The complete form of the vertical vorticity tendency equation （the complete-form vorticity equation） is derived from the Ertel potential vorticity equation to contain thermodynamic factors. In this study, a new comp...The complete form of the vertical vorticity tendency equation （the complete-form vorticity equation） is derived from the Ertel potential vorticity equation to contain thermodynamic factors. In this study, a new complete-form vorticity equation, which has the same form as the original complete-form vorticity equation, is deduced from the absolute vorticity vector equation combined with the continuity equation and the expression of three-dimensional （3D） entropy gradient. By comparing the complete-form vorticity equation with the classical vertical vorticity equation, it is found that regardless of whether or not the isentropic surface is tilting, the two vorticity equations are in essence the same. The ＂baroclinic term＂ of the complete-form vorticity equation is exactly equal to the solenoidal term of the classical one, and there is a significant amount of cancellation between the two baroclinic items （the ＂slantwise term＂ and the horizontal vorticity change term） in the complete-form vorticity equation. In operational weather analysis, the tilt of the isentropic surface can be diagnosed according to the density of the isotherm on the upper-level isobaric map. For synoptic-scale motion, the vertical vorticity produced by the tilt of the isentropic surface is due to the contribution of atmospheric baroclinicity, which is measured by the solenoid. The 3D solenoid is parallel to the isentropic surface, so the more tilted the isentropic surface, the bigger the projection of the 3D solenoid in the vertical direction. The baroclinic contribution can be interpreted based on the PV thinking theory, but the relationship between the vorticity field and the potential vorticity field is not immediate.展开更多
Recent calculations of the transport of a high-current beam in a solenoidal lens have made progress to the second order with the Lie algebraic method. A review of the theory and our simulation to realize it will be de...Recent calculations of the transport of a high-current beam in a solenoidal lens have made progress to the second order with the Lie algebraic method. A review of the theory and our simulation to realize it will be described. Then we will present the results of simulation. A brief discussion on the space charge effect＇s contribution to the transportation will also be made.展开更多
It is about fifty years since dyadic Green’s functions (DGF) were used to solveelectromagnetic boundary problems. However. by 1971 the DGF under normal boundaryconditions had been studied systematically with the meth...It is about fifty years since dyadic Green’s functions (DGF) were used to solveelectromagnetic boundary problems. However. by 1971 the DGF under normal boundaryconditions had been studied systematically with the method of Ohm-Rayleigh by C. T. Tai.展开更多
In this article stochastic perturbations of a class of fat solenoidal attractors are considered. We show the robustness of their invariant densities and rates of mixing under the stochastic perturbations by investigat...In this article stochastic perturbations of a class of fat solenoidal attractors are considered. We show the robustness of their invariant densities and rates of mixing under the stochastic perturbations by investigating the properties of their transfer operators.展开更多
A new structure of the on- chip integrated inductors im plem ented in conventional Si process is presented as a lateral solenoid.The fabrication process utilizes a conventional Si technology with standard double- lay...A new structure of the on- chip integrated inductors im plem ented in conventional Si process is presented as a lateral solenoid.The fabrication process utilizes a conventional Si technology with standard double- layer m etal- lization.S param eters of the inductors based equivalent circuit are investigated and the inductor parameters are cal- culated from the m easured data.Experimental results are presented on an integrated inductors fabricated in a lateral solenoid type utilizing double m etal layers rather than a single metal layer as used in conventional planar spiral de- vices.Inductors with peak Q of 1.3and inductance value of 2 .2 n H are presented,which are com parable to conven- tional planar spiral inductors.展开更多
