The increasing prevalence of technology in society has an impact on young people’s language use and development. Greeklish is the writing of Greek texts using the Latin instead of the Greek alphabet, a practice known...The increasing prevalence of technology in society has an impact on young people’s language use and development. Greeklish is the writing of Greek texts using the Latin instead of the Greek alphabet, a practice known as Latinization, also employed for many non-latin alphabet languages. The primary aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of Greeklish on reading time. A sample of 732 young Greeks were asked about their habits when communicating through e-mail and social media with their friends and they then participated in an experiment in which they were asked to read and understand two short texts, one written in Greek and the other in Greeklish. The findings of the research show that nearly one third of the participants use Greeklish. The results of the experiment conducted reveal that understanding is not affected by the alphabet used but reading Greeklish is significantly more time consuming than reading Greek independently of the sex and the familiarity of the participants with Greeklish. The findings suggest that amending social and communication media with software utilities related to Latinization such as language identifiers and converters may reduce reading time and thus facilitate written communication among the users.展开更多
Modified polyimides(MPIs)show great potential towards 5G communication applications,due to its excellent thermal stability,mechanical property and chemical stability as compared to most of polymers.Introducing fluorid...Modified polyimides(MPIs)show great potential towards 5G communication applications,due to its excellent thermal stability,mechanical property and chemical stability as compared to most of polymers.Introducing fluoride groups or porous structure is favorable to ultra-low dielectric constant(D_(k))and dielectric loss(D_(f)).However,the cost of the fluorinated MPIs is high and their synthetic processes are complicated,and porous MPIs suffer poor mechanical properties.Also,increasing the fraction of free volume is a very effective way to lower D_(k)through introducing more ultra-low-D_(k)air component.However,most of this kind of MPIs lag far behind the fluorinated MPIs and the porous MPIs in terms of ultra-low D_(f),hindering the application of MPIs in high-speed communication devices.Thus,it is highly desirable to develop intrinsic ultra-low-D_(k)/D_(f)MPIs at high frequency with less fluoric groups and nonporous structure.Herein,we introduce a facile and effective strategy to lower D_(k)and D_(f)through introducing rigid and large sterically hindered aromatic groups into MPIs.On the one hand,their large steric hindrance effect leads to low D_(k)by increasing intrinsic free volume.On the other hand,the resulting highly stiff polymer chain and strong intermolecular interaction are favorable to reduce D_(f)by inhibiting dipole orientations.Based on this strategy,the spirobifluorene groups are preferred.The as-prepared MPIs show excellent dielectric performance with low D_(k)of 2.74–2.76 and low D_(f)of 0.00599 at 10 GHz,to some extent,exceeding the multiple fluorinated MPI with D_(k)/D_(f)of 2.67/0.00663 at 10 GHz.展开更多
5G technology is indispensable for developing comprehensive perception and ubiquitous interconnection of intelligent high-speed railways(HSRs),and can be applied to many scenarios in intelligent construction,intellige...5G technology is indispensable for developing comprehensive perception and ubiquitous interconnection of intelligent high-speed railways(HSRs),and can be applied to many scenarios in intelligent construction,intelligent equipment,intelligent operation and in other fields.In order to promote the standardized application of 5G technology in intelligent HSRs in a scientific and orderly manner and to avoid redundant construction and wasteful investment,it is imperative to carry out a systematical top-level design of the application scenarios at the initial stage.To this end,after investigating and analyzing the 5G application demands in different aspects of HSRs and the general structure of the railway 5G network,this paper formulates an overall planning of 5G technology application scenarios and proposes solutions to some typical application scenarios in the intelligent HSR system,based on the architecture and requirements of the intelligent HSR system.展开更多
文摘The increasing prevalence of technology in society has an impact on young people’s language use and development. Greeklish is the writing of Greek texts using the Latin instead of the Greek alphabet, a practice known as Latinization, also employed for many non-latin alphabet languages. The primary aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of Greeklish on reading time. A sample of 732 young Greeks were asked about their habits when communicating through e-mail and social media with their friends and they then participated in an experiment in which they were asked to read and understand two short texts, one written in Greek and the other in Greeklish. The findings of the research show that nearly one third of the participants use Greeklish. The results of the experiment conducted reveal that understanding is not affected by the alphabet used but reading Greeklish is significantly more time consuming than reading Greek independently of the sex and the familiarity of the participants with Greeklish. The findings suggest that amending social and communication media with software utilities related to Latinization such as language identifiers and converters may reduce reading time and thus facilitate written communication among the users.
基金Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2020B010182001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U20A20340 and 52001068)+3 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFB0408100)Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(No.2016ZT06C412)the“One-Hundred Young Talents”of Guangdong University of Technology(No.220413236)Foshan Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams(No.1920001000108)。
文摘Modified polyimides(MPIs)show great potential towards 5G communication applications,due to its excellent thermal stability,mechanical property and chemical stability as compared to most of polymers.Introducing fluoride groups or porous structure is favorable to ultra-low dielectric constant(D_(k))and dielectric loss(D_(f)).However,the cost of the fluorinated MPIs is high and their synthetic processes are complicated,and porous MPIs suffer poor mechanical properties.Also,increasing the fraction of free volume is a very effective way to lower D_(k)through introducing more ultra-low-D_(k)air component.However,most of this kind of MPIs lag far behind the fluorinated MPIs and the porous MPIs in terms of ultra-low D_(f),hindering the application of MPIs in high-speed communication devices.Thus,it is highly desirable to develop intrinsic ultra-low-D_(k)/D_(f)MPIs at high frequency with less fluoric groups and nonporous structure.Herein,we introduce a facile and effective strategy to lower D_(k)and D_(f)through introducing rigid and large sterically hindered aromatic groups into MPIs.On the one hand,their large steric hindrance effect leads to low D_(k)by increasing intrinsic free volume.On the other hand,the resulting highly stiff polymer chain and strong intermolecular interaction are favorable to reduce D_(f)by inhibiting dipole orientations.Based on this strategy,the spirobifluorene groups are preferred.The as-prepared MPIs show excellent dielectric performance with low D_(k)of 2.74–2.76 and low D_(f)of 0.00599 at 10 GHz,to some extent,exceeding the multiple fluorinated MPI with D_(k)/D_(f)of 2.67/0.00663 at 10 GHz.
文摘5G technology is indispensable for developing comprehensive perception and ubiquitous interconnection of intelligent high-speed railways(HSRs),and can be applied to many scenarios in intelligent construction,intelligent equipment,intelligent operation and in other fields.In order to promote the standardized application of 5G technology in intelligent HSRs in a scientific and orderly manner and to avoid redundant construction and wasteful investment,it is imperative to carry out a systematical top-level design of the application scenarios at the initial stage.To this end,after investigating and analyzing the 5G application demands in different aspects of HSRs and the general structure of the railway 5G network,this paper formulates an overall planning of 5G technology application scenarios and proposes solutions to some typical application scenarios in the intelligent HSR system,based on the architecture and requirements of the intelligent HSR system.
