In Kansas, productivity of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is affected by weather conditions at planting and during pollination. Planting date management and selection of hybrid maturity group can help to ...In Kansas, productivity of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is affected by weather conditions at planting and during pollination. Planting date management and selection of hybrid maturity group can help to avoid severe environmental stresses during these sensitive stages. The hypothesis of the study was that late May planting improves grain sorghum yield and yield components compared with late June planting. The objectives of this research were to investigate the influence of planting dates yield and yield components of different grain sorghum hybrids, and to determine the optimal planting date and hybrid combination for maximum biomass and grains production. Three sorghum hybrids (early, medium, and late maturing) were planted in late May and late June without irrigation in Kansas at Manhattan/Ashland Bottom Research Station, and Hutchinson in 2010;and at Manhattan/North Farm and Hutchinson in 2011. Data on dry matter production, yield and yield components were collected. Grain yield and yield components were influenced by planting date depending on environmental conditions. At Manhattan (2010), greater grain yield, number of heads per plant, were obtained with late-June planting compared with late May planting, while at Hutchinson (2010) greater yield was obtained with late May planting for all hybrids. The yield component most affected at Hutchinson was the number of kernels∙panicle<sup>−1</sup> and plant density. Late-May planting was favorable for late maturing hybrid (P84G62) in all locations. However, the yield of early maturing hybrid (DKS 28-05) and medium maturing hybrid (DKS 37-07) was less affected by delayed planting. The effects of planting dates on yield and yield components of grain sorghum hybrids were found to be variable among hybrid maturity groups and locations.展开更多
文摘In Kansas, productivity of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is affected by weather conditions at planting and during pollination. Planting date management and selection of hybrid maturity group can help to avoid severe environmental stresses during these sensitive stages. The hypothesis of the study was that late May planting improves grain sorghum yield and yield components compared with late June planting. The objectives of this research were to investigate the influence of planting dates yield and yield components of different grain sorghum hybrids, and to determine the optimal planting date and hybrid combination for maximum biomass and grains production. Three sorghum hybrids (early, medium, and late maturing) were planted in late May and late June without irrigation in Kansas at Manhattan/Ashland Bottom Research Station, and Hutchinson in 2010;and at Manhattan/North Farm and Hutchinson in 2011. Data on dry matter production, yield and yield components were collected. Grain yield and yield components were influenced by planting date depending on environmental conditions. At Manhattan (2010), greater grain yield, number of heads per plant, were obtained with late-June planting compared with late May planting, while at Hutchinson (2010) greater yield was obtained with late May planting for all hybrids. The yield component most affected at Hutchinson was the number of kernels∙panicle<sup>−1</sup> and plant density. Late-May planting was favorable for late maturing hybrid (P84G62) in all locations. However, the yield of early maturing hybrid (DKS 28-05) and medium maturing hybrid (DKS 37-07) was less affected by delayed planting. The effects of planting dates on yield and yield components of grain sorghum hybrids were found to be variable among hybrid maturity groups and locations.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31000739)Key Subject Construction Program of Zhejiang for Modern Agricultural Biotechnology and Crop Disease ControlSpecial Project for Key Lab of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
基金Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (01041102)A key project of scientific and technical attack plan of Anhui Province (06013104B)+2 种基金A Key Project Grant from Anhui Science & Technology Department (04023069)Outstanding talent subsidy of 10th five-year plan of higher education of Anhui Province (200579)Key Subject Foundation of Anhui Science and Technology University (YZD2004-03)
文摘苏丹草(S. sudanense)与高粱(S. bicolor)均为禾本科高粱属植物, 两者的杂种优势明显, 杂交种品质好, 抗逆性强, 在水产、畜禽养殖及资源利用与环境保护上有着广阔的开发利用前景, 但两者是否属于同一个种至今存在争议。本文采用去壁低渗-火焰干燥法, 分析了 2 份苏丹草、2 份高粱及其 3 个杂种 F1 有丝分裂核型, 观察了 3 个杂种F1 减数分裂染色体行为和 2 个杂种 F2 体细胞染色体数目。结果表明, 苏丹草、高粱及其杂种 F1 均为 1A 核型, 但核型公式不完全相同, 苏丹草 Sa 为 2n=18m+2sm(sat), 高粱 3042A 和 3042A×Sa F1 为 2n=20m, 其余材料均为2n=20m(sat)。苏丹草、高粱及其杂种 F1 3 者在 10 条染色体的绝对长臂、绝对短臂、绝对全长、臂比和相对全长上差异均不显著(P>0.05), 说明苏丹草与高粱在染色体长度上的变化不明显。杂种 F1花粉母细胞减数分裂, 终变期和中期 I 染色体核型和数目清晰可见(2n=2x=20), 配对行为规则; 棒状和环状二价体的频率因组合不同而异, Tx623A×S722 F1、3042A×Sa F1 和 Tx623A×Sa F1 棒状二价体频率分别为 4.887、5.710 和 5.126, 环状二价体频率分别为 5.113、 4.290 和 4.874; 在后期 I, 配对的染色体能够正常分离。杂种 F2 体细胞染色体数目为 20(2n=20)。因此, 苏丹草与高粱的亲缘关系非常近。
