No recommended guidelines currently exist for the therapeutic concentration or dose of botulinum toxin type A （BTXA） injected into the muscle to treat limb spasticity. Therefore, in this randomized controlled trial,...No recommended guidelines currently exist for the therapeutic concentration or dose of botulinum toxin type A （BTXA） injected into the muscle to treat limb spasticity. Therefore, in this randomized controlled trial, we explored the safety and efficacy of two concentrations and two doses of BTXA in the treatment of spastic toot after stroke to optimize this treatment in these patients. Eligible patients （n = 104） were randomized into four groups. The triceps surae and tibialis posterior on the affected side were injected with BTXA at one of two doses （200 U or 400 U） and two concentrations （50 U/mL or 100 U/mL）. 2he following assessments were conducted before as well as 4 days and 1, 2, 4, and 12 weeks after treatment： spasticity, assessed using the modified Ashworth scale; basic functional mobility, assessed using a timed up and go test; pace, assessed using a 10-meter timed walking test; and the ability to walk, assessed using Holden＇s graded scale and a visual analog scale. The reported results are based on the 89 patients that completed the study. We found significant differences for the two doses and concentrations of BTXA to improve the ability of patients to walk independently, with the high-dose/low-concentration combination providing the best effect. Onset and duration of the ameliorating effects of BTXA were 4-7 days and 12 weeks, respectively. Thus, BTXA effectively treated foot spasms after stroke at an optimal dose of 400 U and concentration of 50 U/mL.展开更多
Background:Ketogenic diet(KD)therapy is one of the main treatments for drug-resistant epilepsy.However,the KD therapy has been applied in only a small number of infantile spasm cases.In this large multicenter study,we...Background:Ketogenic diet(KD)therapy is one of the main treatments for drug-resistant epilepsy.However,the KD therapy has been applied in only a small number of infantile spasm cases.In this large multicenter study,we investigated the efficacy of KD therapy in the treatment of infantile spasms.Methods:In this retrospective,multicenter cohort study,clinical data from main epilepsy centers were analyzed.Patients were classified into different groups according to age,type of drug and whether glucocorticoid was used before initiation of KD.Results:From October 2014 to March 2020,481 patients(308 males and 173 females)with infantile spasms were treated with the KD therapy.The age of the patients ranged from 2 months to 20 years,with a mean age of 1 year and 10 months.The number of anti-seizure medications(ASMs)used before KD initiation ranged 0-6,with a median of 3.In different time from initiation(1,3,6,and 12 months),the rates of seizure freedom after KD were 6.9,11.6;16.0 and 16.8%,respectively(x^(2)=27.1772,P<0.0001).There was a significant difference in the rate of seizure freedom between 3 months and 1 month(x^(2)=6.5498,P=0.0105)groups,and 6 months and 3 months(x^(2)=3.8478,P=0.0498)groups,but not between 12 months and 6 months(x^(2)=0.1212,P=0.7278)groups.The rates of effectiveness were 44.7;62.8,49.1 and 32.0%(x^(2)=93.2674,P<0.0001),respectively.The retention rates were 94.0,82.5,55.7 and 33.1%(x^(2)=483.7551,P<0.0001),correspondingly.The rate of effectiveness and the retention rate of KD were significantly different among the 1,3,6 and 12 months.KD treatment was the first choice in 25 patients(5.2%),55 patients(11.4%)started KD after the failure of the first ASM,158 patients(32.8%)started KD after the failure of the second ASM,157 patients(32.6%)started KD after the failure of the third drug,and 86 patients(17.9%)started KD after the failure of the fourth and more.The KD effect was not related to the number of ASMs used before KD startup(P>0.05).Two hundred and eighteen patients(45.3%)failed to respond to c展开更多
