In this paper, we investigated the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), for simplicity called in this paper an El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index in 1950-2023 by applying the wavelet spectral transform and the IBM SP...In this paper, we investigated the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), for simplicity called in this paper an El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index in 1950-2023 by applying the wavelet spectral transform and the IBM SPSS correlations analysis. ONI follows the three months’ current measurements of the average temperature of the sea surface in the East-Central tropical part of the Pacific Ocean nearby the international line of the date change over the average sea surface temperature over the past 30 years. The ENSO index is found to have a strong (>87%) correlation with the Global Land-Ocean Temperature (GLOT). The scatter plots of the ENSO-GLOT correlation with the linear and cubic fits have shown that the ENSO index is better fit by the cubic polynomial increasing proportionally to a cubic power of the GLOT variations. The wavelet analysis allowed us to detect the two key periods in the ENSO (ONI) index: 4 - 5 years and 12 years. The smaller period of 4.5 years can be linked to the motion of tectonic plates while the larger period of 12 years is shown to have a noticeable correlation of 25% with frequencies of the underwater (submarine) volcanic eruptions in the areas with ENSO occurrences. Not withholding any local terrestrial factors considered to contribute to the ENSO occurrences, we investigated the possibility of the volcanic eruptions causing ENSO to be also induced by the tidal forces of Jupiter and Sun showing the correlation of the underwater volcanic eruption frequency with the Jupiter-Earth distances to be 12% and with the Sun-Earth distances, induced by the solar inertial motion, in January, when the Earth is turned to the Sun with the southern hemisphere where the ENSO occurs, to become 15%. Hence, the underwater volcanic eruptions induced by tidal forces of Jupiter and Sun can be the essential additional factors imposing this 12 year period of the ENSO (ONI) index variations.展开更多
The formation mechanism of micron-to centimeter-scale sedimentary cycles in lacustrine shales is a hot topic of research,because these small-scale sedimentary cycles significantly influence shale-oil distribution hete...The formation mechanism of micron-to centimeter-scale sedimentary cycles in lacustrine shales is a hot topic of research,because these small-scale sedimentary cycles significantly influence shale-oil distribution heterogeneity.High-frequency paleoenvironmental evolution is an important controlling factor for the formation of small-scale sedimentary cycles.However,the driving factors of high-frequency paleoenvironmental evolution and the formation process of sedimentary cycles under its constraint remain speculative.In this study,which focuses on lacustrine shales,we find that the alternating deposition of variable thickness of organic-rich lamina(ORL)and silty-grained felsic lamina(SSFL)form sedimentary cycles on the micron to centimeter scale in the Chang 73 sub-member of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin.Based on detailed petrographic characterization,in-situ geochemical parameter testing,and high-resolution cycle analysis,the formation process of cyclical sedimentary records and related paleoenvironmental evolution are investigated.Three solar activity cycles were identified from the shales,namely the 360–500 yr,81–110 yr,and 30–57 yr cycles(cycles I,II,and III,respectively).Highfrequency paleoenvironmental evolution caused by solar activity induced lake-level fluctuation,which further controlled silty-grained sediment deposition and organic matter preservation in deep lake areas.Cycle I controlled relatively long-term lake-level fluctuation,driving several pairs of SSFL and ORL deposition at the centimeter scale.Cycles II and III were short-term cycles and acted on the millimeter to micrometer scale,further complicating the sedimentary strata forming during the period of lake-level fall induced by cycle I.The cyclic deposition of SSFL and ORL correspond to cycle III.Lake-level fluctuation influenced by cycle II mainly caused SSFL thickness variation in each lamina couplet.During the period of lake-level rise induced by cycle I,periods of lake level rise during cycles II,and III show cyclic varia展开更多
