicated by serious hydrocephalus,shunting should be conducted before X-knife treatment.For patients with mild or morderate hydrocephalus,X-knife chould be utilized only under correct interventions such as dehydration.The local control rate of intracranial metastatic tumors was high,but survival time postoperation depended on panencephalic radiotherapy or control of primafry lision. For tumors with diameter >3cm,pituitary tumors,brains stem tumors and tumors in cerebellopontine angle region repeated X -knife were suggested,which could improve cure rate and decrease complications.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62003146in part by the Key Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province under Grant 21A413004+1 种基金in part by the Major Commission Project of Industrial Innovation and Development Research in Zhumadian City under Grant 2020ZDWT08in part Young Teacher Foundation of Huanghuai University.
文摘Stereotaxic instrument is an indispensable tool for numerous types of neuroscience studies and is routinely performed in neuroscience laboratories as part of a variety of experimental procedures.Due to the development of robotics and automation,the stereotaxic instrument for rodents has made great progress,while it is relatively backward and scarce for birds.A digital stereotaxic instrument for pigeons(Columba livia),a classic animal model for learning,memory and cognition,was developed in this study.Its performance was verified from three aspects including stereotaxic accuracy,stereotaxic stability and stereotaxic reproducibility.The developed stereotaxic instrument has the following characteristics:(1)a digital positioning system was used,which is characterized by high stereotaxic accuracy;(2)a novel head-fixation system was developed to increase the adaptability of head-fixation;(3)a four-point fixation method was suggested,improving the stability of head-fixation;(4)the stereotaxic instrument has strong versatility,which can be suitable for a wide variety of birds.Moreover,the proposed stereotaxic instrument has better positioning accuracy and stability,which will promote the study of neural mechanisms for pigeons.