Background Infantile spasms is a severe epileptic encephalopathy, which is refractory to conventional antiepileptic drugs. Adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH） has been the major therapy for infantile spasms; however,...Background Infantile spasms is a severe epileptic encephalopathy, which is refractory to conventional antiepileptic drugs. Adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH） has been the major therapy for infantile spasms; however, ACTH therapy is ineffective for some patients. The variations in the receptor genes can contribute to antiepileptic drug resistance. This study was to elucidate the possible associations between the variations of the MC2R gene and ACTH responsiveness in patients with infantile spasms. Methods We screened for variations in the promoter and coding region of the MC2R gene in 91 Chinese patients with infantile spasms and 94 controls, using PCR and a direct sequencing method. The frequencies of the genotypes, alleles and reconstructed haplotypes were analyzed in the cases and controls. The association between ACTH responsiveness and genetic variations of the MC2R gene was also assessed. Results Four single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） were identified in the MC2R promoter, one of which was a novel specimen at position-2 from the transcription start site ATT, -2T〉C. Three SNPs （rs1893220, rs2186944 and -2T〉C） showed a significant difference between the cases and controls （P 〈0.05 for all）. The frequency of the common TCCT haplotype carrying four-SNP major alleles was significantly lower in the cases （39%） than in the controls （60%） （P=-0.00003）. The homozygous carriers of the TCCT haplotype had a much lower relative risk than the non-carriers （RR=O.42, 95%C/ 0.26-0.70, P=-0.0001）. ACTH responsiveness was strongly associated with the TCCT haplotype （P=-0.000082）. Compared with non-carriers of the TCCT haplotype, the homozygous and heterozygous carriers were more responsive to ACTH therapy （P=0.0002; P=-0.0003, respectively）. Conclusions Our results indicated that the TCCT haplotype in the MC2R promoter is strongly associated with the responsiveness of the ACTH therapy performed on patients with infantile spasms. The polymorphisms of the MC2R promoter might be o展开更多
Importance:Infantile spasm(IS)is a kind of refractory epilepsy.The first-line treatments for IS are adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),oral corticosteroids,and vigabatrin.Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the effi...Importance:Infantile spasm(IS)is a kind of refractory epilepsy.The first-line treatments for IS are adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),oral corticosteroids,and vigabatrin.Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of magnesium sulfate and ACTH(MgSO_(4)+ACTH)combination therapy in patients with IS who failed first-line treatments.Methods:In this retrospective study,the clinical data of patients with IS who failed first-line treatments were collected in the Chinese PLA General Hospital.Patients received MgSO_(4)+ACTH combination therapy after first-line treatments failed.The course of treatments was 2 weeks.The therapeutic dose of ACTH and MgSO_(4)was 2.5 U·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)and 0.25 g·kg^(-1)·d^(-1),respectively.Results:A total of 229 patients with IS who failed the first-line treatments were collected.At the end of the MgSO_(4)+ACTH combination treatment,the seizure-free rate was 48.5%(111/229),and the resolution of hypsarrhythmia on electroencephalogram(EEG)was 72.1%(165/229).About 21.4%(49/229)of patients showed side effects,including infectious diseases,hypokalemia,and diarrhea.Interpretation:For patients with IS who failed first-line treatments,in terms of the seizure-free rate and resolution of hypsarrhythmia on EEG,MgSO_(4)+ACTH combination therapy can be considered.展开更多
目的观察头穴长留针配合下肢CPM康复器治疗痉挛性脑性瘫痪的临床疗效及其对患者肌张力、平衡能力和脑血流的影响。方法将100例痉挛性脑性瘫痪患者随机分为观察组52例和对照组48例。观察组采用头穴长留针配合下肢CPM康复器治疗,对照组仅...目的观察头穴长留针配合下肢CPM康复器治疗痉挛性脑性瘫痪的临床疗效及其对患者肌张力、平衡能力和脑血流的影响。方法将100例痉挛性脑性瘫痪患者随机分为观察组52例和对照组48例。观察组采用头穴长留针配合下肢CPM康复器治疗,对照组仅采用下肢CPM康复器治疗。观察两组治疗前后肌张力[改良Ashworth分级量表(modified Ashworth scale,MAS)评分]、平衡能力[Berg平衡量表(Berg balance scale,BBS)评分]、各项脑血流指标[大脑前动脉(anterior cerebral artery,ACA)、中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)和后动脉(posterior cerebral artery,PCA)平均血流速度]、粗大运动功能量表(gross motor function measure,GMFM)评分(D区和E区)及儿科生活质量量表(the pediatric quality of life inventory,PedsQL)评分的变化情况,并比较两组临床疗效。结果两组治疗后MAS评分均较同组治疗前显著降低,BBS评分、各项脑血流指标、GMFM中D区和E区评分及PedsQL评分均显著升高,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后MAS评分明显低于对照组,BBS评分、各项脑血流指标、GMFM中D区和E区评分及PedsQL评分明显高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组总有效率为92.3%,明显高于对照组的70.8%(P<0.05)。结论头穴长留针配合下肢CPM康复器治疗痉挛性脑性瘫痪疗效确切,能有效降低患者肌张力,提高平衡力,加快脑血流速度,改善运动功能和生活质量。展开更多
Background Infantile spasms (IS) was an epileptic disease with varied treatment widely among clinicians. Here, we aimed to compare and analyze the clinical characteristics of IS response to pyridoxine or topiramate mo...Background Infantile spasms (IS) was an epileptic disease with varied treatment widely among clinicians. Here, we aimed to compare and analyze the clinical characteristics of IS response to pyridoxine or topiramate monotherapy (TPM control IS). Methods The clinical manifestations, treatment processes and outcomes were analyzed in 11 pyridoxine responsive IS and 17 TPM-control IS. Results Of the 11 patients with pyridoxine responsive IS, nine were cryptogenic/idiopathic. Age of seizure onset was 5.36 ± 1.48 months. Spasms were controlled within a week in most of the patients. At the last follow-up, EEG returned to normal in 8. Psychomotor development was normal in 6, mild delay in 3, severe delay in 2. Of the 17 patients with TPM-control IS, 10 were cryptogenic/idiopathic. The age of seizure onset was 5.58 ± 2.09 months. All patients were controlled within a month. At the last follow-up, EEG was normal in 10. Psychomotor development was normal in 8, mild delay in 5, severe delay in 4. Genetic analysis did not show any meaningful results. Conclusions The clinical characteristics and disease courses of pyridoxine responsive IS and TPM-control IS were similar, which possibly clued for a same pathogenic mechanism. Pyridoxine should be tried first in all IS patients, even in sympto-matic cases. If patients were not responsive to pyridoxine, TPM could be tried.展开更多
