The Sun would be subject to a significant variation of orbital motion about the solar system barycentre if a small planet is orbiting at a very large distance. This paper assesses if the Planet 9 hypothesis, the exist...The Sun would be subject to a significant variation of orbital motion about the solar system barycentre if a small planet is orbiting at a very large distance. This paper assesses if the Planet 9 hypothesis, the existence of a ninth planet, is consistent with the planetary hypothesis: the synchronisation of sunspot emergence to solar inertial motion (SIM) induced by the planets. We show that SIM would be profoundly affected if Planet 9 exists and that the hypothesised effect of SIM on sunspot emergence would be radically different from the effect of SIM due to the existing eight planets. We compare the frequency and time variation of Sun to barycentre distance, R<sub>B</sub>, calculated for both the eight and nine planet systems, with the frequency and time variation of sunspot number (SSN). We show that including Planet 9 improves the coherence between R<sub>B</sub> and SSN in the decadal, centennial and millennial time range. Additionally, as the variation of R<sub>B </sub>is sensitive to the longitude and period of Planet 9, it is possible to adjust both parameters to fit the variation of R<sub>B</sub> to the SSN record and obtain new estimates of the period and present longitude of Planet 9. Finally, we develop the hypothesis that planetary induced solar acceleration reduces meridional flow and consequently sunspot emergence thereby providing an explanation for the observed coincidence of grand solar minima with intervals of extreme solar acceleration.展开更多
基于行星会合指数运动学方程,推演出太阳质心到太阳系质心距离变化的计算公式,并利用该公式重建太阳质心相对于太阳系质心的距离变化时间序列,作为太阳轨道运动的替代性指标,使用聚合经验模态分解(Ensemble empirical mode decompositio...基于行星会合指数运动学方程,推演出太阳质心到太阳系质心距离变化的计算公式,并利用该公式重建太阳质心相对于太阳系质心的距离变化时间序列,作为太阳轨道运动的替代性指标,使用聚合经验模态分解(Ensemble empirical mode decomposition,EEMD)方法分析0~25.0 ka BP太阳质心到太阳系质心的距离与Δ^14C时间序列。结果显示:两者均存在蕴含~2300 a周期(Hall⁃statt cycle)的IMF分量;互相关分析证实两者蕴含的Hallstatt周期分量间具有相关性,0~13.9 ka BP与13.9~25.0 ka BP年代相关系数分别可达0.52、0.44,并且太阳质心到太阳系质心距离的变化超前于太阳活动指标Δ^(14)C的变化。表明太阳质心远离太阳系质心时,大气^(14)C含量增加,对应于太阳活动较弱的时期;太阳质心靠近太阳系质心时,大气^(14)C含量减小,对应于太阳活动较强的时期。这一认识对于进一步探究太阳活动Hallstatt周期的成因机制提供了新的依据和思路。展开更多
文摘The Sun would be subject to a significant variation of orbital motion about the solar system barycentre if a small planet is orbiting at a very large distance. This paper assesses if the Planet 9 hypothesis, the existence of a ninth planet, is consistent with the planetary hypothesis: the synchronisation of sunspot emergence to solar inertial motion (SIM) induced by the planets. We show that SIM would be profoundly affected if Planet 9 exists and that the hypothesised effect of SIM on sunspot emergence would be radically different from the effect of SIM due to the existing eight planets. We compare the frequency and time variation of Sun to barycentre distance, R<sub>B</sub>, calculated for both the eight and nine planet systems, with the frequency and time variation of sunspot number (SSN). We show that including Planet 9 improves the coherence between R<sub>B</sub> and SSN in the decadal, centennial and millennial time range. Additionally, as the variation of R<sub>B </sub>is sensitive to the longitude and period of Planet 9, it is possible to adjust both parameters to fit the variation of R<sub>B</sub> to the SSN record and obtain new estimates of the period and present longitude of Planet 9. Finally, we develop the hypothesis that planetary induced solar acceleration reduces meridional flow and consequently sunspot emergence thereby providing an explanation for the observed coincidence of grand solar minima with intervals of extreme solar acceleration.
文摘基于行星会合指数运动学方程,推演出太阳质心到太阳系质心距离变化的计算公式,并利用该公式重建太阳质心相对于太阳系质心的距离变化时间序列,作为太阳轨道运动的替代性指标,使用聚合经验模态分解(Ensemble empirical mode decomposition,EEMD)方法分析0~25.0 ka BP太阳质心到太阳系质心的距离与Δ^14C时间序列。结果显示:两者均存在蕴含~2300 a周期(Hall⁃statt cycle)的IMF分量;互相关分析证实两者蕴含的Hallstatt周期分量间具有相关性,0~13.9 ka BP与13.9~25.0 ka BP年代相关系数分别可达0.52、0.44,并且太阳质心到太阳系质心距离的变化超前于太阳活动指标Δ^(14)C的变化。表明太阳质心远离太阳系质心时,大气^(14)C含量增加,对应于太阳活动较弱的时期;太阳质心靠近太阳系质心时,大气^(14)C含量减小,对应于太阳活动较强的时期。这一认识对于进一步探究太阳活动Hallstatt周期的成因机制提供了新的依据和思路。
