This study predicts the characteristics of a compressible polytropic air spring model. A second-order nonlinear autonomous air spring model is presented. The proposed model is based on the assumption that polytropic p...This study predicts the characteristics of a compressible polytropic air spring model. A second-order nonlinear autonomous air spring model is presented. The proposed model is based on the assumption that polytropic processes occur. Isothermal and isentropic compression and expansion of the air within the spring chambers are the two scenarios that are taken into consideration. In these situations, the air inside the spring chambers compresses and expands, resulting in nonlinear spring restoring forces. The MATLAB/Simulink software environment is used to build a numerical simulation model for the dynamic behavior of the air spring. To quantify the values of the stiffnesses of the proposed models, a numerical solution is run over time for various values of the design parameters. The isentropic process case has a higher dynamic air spring stiffness than the isothermal process case, according to the results. The size of the air spring chamber and the area of the air spring piston influence the air spring stiffness in both situations. It is demonstrated that the stiffness of the air spring increases linearly with increasing piston area and decreases nonlinearly with increasing air chamber length. As long as the ratio of the vibration’s amplitude to the air spring’s chamber length is small, there is good agreement in both scenarios between the linearized model and the full nonlinear model. This implies that linear modeling is a reasonable approximation of the complete nonlinear model in this particular scenario.展开更多
电网换相换流器型高压直流输电(line commutated converter high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)的强非线性导致其内部频率耦合复杂多样,传统建模方法难以兼顾准确性与实用性。为此,提出了一种基于相移原理的降维谐波状态空间(harmon...电网换相换流器型高压直流输电(line commutated converter high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)的强非线性导致其内部频率耦合复杂多样,传统建模方法难以兼顾准确性与实用性。为此,提出了一种基于相移原理的降维谐波状态空间(harmonic state space,HSS)建模方法,将谐波域相移原理与HSS理论相结合,建立了LCC-HVDC系统的降维HSS模型。通过PSCAD/EMTDC平台搭建LCC-HVDC系统的时域仿真算例,验证了所建模型的正确性。在此基础上分析了LCC-HVDC系统的小扰动稳定性,并采用参与因子对失稳模态的主导因素进行了辨识。基于所建立的模型进一步研究了HSS截断阶数对模型精度及稳定性分析的影响,并给出了LCC-HVDC系统HSS模型截断阶数选取的建议。结果表明,所提模型具有较高的完整性与准确性,且相较于传统HSS模型的维度降低了一半,大大缩短了计算时间,有效降低了理论分析的复杂度。展开更多
Modelling of bidirectional full bridge DC-DC converter as one of the most applicable converters has received significant attention. Mathematical modelling reduces the simulation time in comparison with detailed circui...Modelling of bidirectional full bridge DC-DC converter as one of the most applicable converters has received significant attention. Mathematical modelling reduces the simulation time in comparison with detailed circuit response;moreover it is convenient for controller design purpose. Due to simple and effective methodology, average state space is the most common method among the modelling methods. In this paper a bidirectional full bridge converter is modelled by average state space and for each mode of operations a controller is designed. Attained mathematical model results are in a close agreement with detailed circuit simulation.展开更多
近年来,基于模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter-high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)系统经常出现振荡现象,小信号分析法是研究MMC-HVDC系统振荡机理及控制器设计的有效工具。首先,针对实际工程中出现...近年来,基于模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter-high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)系统经常出现振荡现象,小信号分析法是研究MMC-HVDC系统振荡机理及控制器设计的有效工具。首先,针对实际工程中出现的部分振荡问题,分析了其对系统安全稳定运行的影响。然后,介绍了国内外现有的MMC阻抗建模方法,并针对谐波状态空间(hamonic state space,HSS)法总结了MMC开环平均值模型通用的建模过程,归纳出该方法常用的闭环控制环节的引入方案,对现有的振荡问题稳定性分析方法进行了总结。最后,提出了未来柔性直流系统振荡问题的研究方向与挑战。展开更多