目的 观察电针跷脉穴联合超声引导下冲击波和振动训练治疗卒中后肌痉挛的临床疗效及其对患者血清γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)和谷氨酸(glutamic acid,Glu)含量的影响。方法 采用随机数字表法将80例卒中后肌痉挛患者随机分...目的 观察电针跷脉穴联合超声引导下冲击波和振动训练治疗卒中后肌痉挛的临床疗效及其对患者血清γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)和谷氨酸(glutamic acid,Glu)含量的影响。方法 采用随机数字表法将80例卒中后肌痉挛患者随机分为研究组与对照组,每组40例。两组均接受康复训练,对照组另予振动训练及超声引导下冲击波治疗,研究组在对照组治疗基础上联合电针跷脉穴治疗。观察治疗前后两组中医证候积分各单项评分、Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表(Fugl-Meyer assessment,FMA)评分、卒中专用生活质量量表(stroke specific quality of life scale,SS-QOL)评分、上肢动作研究量表(action research arm test,ARAT)评分、美国国立卫生院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分和改良Barthel指数(modified Barthel index,MBI)评分的变化,观察治疗前后两组患者血清GABA和Glu水平的变化,比较两组临床疗效。结果 治疗后,两组中医证候积分各单项评分、FMA评分、SS-WOL评分、ARAT评分、NIHSS评分和MBI评分以及血清GABA和Glu水平均较治疗前改善(P<0.05)。研究组治疗后中医证候积分、NIHSS评分和血清Glu水平均低于对照组(P<0.05),SS-QOL、FMA、MBI和ARAT评分以及血清GABA水平均高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 在康复训练基础上,电针跷脉穴联合超声引导下冲击波和振动训练治疗卒中后肌痉挛能有效改善患者的神经症状、生活质量与肢体运动能力,改善Glu和GABA表达水平,从而缓解肌肉痉挛症状,疗效优于单纯超声引导下冲击波和振动训练治疗。展开更多
目的应用多项电生理技术观测婴儿痉挛(IS)的临床发作特征,探索痉挛、肌阵挛和强直性发作的临床-电生理鉴别要点。方法应用视频脑电-肌电多导记录及抽搐逆向锁定的脑电平均技术(jerk-loeked back averaging,JLA),对8例1岁以下 IS 婴儿的...目的应用多项电生理技术观测婴儿痉挛(IS)的临床发作特征,探索痉挛、肌阵挛和强直性发作的临床-电生理鉴别要点。方法应用视频脑电-肌电多导记录及抽搐逆向锁定的脑电平均技术(jerk-loeked back averaging,JLA),对8例1岁以下 IS 婴儿的681次临床明显发作(包括经测试最后被摒除的20次非皮层性肌阵挛),进行临床和多项电生理的实时联合记录分析。同时以其中1例 Aicardi 综合征 IS 临床发作前2个月的58次肌阵挛发作为对照。结果 8例 IS 共记录到3种发作形式,包括痉挛、肌阵挛和强直性发作,分别占94.4%(624/661次)、4.5%(30/661次)和1.1%(7/661次)。痉挛发作多为轴性肌群收缩,具有丛集性及"渐强-渐弱"特征,85.7%(535/624次)的痉挛发作时间在0.4～3.0 s 间,14.3%(89/624次)持续3～7 s。此外,还根据发作期 EEG 认定273次微小痉挛发作。发作期脑电图多为全脑性高幅慢波或低-中幅快波活动(89.1%),经 JLA 叠加后发作期脑电与肌电间未见明确锁时关系。肌阵挛为闪电样的肌肉收缩,发作时间<400 ms,发作期脑电图或为痫性放电,或无明显改变。经 JLA 叠加后证实痫性肌阵挛有皮层放电波,且与肌电之间有恒定锁时关系。强直性发作持续3 s 以上,脑电图为低幅快波及中幅θ活动。此外,根据强直痉挛的强直达峰时间<2 s、发作期 EEG 及轴性发作与 IS 一致等特点,可与强直性发作区别。结论 IS 临床以痉挛发作为主,借助多导电生理记录及 JLA 等电生理技术,能满意地对痉挛、强直性痉挛、肌阵挛和强直性发作等婴幼儿期常见癫痫发作进行鉴别,从而有助对婴儿期癫痫的正确诊断、分类与治疗。展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the Shandong Science and Technology Development Plan Project in China,No.2012YD18031
文摘No recommended guidelines currently exist for the therapeutic concentration or dose of botulinum toxin type A （BTXA） injected into the muscle to treat limb spasticity. Therefore, in this randomized controlled trial, we explored the safety and efficacy of two concentrations and two doses of BTXA in the treatment of spastic toot after stroke to optimize this treatment in these patients. Eligible patients （n = 104） were randomized into four groups. The triceps surae and tibialis posterior on the affected side were injected with BTXA at one of two doses （200 U or 400 U） and two concentrations （50 U/mL or 100 U/mL）. 2he following assessments were conducted before as well as 4 days and 1, 2, 4, and 12 weeks after treatment： spasticity, assessed using the modified Ashworth scale; basic functional mobility, assessed using a timed up and go test; pace, assessed using a 10-meter timed walking test; and the ability to walk, assessed using Holden＇s graded scale and a visual analog scale. The reported results are based on the 89 patients that completed the study. We found significant differences for the two doses and concentrations of BTXA to improve the ability of patients to walk independently, with the high-dose/low-concentration combination providing the best effect. Onset and duration of the ameliorating effects of BTXA were 4-7 days and 12 weeks, respectively. Thus, BTXA effectively treated foot spasms after stroke at an optimal dose of 400 U and concentration of 50 U/mL.
