Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of chronic inflammatory conditions mainly of the colon and small intestine. Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the most frequent types of IBD....Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of chronic inflammatory conditions mainly of the colon and small intestine. Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the most frequent types of IBD. IBD is a complex disease which arises as a result of the interaction of environmental, genetic and immunological factors. It is increasingly thought that alterations of immunological reactions of the patients to their own enterable bacteria (microfilm) may contribute to inflammation. It is characterized by mucosal and sub mucosal inflammation, perpetuated by infiltration of activated leukocytes. CD may affect the whole gastrointestinal tract while UC only attacks the large intestine. The therapeutic goal is to achieve a steroid-free long lasting remission in both entities. UC has the possibility to be cured by a total colectomy, while CD never can be cured by any operation. A lifelong intake of drugs is mostly necessary and essential. Medical treatment of IBD has to be individualized to each patient and usually starts with anti-inflammatory drugs. The choice what kind of drugs and what route administered (oral, rectal, intravenous) depends on factors including the type, the localization, and severity of the patient’s disease. IBD may require immune-suppression to control symptoms such as prednisolone, thiopurines, calcineurin or sometimes folic acid inhibitors or biologics like TNF-α inhibitors or anti-integrin antibodies. For both types of disease (CD, UC) the same drugs are available but they differ in their preference in efficacy between CD and UC as 5-aminosalicylic acid for UC or budesonide for ileocecal CD. As therapeutic alternative the main mediators of the disease, namely the activated pro-inflammatory cytokine producing leukocytes can be selectively removed via two apheresis systems (Adacolumn and Cellsorba) in steroid-refractory or dependent cases. Extracorporeal photopheresis results in an increase of regulatory B cells, regulatory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and T-regs Type 1. Both 展开更多
在Matlab仿真平台下建立光伏电池的非线性工程模型。针对光伏电池的最大功率追踪(maximum power point tracking,MPPT)问题,分析目前典型的最大功率跟踪算法,即变步长扰动观察法和梯度变步长电导增量法;针对其所存在的缺陷,提出基于改...在Matlab仿真平台下建立光伏电池的非线性工程模型。针对光伏电池的最大功率追踪(maximum power point tracking,MPPT)问题,分析目前典型的最大功率跟踪算法,即变步长扰动观察法和梯度变步长电导增量法;针对其所存在的缺陷,提出基于改进电导增量法的MPPT控制算法。并采用Matlab仿真平台对不同算法的跟踪效果进行对比分析,仿真结果表明:所提出的改进型MPPT算法实用性强,跟踪精度高,而且动态性和稳定性更加优越。展开更多
桥梁多位于水陆交界处,地势空旷,极易遭受雷击。对桥梁雷电暂态特性及相关效应进行定量分析,可为桥梁的防雷设计提供科学的数据支撑。本文以单塔斜拉索桥梁为例,利用CDEGS(Current Distribution Electromagnetic Interference Grounding...桥梁多位于水陆交界处,地势空旷,极易遭受雷击。对桥梁雷电暂态特性及相关效应进行定量分析,可为桥梁的防雷设计提供科学的数据支撑。本文以单塔斜拉索桥梁为例,利用CDEGS(Current Distribution Electromagnetic Interference Grounding and Soil Structure Analysis)软件建立桥梁三维仿真模型,模拟一般斜拉索结构桥梁的塔顶、斜拉索和桥面分别遭受直击雷时,桥梁磁场、跨步电压及雷电流分布情况。结果表明:(1)雷击斜拉索时,桥梁电子信息设备安装处磁场强度峰值最大,雷击塔顶时次之,雷击桥面时最小;雷击斜拉索时桥梁下方地面处的跨步电压峰值最大,雷击桥面时桥梁下方地面处的跨步电压峰值最小;(2)斜拉索上雷电流的大小分布与雷击点位置、斜拉索与接地体之间的距离以及斜拉索长度有关,斜拉索离接地体位置越近,长度越短,其上流过的雷电流越大;(3)接地体上雷电流的大小分布与雷击点位置及接地体的布设位置相关。距离雷击点位置越近,接地体上的雷电流幅值越大,布设在中间位置的接地体由于屏蔽效应雷电流呈现大幅减小的现象;布设在边缘位置的接地体上的雷电流波前时间变化不大,对原始雷电波陡度的削减作用不明显,而布设在中间位置的接地体上雷电流波前时间呈大幅升高的趋势,降低了雷电波因陡度大而造成的危害。展开更多
Investigations of two-dimensional(2D)/one-dimensional(1D)van der Waals(vdW)heterojunctions have attracted significant attention due to their excellent properties such as the smooth heterointerface,the highly gate-tuna...Investigations of two-dimensional(2D)/one-dimensional(1D)van der Waals(vdW)heterojunctions have attracted significant attention due to their excellent properties such as the smooth heterointerface,the highly gate-tunable bandgap,and the ultrafast carrier transport.However,the complicated method of manufacturing vdW heterojunction represents a major problem that severely limits their practical applications.Herein,we develop one-step hydrothermal method and use it to synthesize 2D PbI_(2)/1D Pb_(5)S_(2)I_(6)vdW heterojunction.The PbI_(2)/Pb_(5)S_(2)I_(6)vdW heterojunction photodetector(PD)displays lower dark current(<20 pA),higher responsivity(up to 134 mA·W-1),self-powered and wider response spectrum in comparison with that of pristine PbI_(2)PD and Pb_(5)S_(2)I_(6)PD.This one-step hydrothermal method provides a new idea for preparing other mixed-dimensional heterojunction.展开更多