The weighted residuals method was used for obtaining the boundary integral representation of the velocity of the three-dimensional inviscid irrotational flow. It is shown that velocity in an arbitrary point of domain ...The weighted residuals method was used for obtaining the boundary integral representation of the velocity of the three-dimensional inviscid irrotational flow. It is shown that velocity in an arbitrary point of domain can be expressed through its values on the boundary. Boundary integral equations of the second kind for solving boundary-valued problems of the first and second kinds are developed. The result has been also generalised to the case of solenoidal vector fields with potential vorticity. It is shown that the resulting integral equations are Fredholm integral equations of the second kind and allow effective numerical solving of corresponding boundary-valued problems. Examples of numerical solutions for a sphere and an ellipsoid are given for demonstration of efficiency of the offered method.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41475042 and 41175043)China Meteorological Administration Special Public Welfare Research Fund(GYHY201406002)
文摘The complete form of the vertical vorticity tendency equation （the complete-form vorticity equation） is derived from the Ertel potential vorticity equation to contain thermodynamic factors. In this study, a new complete-form vorticity equation, which has the same form as the original complete-form vorticity equation, is deduced from the absolute vorticity vector equation combined with the continuity equation and the expression of three-dimensional （3D） entropy gradient. By comparing the complete-form vorticity equation with the classical vertical vorticity equation, it is found that regardless of whether or not the isentropic surface is tilting, the two vorticity equations are in essence the same. The ＂baroclinic term＂ of the complete-form vorticity equation is exactly equal to the solenoidal term of the classical one, and there is a significant amount of cancellation between the two baroclinic items （the ＂slantwise term＂ and the horizontal vorticity change term） in the complete-form vorticity equation. In operational weather analysis, the tilt of the isentropic surface can be diagnosed according to the density of the isotherm on the upper-level isobaric map. For synoptic-scale motion, the vertical vorticity produced by the tilt of the isentropic surface is due to the contribution of atmospheric baroclinicity, which is measured by the solenoid. The 3D solenoid is parallel to the isentropic surface, so the more tilted the isentropic surface, the bigger the projection of the 3D solenoid in the vertical direction. The baroclinic contribution can be interpreted based on the PV thinking theory, but the relationship between the vorticity field and the potential vorticity field is not immediate.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (1057009)
文摘Recent calculations of the transport of a high-current beam in a solenoidal lens have made progress to the second order with the Lie algebraic method. A review of the theory and our simulation to realize it will be described. Then we will present the results of simulation. A brief discussion on the space charge effect＇s contribution to the transportation will also be made.
文摘It is about fifty years since dyadic Green’s functions (DGF) were used to solveelectromagnetic boundary problems. However. by 1971 the DGF under normal boundaryconditions had been studied systematically with the method of Ohm-Rayleigh by C. T. Tai.
文摘In this article stochastic perturbations of a class of fat solenoidal attractors are considered. We show the robustness of their invariant densities and rates of mixing under the stochastic perturbations by investigating the properties of their transfer operators.
文摘A new structure of the on- chip integrated inductors im plem ented in conventional Si process is presented as a lateral solenoid.The fabrication process utilizes a conventional Si technology with standard double- layer m etal- lization.S param eters of the inductors based equivalent circuit are investigated and the inductor parameters are cal- culated from the m easured data.Experimental results are presented on an integrated inductors fabricated in a lateral solenoid type utilizing double m etal layers rather than a single metal layer as used in conventional planar spiral de- vices.Inductors with peak Q of 1.3and inductance value of 2 .2 n H are presented,which are com parable to conven- tional planar spiral inductors.
文摘The weighted residuals method was used for obtaining the boundary integral representation of the velocity of the three-dimensional inviscid irrotational flow. It is shown that velocity in an arbitrary point of domain can be expressed through its values on the boundary. Boundary integral equations of the second kind for solving boundary-valued problems of the first and second kinds are developed. The result has been also generalised to the case of solenoidal vector fields with potential vorticity. It is shown that the resulting integral equations are Fredholm integral equations of the second kind and allow effective numerical solving of corresponding boundary-valued problems. Examples of numerical solutions for a sphere and an ellipsoid are given for demonstration of efficiency of the offered method.