基金This study was supported by the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(SZSM201812005)Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund(No.SZXK033)Shenzhen Fund for Guangdong Provincial High Level Clinical Key Specialties(No.SZGSPO12).
文摘Background:Ketogenic diet(KD)therapy is one of the main treatments for drug-resistant epilepsy.However,the KD therapy has been applied in only a small number of infantile spasm cases.In this large multicenter study,we investigated the efficacy of KD therapy in the treatment of infantile spasms.Methods:In this retrospective,multicenter cohort study,clinical data from main epilepsy centers were analyzed.Patients were classified into different groups according to age,type of drug and whether glucocorticoid was used before initiation of KD.Results:From October 2014 to March 2020,481 patients(308 males and 173 females)with infantile spasms were treated with the KD therapy.The age of the patients ranged from 2 months to 20 years,with a mean age of 1 year and 10 months.The number of anti-seizure medications(ASMs)used before KD initiation ranged 0-6,with a median of 3.In different time from initiation(1,3,6,and 12 months),the rates of seizure freedom after KD were 6.9,11.6;16.0 and 16.8%,respectively(x^(2)=27.1772,P<0.0001).There was a significant difference in the rate of seizure freedom between 3 months and 1 month(x^(2)=6.5498,P=0.0105)groups,and 6 months and 3 months(x^(2)=3.8478,P=0.0498)groups,but not between 12 months and 6 months(x^(2)=0.1212,P=0.7278)groups.The rates of effectiveness were 44.7;62.8,49.1 and 32.0%(x^(2)=93.2674,P<0.0001),respectively.The retention rates were 94.0,82.5,55.7 and 33.1%(x^(2)=483.7551,P<0.0001),correspondingly.The rate of effectiveness and the retention rate of KD were significantly different among the 1,3,6 and 12 months.KD treatment was the first choice in 25 patients(5.2%),55 patients(11.4%)started KD after the failure of the first ASM,158 patients(32.8%)started KD after the failure of the second ASM,157 patients(32.6%)started KD after the failure of the third drug,and 86 patients(17.9%)started KD after the failure of the fourth and more.The KD effect was not related to the number of ASMs used before KD startup(P>0.05).Two hundred and eighteen patients(45.3%)failed to respond to c
基金This study was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30770747）, the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation （No. 7081002, No. 7042024） and the Capital Development Foundation of Beijing （No. 2003-2007）.
文摘Background Infantile spasms is a severe epileptic encephalopathy, which is refractory to conventional antiepileptic drugs. Adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH） has been the major therapy for infantile spasms; however, ACTH therapy is ineffective for some patients. The variations in the receptor genes can contribute to antiepileptic drug resistance. This study was to elucidate the possible associations between the variations of the MC2R gene and ACTH responsiveness in patients with infantile spasms. Methods We screened for variations in the promoter and coding region of the MC2R gene in 91 Chinese patients with infantile spasms and 94 controls, using PCR and a direct sequencing method. The frequencies of the genotypes, alleles and reconstructed haplotypes were analyzed in the cases and controls. The association between ACTH responsiveness and genetic variations of the MC2R gene was also assessed. Results Four single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） were identified in the MC2R promoter, one of which was a novel specimen at position-2 from the transcription start site ATT, -2T〉C. Three SNPs （rs1893220, rs2186944 and -2T〉C） showed a significant difference between the cases and controls （P 〈0.05 for all）. The frequency of the common TCCT haplotype carrying four-SNP major alleles was significantly lower in the cases （39%） than in the controls （60%） （P=-0.00003）. The homozygous carriers of the TCCT haplotype had a much lower relative risk than the non-carriers （RR=O.42, 95%C/ 0.26-0.70, P=-0.0001）. ACTH responsiveness was strongly associated with the TCCT haplotype （P=-0.000082）. Compared with non-carriers of the TCCT haplotype, the homozygous and heterozygous carriers were more responsive to ACTH therapy （P=0.0002; P=-0.0003, respectively）. Conclusions Our results indicated that the TCCT haplotype in the MC2R promoter is strongly associated with the responsiveness of the ACTH therapy performed on patients with infantile spasms. The polymorphisms of the MC2R promoter might be o
