To ameliorate soil oxygen deficiencies around subsurface drip irrigation(SDI) drippers, aerated irrigation(AI) was introduced to supply aerated water to the soil through venturi installed in the SDI pipeline. The obje...To ameliorate soil oxygen deficiencies around subsurface drip irrigation(SDI) drippers, aerated irrigation(AI) was introduced to supply aerated water to the soil through venturi installed in the SDI pipeline. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of AI on soil respiration(SR), air-filled porosity(AFP), soil temperature(ST), and oxygen concentrations(OCC). Total soil respiration(TSR), biological activity temperature index(BAT), and soil oxygen consumption(OCS) based on SR, ST, and OCC, respectively, were subsequently calculated to explore the relationships between TSR, BAT, OCS, OCC, and AFP. Greenhouse-based experiments included two treatments: AI and unaerated SDI(CK), during the tomato growing season in the fall of 2015. The results showed that compared with CK, AI treatment significantly increased OCC and AFP(by 16 and 7.4%, respectively), as well as TSR and OCS(by 24.21 and 22.91%, respectively)(P<0.05). Mean fruit yield with AI treatment was also 23% higher(P<0.05) than that with CK. When BAT was controlled, partial correlations between TSR, OCS, OCC, and AFP were all significant in the AI treatment but not in the CK treatment. TSR was more sensitive to the interaction effects of OCC, OCS, AFP, and BAT under the AI treatment. Thus, the significantly increased TSR with AI appeared to be due to the favorable soil aeration conditi ons(higher OCC and AFP). Furthermore, the improvements in soil aeration conditions and respiration with AI appeared to facilitate the improvement in fruit yields, which also suggests the economic benefits of AI.展开更多
为研究种植模式和施氮量对大豆土壤通气环境及结瘤固氮的影响,本研究采用二因素裂区试验设计,主区为种植模式:大豆单作(SS)、玉米/大豆带状套作(MS),副区为不同施氮量:不施氮(NN:0 kg hm^(–2))、减量施氮(RN:45 kg hm^(–2))和常量施氮...为研究种植模式和施氮量对大豆土壤通气环境及结瘤固氮的影响,本研究采用二因素裂区试验设计,主区为种植模式:大豆单作(SS)、玉米/大豆带状套作(MS),副区为不同施氮量:不施氮(NN:0 kg hm^(–2))、减量施氮(RN:45 kg hm^(–2))和常量施氮(CN:60 kg hm^(–2)),监测了大豆生育期内土壤的O_(2)含量和土壤呼吸速率的动态变化规律,分析了各处理的土壤水稳性团聚体、容重和孔隙度差异,探讨了大豆生育期内结瘤量、固氮能力的变化特征。2年数据结果表明,与单作大豆相比,带状套作大豆可提高土壤O_(2)含量、>2 mm粒径团聚体的百分含量、显著增加土壤孔隙度、显著增强后期土壤呼吸的速率,显著降低<1 mm粒径团聚体百分含量与土壤孔隙度;R5期根瘤干重差异不显著,但结瘤数量显著增加39.9%,固氮酶活性与固氮潜力也在此时显著高于单作大豆。各施氮量间,土壤O_(2)含量、0.25~1.00 mm粒径的百分含量、带状套作大豆的土壤呼吸速率以RN处理最高,施氮能降低<0.25 mm粒径的水稳性团聚体的百分含量、土壤容重,施氮显著抑制单作大豆前期的结瘤量、固氮酶活性和固氮潜力,至R5期氮肥的抑制作用有所缓解,减量施氮可提升带状套作大豆后期的结瘤量,显著增强大豆生育期内的固氮酶活性和固氮潜力。带状套作大豆配施减量施氮会促进大团聚体的形成,增加土壤的孔隙度,改善大豆土壤的通气环境状况,保持了较高的土壤O_(2)含量,促进土壤呼吸,有利于大豆后期结瘤固氮。展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0400200 and 2016YFC0400201)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities “111 Project”, China (B12007)
文摘To ameliorate soil oxygen deficiencies around subsurface drip irrigation(SDI) drippers, aerated irrigation(AI) was introduced to supply aerated water to the soil through venturi installed in the SDI pipeline. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of AI on soil respiration(SR), air-filled porosity(AFP), soil temperature(ST), and oxygen concentrations(OCC). Total soil respiration(TSR), biological activity temperature index(BAT), and soil oxygen consumption(OCS) based on SR, ST, and OCC, respectively, were subsequently calculated to explore the relationships between TSR, BAT, OCS, OCC, and AFP. Greenhouse-based experiments included two treatments: AI and unaerated SDI(CK), during the tomato growing season in the fall of 2015. The results showed that compared with CK, AI treatment significantly increased OCC and AFP(by 16 and 7.4%, respectively), as well as TSR and OCS(by 24.21 and 22.91%, respectively)(P<0.05). Mean fruit yield with AI treatment was also 23% higher(P<0.05) than that with CK. When BAT was controlled, partial correlations between TSR, OCS, OCC, and AFP were all significant in the AI treatment but not in the CK treatment. TSR was more sensitive to the interaction effects of OCC, OCS, AFP, and BAT under the AI treatment. Thus, the significantly increased TSR with AI appeared to be due to the favorable soil aeration conditi ons(higher OCC and AFP). Furthermore, the improvements in soil aeration conditions and respiration with AI appeared to facilitate the improvement in fruit yields, which also suggests the economic benefits of AI.
文摘为研究种植模式和施氮量对大豆土壤通气环境及结瘤固氮的影响,本研究采用二因素裂区试验设计,主区为种植模式:大豆单作(SS)、玉米/大豆带状套作(MS),副区为不同施氮量:不施氮(NN:0 kg hm^(–2))、减量施氮(RN:45 kg hm^(–2))和常量施氮(CN:60 kg hm^(–2)),监测了大豆生育期内土壤的O_(2)含量和土壤呼吸速率的动态变化规律,分析了各处理的土壤水稳性团聚体、容重和孔隙度差异,探讨了大豆生育期内结瘤量、固氮能力的变化特征。2年数据结果表明,与单作大豆相比,带状套作大豆可提高土壤O_(2)含量、>2 mm粒径团聚体的百分含量、显著增加土壤孔隙度、显著增强后期土壤呼吸的速率,显著降低<1 mm粒径团聚体百分含量与土壤孔隙度;R5期根瘤干重差异不显著,但结瘤数量显著增加39.9%,固氮酶活性与固氮潜力也在此时显著高于单作大豆。各施氮量间,土壤O_(2)含量、0.25~1.00 mm粒径的百分含量、带状套作大豆的土壤呼吸速率以RN处理最高,施氮能降低<0.25 mm粒径的水稳性团聚体的百分含量、土壤容重,施氮显著抑制单作大豆前期的结瘤量、固氮酶活性和固氮潜力,至R5期氮肥的抑制作用有所缓解,减量施氮可提升带状套作大豆后期的结瘤量,显著增强大豆生育期内的固氮酶活性和固氮潜力。带状套作大豆配施减量施氮会促进大团聚体的形成,增加土壤的孔隙度,改善大豆土壤的通气环境状况,保持了较高的土壤O_(2)含量,促进土壤呼吸,有利于大豆后期结瘤固氮。