文摘Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of chronic inflammatory conditions mainly of the colon and small intestine. Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the most frequent types of IBD. IBD is a complex disease which arises as a result of the interaction of environmental, genetic and immunological factors. It is increasingly thought that alterations of immunological reactions of the patients to their own enterable bacteria (microfilm) may contribute to inflammation. It is characterized by mucosal and sub mucosal inflammation, perpetuated by infiltration of activated leukocytes. CD may affect the whole gastrointestinal tract while UC only attacks the large intestine. The therapeutic goal is to achieve a steroid-free long lasting remission in both entities. UC has the possibility to be cured by a total colectomy, while CD never can be cured by any operation. A lifelong intake of drugs is mostly necessary and essential. Medical treatment of IBD has to be individualized to each patient and usually starts with anti-inflammatory drugs. The choice what kind of drugs and what route administered (oral, rectal, intravenous) depends on factors including the type, the localization, and severity of the patient’s disease. IBD may require immune-suppression to control symptoms such as prednisolone, thiopurines, calcineurin or sometimes folic acid inhibitors or biologics like TNF-α inhibitors or anti-integrin antibodies. For both types of disease (CD, UC) the same drugs are available but they differ in their preference in efficacy between CD and UC as 5-aminosalicylic acid for UC or budesonide for ileocecal CD. As therapeutic alternative the main mediators of the disease, namely the activated pro-inflammatory cytokine producing leukocytes can be selectively removed via two apheresis systems (Adacolumn and Cellsorba) in steroid-refractory or dependent cases. Extracorporeal photopheresis results in an increase of regulatory B cells, regulatory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and T-regs Type 1. Both
文摘在Matlab仿真平台下建立光伏电池的非线性工程模型。针对光伏电池的最大功率追踪(maximum power point tracking,MPPT)问题,分析目前典型的最大功率跟踪算法,即变步长扰动观察法和梯度变步长电导增量法;针对其所存在的缺陷,提出基于改进电导增量法的MPPT控制算法。并采用Matlab仿真平台对不同算法的跟踪效果进行对比分析,仿真结果表明:所提出的改进型MPPT算法实用性强,跟踪精度高,而且动态性和稳定性更加优越。
文摘桥梁多位于水陆交界处,地势空旷,极易遭受雷击。对桥梁雷电暂态特性及相关效应进行定量分析,可为桥梁的防雷设计提供科学的数据支撑。本文以单塔斜拉索桥梁为例,利用CDEGS(Current Distribution Electromagnetic Interference Grounding and Soil Structure Analysis)软件建立桥梁三维仿真模型,模拟一般斜拉索结构桥梁的塔顶、斜拉索和桥面分别遭受直击雷时,桥梁磁场、跨步电压及雷电流分布情况。结果表明:(1)雷击斜拉索时,桥梁电子信息设备安装处磁场强度峰值最大,雷击塔顶时次之,雷击桥面时最小;雷击斜拉索时桥梁下方地面处的跨步电压峰值最大,雷击桥面时桥梁下方地面处的跨步电压峰值最小;(2)斜拉索上雷电流的大小分布与雷击点位置、斜拉索与接地体之间的距离以及斜拉索长度有关,斜拉索离接地体位置越近,长度越短,其上流过的雷电流越大;(3)接地体上雷电流的大小分布与雷击点位置及接地体的布设位置相关。距离雷击点位置越近,接地体上的雷电流幅值越大,布设在中间位置的接地体由于屏蔽效应雷电流呈现大幅减小的现象;布设在边缘位置的接地体上的雷电流波前时间变化不大,对原始雷电波陡度的削减作用不明显,而布设在中间位置的接地体上雷电流波前时间呈大幅升高的趋势,降低了雷电波因陡度大而造成的危害。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61376017)。
文摘Investigations of two-dimensional(2D)/one-dimensional(1D)van der Waals(vdW)heterojunctions have attracted significant attention due to their excellent properties such as the smooth heterointerface,the highly gate-tunable bandgap,and the ultrafast carrier transport.However,the complicated method of manufacturing vdW heterojunction represents a major problem that severely limits their practical applications.Herein,we develop one-step hydrothermal method and use it to synthesize 2D PbI_(2)/1D Pb_(5)S_(2)I_(6)vdW heterojunction.The PbI_(2)/Pb_(5)S_(2)I_(6)vdW heterojunction photodetector(PD)displays lower dark current(<20 pA),higher responsivity(up to 134 mA·W-1),self-powered and wider response spectrum in comparison with that of pristine PbI_(2)PD and Pb_(5)S_(2)I_(6)PD.This one-step hydrothermal method provides a new idea for preparing other mixed-dimensional heterojunction.