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1000707)
文摘Importance:Infantile spasm(IS)is a kind of refractory epilepsy.The first-line treatments for IS are adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),oral corticosteroids,and vigabatrin.Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of magnesium sulfate and ACTH(MgSO_(4)+ACTH)combination therapy in patients with IS who failed first-line treatments.Methods:In this retrospective study,the clinical data of patients with IS who failed first-line treatments were collected in the Chinese PLA General Hospital.Patients received MgSO_(4)+ACTH combination therapy after first-line treatments failed.The course of treatments was 2 weeks.The therapeutic dose of ACTH and MgSO_(4)was 2.5 U·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)and 0.25 g·kg^(-1)·d^(-1),respectively.Results:A total of 229 patients with IS who failed the first-line treatments were collected.At the end of the MgSO_(4)+ACTH combination treatment,the seizure-free rate was 48.5%(111/229),and the resolution of hypsarrhythmia on electroencephalogram(EEG)was 72.1%(165/229).About 21.4%(49/229)of patients showed side effects,including infectious diseases,hypokalemia,and diarrhea.Interpretation:For patients with IS who failed first-line treatments,in terms of the seizure-free rate and resolution of hypsarrhythmia on EEG,MgSO_(4)+ACTH combination therapy can be considered.
文摘目的观察头穴长留针配合下肢CPM康复器治疗痉挛性脑性瘫痪的临床疗效及其对患者肌张力、平衡能力和脑血流的影响。方法将100例痉挛性脑性瘫痪患者随机分为观察组52例和对照组48例。观察组采用头穴长留针配合下肢CPM康复器治疗,对照组仅采用下肢CPM康复器治疗。观察两组治疗前后肌张力[改良Ashworth分级量表(modified Ashworth scale,MAS)评分]、平衡能力[Berg平衡量表(Berg balance scale,BBS)评分]、各项脑血流指标[大脑前动脉(anterior cerebral artery,ACA)、中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)和后动脉(posterior cerebral artery,PCA)平均血流速度]、粗大运动功能量表(gross motor function measure,GMFM)评分(D区和E区)及儿科生活质量量表(the pediatric quality of life inventory,PedsQL)评分的变化情况,并比较两组临床疗效。结果两组治疗后MAS评分均较同组治疗前显著降低,BBS评分、各项脑血流指标、GMFM中D区和E区评分及PedsQL评分均显著升高,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后MAS评分明显低于对照组,BBS评分、各项脑血流指标、GMFM中D区和E区评分及PedsQL评分明显高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组总有效率为92.3%,明显高于对照组的70.8%(P<0.05)。结论头穴长留针配合下肢CPM康复器治疗痉挛性脑性瘫痪疗效确切,能有效降低患者肌张力,提高平衡力,加快脑血流速度,改善运动功能和生活质量。
文摘Background Infantile spasms (IS) was an epileptic disease with varied treatment widely among clinicians. Here, we aimed to compare and analyze the clinical characteristics of IS response to pyridoxine or topiramate monotherapy (TPM control IS). Methods The clinical manifestations, treatment processes and outcomes were analyzed in 11 pyridoxine responsive IS and 17 TPM-control IS. Results Of the 11 patients with pyridoxine responsive IS, nine were cryptogenic/idiopathic. Age of seizure onset was 5.36 ± 1.48 months. Spasms were controlled within a week in most of the patients. At the last follow-up, EEG returned to normal in 8. Psychomotor development was normal in 6, mild delay in 3, severe delay in 2. Of the 17 patients with TPM-control IS, 10 were cryptogenic/idiopathic. The age of seizure onset was 5.58 ± 2.09 months. All patients were controlled within a month. At the last follow-up, EEG was normal in 10. Psychomotor development was normal in 8, mild delay in 5, severe delay in 4. Genetic analysis did not show any meaningful results. Conclusions The clinical characteristics and disease courses of pyridoxine responsive IS and TPM-control IS were similar, which possibly clued for a same pathogenic mechanism. Pyridoxine should be tried first in all IS patients, even in sympto-matic cases. If patients were not responsive to pyridoxine, TPM could be tried.