文摘This study predicts the characteristics of a compressible polytropic air spring model. A second-order nonlinear autonomous air spring model is presented. The proposed model is based on the assumption that polytropic processes occur. Isothermal and isentropic compression and expansion of the air within the spring chambers are the two scenarios that are taken into consideration. In these situations, the air inside the spring chambers compresses and expands, resulting in nonlinear spring restoring forces. The MATLAB/Simulink software environment is used to build a numerical simulation model for the dynamic behavior of the air spring. To quantify the values of the stiffnesses of the proposed models, a numerical solution is run over time for various values of the design parameters. The isentropic process case has a higher dynamic air spring stiffness than the isothermal process case, according to the results. The size of the air spring chamber and the area of the air spring piston influence the air spring stiffness in both situations. It is demonstrated that the stiffness of the air spring increases linearly with increasing piston area and decreases nonlinearly with increasing air chamber length. As long as the ratio of the vibration’s amplitude to the air spring’s chamber length is small, there is good agreement in both scenarios between the linearized model and the full nonlinear model. This implies that linear modeling is a reasonable approximation of the complete nonlinear model in this particular scenario.
文摘模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)具有运行稳定、控制多样化等优点,对其精确建模成为当前研究热点。提出了一种基于复矢量的MMC交直流侧阻抗建模方法。该方法根据复矢量建模的基本原理分析了换流器的正负序转换关系,并在考虑三相耦合的前提下,从差共模角度简述了三相MMC的建模要点,建立了三相系统的完整时域模型。引入谐波状态空间理论(harmonic state space,HSS)对所建模型进行处理来提高建模精度,并利用接口矩阵及阻抗求解的基本原理建立了MMC的交直流侧阻抗模型。最后在仿真平台进行了对比实验,证实了建模方法的可行性。
文摘电网换相换流器型高压直流输电(line commutated converter high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)的强非线性导致其内部频率耦合复杂多样,传统建模方法难以兼顾准确性与实用性。为此,提出了一种基于相移原理的降维谐波状态空间(harmonic state space,HSS)建模方法,将谐波域相移原理与HSS理论相结合,建立了LCC-HVDC系统的降维HSS模型。通过PSCAD/EMTDC平台搭建LCC-HVDC系统的时域仿真算例,验证了所建模型的正确性。在此基础上分析了LCC-HVDC系统的小扰动稳定性,并采用参与因子对失稳模态的主导因素进行了辨识。基于所建立的模型进一步研究了HSS截断阶数对模型精度及稳定性分析的影响,并给出了LCC-HVDC系统HSS模型截断阶数选取的建议。结果表明,所提模型具有较高的完整性与准确性,且相较于传统HSS模型的维度降低了一半,大大缩短了计算时间,有效降低了理论分析的复杂度。
文摘Modelling of bidirectional full bridge DC-DC converter as one of the most applicable converters has received significant attention. Mathematical modelling reduces the simulation time in comparison with detailed circuit response;moreover it is convenient for controller design purpose. Due to simple and effective methodology, average state space is the most common method among the modelling methods. In this paper a bidirectional full bridge converter is modelled by average state space and for each mode of operations a controller is designed. Attained mathematical model results are in a close agreement with detailed circuit simulation.
文摘近年来,基于模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电(modular multilevel converter-high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)系统经常出现振荡现象,小信号分析法是研究MMC-HVDC系统振荡机理及控制器设计的有效工具。首先,针对实际工程中出现的部分振荡问题,分析了其对系统安全稳定运行的影响。然后,介绍了国内外现有的MMC阻抗建模方法,并针对谐波状态空间(hamonic state space,HSS)法总结了MMC开环平均值模型通用的建模过程,归纳出该方法常用的闭环控制环节的引入方案,对现有的振荡问题稳定性分析方法进行了总结。最后,提出了未来柔性直流系统振荡问题的研究方向与挑战。