This paper explores the links between terrestrial temperature, sea levels and ice areas in both hemispheres with solar activity indices expressed through averaged sunspot numbers together with the summary curve of eig...This paper explores the links between terrestrial temperature, sea levels and ice areas in both hemispheres with solar activity indices expressed through averaged sunspot numbers together with the summary curve of eigenvectors of the solar background magnetic field (SBMF) and with changes of Sun-Earth distances caused by solar inertial motion resulting from the gravitation of large planets in the solar system. Using the wavelet analysis of the GLB and HadCRUTS datasets two periods: 21.4 and 36 years in GLB, set and the period of about 19.6 years in the HadCRUTS are discovered. The 21.4-year period is associated with variations in solar activity defined by the summary curve of the largest eigenvectors of the SBMF. A dominant 21.4-year period is also reported in the variations of the sea level, which is linked with the period of 21.4 years detected in the GLB temperature and the summary curve of the SBMF variations. The wavelet analysis of ice and snow areas shows that in the Southern hemisphere, it does not show any links to solar activity periods while in the Northern hemisphere, the ice area reveals a period of 10.7 years equal to a usual solar activity cycle. The TSI in March-August of every year is found to grow with every year following closely the temperature curve, because the Sun moves closer to the Earth orbit owing to gravitation of large planets (solar inertial motion, SIM), while the variations of solar radiation during a whole year have more steady distribution without a sharp TSI increase during the last two centuries. The additional TSI contribution caused by SIM is likely to secure the additional energy input and exchange between the ocean and atmosphere.展开更多
对2008—2014年由气象、电离层和气候卫星联合观测系统(Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate,COSMIC)掩星观测与最新版国际电离层参考模型IRI-2016输出得到的电离层峰值参数(峰值密度NmF2与峰值高度...对2008—2014年由气象、电离层和气候卫星联合观测系统(Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate,COSMIC)掩星观测与最新版国际电离层参考模型IRI-2016输出得到的电离层峰值参数(峰值密度NmF2与峰值高度hmF2)在中国区域进行了比较。IRI-2016模型输出值与COSMIC掩星反演值的相关性在太阳活动高年(2011—2014年)整体上高于太阳活动低年(2008—2010年)。在低年春秋季的当地时间(local time,LT)12:00—14:00,IRI-2016相对于COSMIC掩星在30°N^55°N区域内对NmF2和hmF2分别存在低估和高估现象,在15°N^30°N区域内则恰恰相反。对于NmF2,采用IRI_CCIR和IRI_URSI两种选项的模型输出值在中午时分均存在高估,在低年高估更为显著。对于hmF2,采用IRI_CCIR和IRI_AMTB两种选项的模型输出值在低年各季节均存在高估,且IRI_AMTB选项高估更显著,冬季最突出。结果表明,在中国区域由IRI-2016模型计算NmF2和hmF2时,分别推荐使用IRI_CCIR和IRI_Shubin选项。展开更多
文摘In this paper, we investigated the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), for simplicity called in this paper an El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index in 1950-2023 by applying the wavelet spectral transform and the IBM SPSS correlations analysis. ONI follows the three months’ current measurements of the average temperature of the sea surface in the East-Central tropical part of the Pacific Ocean nearby the international line of the date change over the average sea surface temperature over the past 30 years. The ENSO index is found to have a strong (>87%) correlation with the Global Land-Ocean Temperature (GLOT). The scatter plots of the ENSO-GLOT correlation with the linear and cubic fits have shown that the ENSO index is better fit by the cubic polynomial increasing proportionally to a cubic power of the GLOT variations. The wavelet analysis allowed us to detect the two key periods in the ENSO (ONI) index: 4 - 5 years and 12 years. The smaller period of 4.5 years can be linked to the motion of tectonic plates while the larger period of 12 years is shown to have a noticeable correlation of 25% with frequencies of the underwater (submarine) volcanic eruptions in the areas with ENSO occurrences. Not withholding any local terrestrial factors considered to contribute to the ENSO occurrences, we investigated the possibility of the volcanic eruptions causing ENSO to be also induced by the tidal forces of Jupiter and Sun showing the correlation of the underwater volcanic eruption frequency with the Jupiter-Earth distances to be 12% and with the Sun-Earth distances, induced by the solar inertial motion, in January, when the Earth is turned to the Sun with the southern hemisphere where the ENSO occurs, to become 15%. Hence, the underwater volcanic eruptions induced by tidal forces of Jupiter and Sun can be the essential additional factors imposing this 12 year period of the ENSO (ONI) index variations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42072161)Innovation Research Group of the Natural Fund Committee(Grant No.41821002)and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(22CX07008A)。