文摘目的 观察电针跷脉穴联合超声引导下冲击波和振动训练治疗卒中后肌痉挛的临床疗效及其对患者血清γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)和谷氨酸(glutamic acid,Glu)含量的影响。方法 采用随机数字表法将80例卒中后肌痉挛患者随机分为研究组与对照组,每组40例。两组均接受康复训练,对照组另予振动训练及超声引导下冲击波治疗,研究组在对照组治疗基础上联合电针跷脉穴治疗。观察治疗前后两组中医证候积分各单项评分、Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表(Fugl-Meyer assessment,FMA)评分、卒中专用生活质量量表(stroke specific quality of life scale,SS-QOL)评分、上肢动作研究量表(action research arm test,ARAT)评分、美国国立卫生院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分和改良Barthel指数(modified Barthel index,MBI)评分的变化,观察治疗前后两组患者血清GABA和Glu水平的变化,比较两组临床疗效。结果 治疗后,两组中医证候积分各单项评分、FMA评分、SS-WOL评分、ARAT评分、NIHSS评分和MBI评分以及血清GABA和Glu水平均较治疗前改善(P<0.05)。研究组治疗后中医证候积分、NIHSS评分和血清Glu水平均低于对照组(P<0.05),SS-QOL、FMA、MBI和ARAT评分以及血清GABA水平均高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 在康复训练基础上,电针跷脉穴联合超声引导下冲击波和振动训练治疗卒中后肌痉挛能有效改善患者的神经症状、生活质量与肢体运动能力,改善Glu和GABA表达水平,从而缓解肌肉痉挛症状,疗效优于单纯超声引导下冲击波和振动训练治疗。
文摘目的应用多项电生理技术观测婴儿痉挛(IS)的临床发作特征,探索痉挛、肌阵挛和强直性发作的临床-电生理鉴别要点。方法应用视频脑电-肌电多导记录及抽搐逆向锁定的脑电平均技术(jerk-loeked back averaging,JLA),对8例1岁以下 IS 婴儿的681次临床明显发作(包括经测试最后被摒除的20次非皮层性肌阵挛),进行临床和多项电生理的实时联合记录分析。同时以其中1例 Aicardi 综合征 IS 临床发作前2个月的58次肌阵挛发作为对照。结果 8例 IS 共记录到3种发作形式,包括痉挛、肌阵挛和强直性发作,分别占94.4%(624/661次)、4.5%(30/661次)和1.1%(7/661次)。痉挛发作多为轴性肌群收缩,具有丛集性及"渐强-渐弱"特征,85.7%(535/624次)的痉挛发作时间在0.4～3.0 s 间,14.3%(89/624次)持续3～7 s。此外,还根据发作期 EEG 认定273次微小痉挛发作。发作期脑电图多为全脑性高幅慢波或低-中幅快波活动(89.1%),经 JLA 叠加后发作期脑电与肌电间未见明确锁时关系。肌阵挛为闪电样的肌肉收缩,发作时间<400 ms,发作期脑电图或为痫性放电,或无明显改变。经 JLA 叠加后证实痫性肌阵挛有皮层放电波,且与肌电之间有恒定锁时关系。强直性发作持续3 s 以上,脑电图为低幅快波及中幅θ活动。此外,根据强直痉挛的强直达峰时间<2 s、发作期 EEG 及轴性发作与 IS 一致等特点,可与强直性发作区别。结论 IS 临床以痉挛发作为主,借助多导电生理记录及 JLA 等电生理技术,能满意地对痉挛、强直性痉挛、肌阵挛和强直性发作等婴幼儿期常见癫痫发作进行鉴别,从而有助对婴儿期癫痫的正确诊断、分类与治疗。
