The synergistic stabilization effect of different metal lanolin fatty acids as natural-based thermal stabilizers for poly（vinyl chloride） （PVC） including calcium lanolin fatty acid （Calan2）,zinc lanolin fatty ac...The synergistic stabilization effect of different metal lanolin fatty acids as natural-based thermal stabilizers for poly（vinyl chloride） （PVC） including calcium lanolin fatty acid （Calan2）,zinc lanolin fatty acid （Znlan2） and lanthanum lanolin fatty acid （Lalan3） were studied through Congo red testing,color measurements,FTIR analyses and thermal behavior in this paper. The results showed that Lalan3/Calan2/Znlan2 stabilizers exhibited more excellent thermal stabilization efficiency to PVC than Calan2/Znlan2 thermal stabilizers,and the optimal mass ratio of Lalan3/Calan2/Znlan2 was 8：9：3. At last,the effect of degradation mechanism on PVC and synergistic stabilization was also investigated by FTIR analyses and thermal behavior.展开更多
With the development of modem technology like high throughput screening, combinatorial chemistry and computer aid drug design, the drug discovery process has been dramatically accelerated. However, new drug candidates...With the development of modem technology like high throughput screening, combinatorial chemistry and computer aid drug design, the drug discovery process has been dramatically accelerated. However, new drug candidates often exhibit poor aqueous or even organic medium solubility. Additionally, many of them may have low dissolution velocity and low oral bioavailability. Nanocrystal formulation sheds new light on advanced drug development. Due to small （nano- or micro- meters） sizes, the increased surface-volume ratio leads to drama- tically enhanced drug dissolution velocity and saturation solubility. The simplicity in preparation and the potential for various administration routes allow drug nanocrystals to be a novel drug delivery system for specific diseases （i.e. cancer）. In addition to the comprehensive review of different technologies and methods in drug nanocrystal preparation, suspension, and stabilization, we will also compare nano- and micro-sized drug crystals in pharma- ceutical applications and discuss current nanocrystal drugs on the market and their limitations.展开更多
Benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BT-UVs) have attracted concems due to their ubiquitous occurrence in the aquatic environment,and their bioaccumulative and toxic properties.However,little is known about their aquatic env...Benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BT-UVs) have attracted concems due to their ubiquitous occurrence in the aquatic environment,and their bioaccumulative and toxic properties.However,little is known about their aquatic environmental degradation behavior.In this study,photodegradation of a representative of BT-UVs,2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) benzotriazole (UV-P),was investigated under simulated sunlight irradiation.Results show that UV-P photodegrades slower under neutral conditions (neutral form) than under acidic or alkaline conditions (cationic and anionic forms).Indirect photodegradation is a dominant elimination pathway of UV-P in coastal seawaters.Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from seawaters accelerate the photodegradation rates mainly through excited triplet DOM (3DOM*),and the roles of singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical are negligible in the matrixes.DOM from seawaters impacted by mariculture exhibits higher steady-state concentration of 3DOM*([3DOM*]) relative to those from pristine seawaters,leading to higher photosensitizing effects on the photodegradation.Halide ions inhibit the DOM-sensitized photodegradation of UV-P by decreasing [3DOM*].Photodegradation half-lives of UV-P are estimated to range from 24.38 to 49.66 hr in field water bodies of the Yellow River estuary.These results are of importance for assessing environmental fate and risk UV-P in coastal water bodies.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2007HZ0001-2)
文摘The synergistic stabilization effect of different metal lanolin fatty acids as natural-based thermal stabilizers for poly（vinyl chloride） （PVC） including calcium lanolin fatty acid （Calan2）,zinc lanolin fatty acid （Znlan2） and lanthanum lanolin fatty acid （Lalan3） were studied through Congo red testing,color measurements,FTIR analyses and thermal behavior in this paper. The results showed that Lalan3/Calan2/Znlan2 stabilizers exhibited more excellent thermal stabilization efficiency to PVC than Calan2/Znlan2 thermal stabilizers,and the optimal mass ratio of Lalan3/Calan2/Znlan2 was 8：9：3. At last,the effect of degradation mechanism on PVC and synergistic stabilization was also investigated by FTIR analyses and thermal behavior.
文摘With the development of modem technology like high throughput screening, combinatorial chemistry and computer aid drug design, the drug discovery process has been dramatically accelerated. However, new drug candidates often exhibit poor aqueous or even organic medium solubility. Additionally, many of them may have low dissolution velocity and low oral bioavailability. Nanocrystal formulation sheds new light on advanced drug development. Due to small （nano- or micro- meters） sizes, the increased surface-volume ratio leads to drama- tically enhanced drug dissolution velocity and saturation solubility. The simplicity in preparation and the potential for various administration routes allow drug nanocrystals to be a novel drug delivery system for specific diseases （i.e. cancer）. In addition to the comprehensive review of different technologies and methods in drug nanocrystal preparation, suspension, and stabilization, we will also compare nano- and micro-sized drug crystals in pharma- ceutical applications and discuss current nanocrystal drugs on the market and their limitations.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC1801604)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21661142001)
文摘Benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BT-UVs) have attracted concems due to their ubiquitous occurrence in the aquatic environment,and their bioaccumulative and toxic properties.However,little is known about their aquatic environmental degradation behavior.In this study,photodegradation of a representative of BT-UVs,2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) benzotriazole (UV-P),was investigated under simulated sunlight irradiation.Results show that UV-P photodegrades slower under neutral conditions (neutral form) than under acidic or alkaline conditions (cationic and anionic forms).Indirect photodegradation is a dominant elimination pathway of UV-P in coastal seawaters.Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from seawaters accelerate the photodegradation rates mainly through excited triplet DOM (3DOM*),and the roles of singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical are negligible in the matrixes.DOM from seawaters impacted by mariculture exhibits higher steady-state concentration of 3DOM*([3DOM*]) relative to those from pristine seawaters,leading to higher photosensitizing effects on the photodegradation.Halide ions inhibit the DOM-sensitized photodegradation of UV-P by decreasing [3DOM*].Photodegradation half-lives of UV-P are estimated to range from 24.38 to 49.66 hr in field water bodies of the Yellow River estuary.These results are of importance for assessing environmental fate and risk UV-P in coastal water bodies.