文摘The formation mechanism of micron-to centimeter-scale sedimentary cycles in lacustrine shales is a hot topic of research,because these small-scale sedimentary cycles significantly influence shale-oil distribution heterogeneity.High-frequency paleoenvironmental evolution is an important controlling factor for the formation of small-scale sedimentary cycles.However,the driving factors of high-frequency paleoenvironmental evolution and the formation process of sedimentary cycles under its constraint remain speculative.In this study,which focuses on lacustrine shales,we find that the alternating deposition of variable thickness of organic-rich lamina(ORL)and silty-grained felsic lamina(SSFL)form sedimentary cycles on the micron to centimeter scale in the Chang 73 sub-member of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin.Based on detailed petrographic characterization,in-situ geochemical parameter testing,and high-resolution cycle analysis,the formation process of cyclical sedimentary records and related paleoenvironmental evolution are investigated.Three solar activity cycles were identified from the shales,namely the 360–500 yr,81–110 yr,and 30–57 yr cycles(cycles I,II,and III,respectively).Highfrequency paleoenvironmental evolution caused by solar activity induced lake-level fluctuation,which further controlled silty-grained sediment deposition and organic matter preservation in deep lake areas.Cycle I controlled relatively long-term lake-level fluctuation,driving several pairs of SSFL and ORL deposition at the centimeter scale.Cycles II and III were short-term cycles and acted on the millimeter to micrometer scale,further complicating the sedimentary strata forming during the period of lake-level fall induced by cycle I.The cyclic deposition of SSFL and ORL correspond to cycle III.Lake-level fluctuation influenced by cycle II mainly caused SSFL thickness variation in each lamina couplet.During the period of lake-level rise induced by cycle I,periods of lake level rise during cycles II,and III show cyclic varia
文摘This paper explores the links between terrestrial temperature, sea levels and ice areas in both hemispheres with solar activity indices expressed through averaged sunspot numbers together with the summary curve of eigenvectors of the solar background magnetic field (SBMF) and with changes of Sun-Earth distances caused by solar inertial motion resulting from the gravitation of large planets in the solar system. Using the wavelet analysis of the GLB and HadCRUTS datasets two periods: 21.4 and 36 years in GLB, set and the period of about 19.6 years in the HadCRUTS are discovered. The 21.4-year period is associated with variations in solar activity defined by the summary curve of the largest eigenvectors of the SBMF. A dominant 21.4-year period is also reported in the variations of the sea level, which is linked with the period of 21.4 years detected in the GLB temperature and the summary curve of the SBMF variations. The wavelet analysis of ice and snow areas shows that in the Southern hemisphere, it does not show any links to solar activity periods while in the Northern hemisphere, the ice area reveals a period of 10.7 years equal to a usual solar activity cycle. The TSI in March-August of every year is found to grow with every year following closely the temperature curve, because the Sun moves closer to the Earth orbit owing to gravitation of large planets (solar inertial motion, SIM), while the variations of solar radiation during a whole year have more steady distribution without a sharp TSI increase during the last two centuries. The additional TSI contribution caused by SIM is likely to secure the additional energy input and exchange between the ocean and atmosphere.
文摘对2008—2014年由气象、电离层和气候卫星联合观测系统(Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate,COSMIC)掩星观测与最新版国际电离层参考模型IRI-2016输出得到的电离层峰值参数(峰值密度NmF2与峰值高度hmF2)在中国区域进行了比较。IRI-2016模型输出值与COSMIC掩星反演值的相关性在太阳活动高年(2011—2014年)整体上高于太阳活动低年(2008—2010年)。在低年春秋季的当地时间(local time,LT)12:00—14:00,IRI-2016相对于COSMIC掩星在30°N^55°N区域内对NmF2和hmF2分别存在低估和高估现象,在15°N^30°N区域内则恰恰相反。对于NmF2,采用IRI_CCIR和IRI_URSI两种选项的模型输出值在中午时分均存在高估,在低年高估更为显著。对于hmF2,采用IRI_CCIR和IRI_AMTB两种选项的模型输出值在低年各季节均存在高估,且IRI_AMTB选项高估更显著,冬季最突出。结果表明,在中国区域由IRI-2016模型计算NmF2和hmF2时,分别推荐使用IRI_CCIR和IRI_Shubin选项。
