2011年4月至2012年2月,以2个月为周期,在上海市不同地点浦东(PD)、金山(JS)、嘉定(JD)、青浦(QP)、崇明(CM)、闵行(MH)采集不同类型城市河岸带土壤,采用乙炔抑制法测定土壤反硝化速率.结果表明,上海河岸带土壤反硝化速率介于1.00～82.92...2011年4月至2012年2月,以2个月为周期,在上海市不同地点浦东(PD)、金山(JS)、嘉定(JD)、青浦(QP)、崇明(CM)、闵行(MH)采集不同类型城市河岸带土壤,采用乙炔抑制法测定土壤反硝化速率.结果表明,上海河岸带土壤反硝化速率介于1.00～82.92μmol·m-·2h-1之间,时空差异明显.不同区域,农田背景下的河岸带土壤反硝化速率(浦东:29.51μmol·m-·2h-1,嘉定:36.99μmol·m-·2h-1)要高于以草地(青浦:4.95μmol·m-·2h-1,闵行:7.84μmol·m-·2h-1)、矮灌丛(金山:27.83μmol·m-·2h-1,崇明:23.26μmol·m-·2h-1)背景为主的河岸带土壤;垂直变化上,2～5cm深度处的河岸带土壤反硝化速率最大,随深度增加反硝化速率呈逐步降低趋势;季节变化上,河岸带土壤反硝化速率呈现夏秋高冬春低的特点,夏季是反硝化作用最为强烈的季节.温度、pH值、土壤有机碳(Soil Organic Carbon,SOC)、土壤总氮(Soil Total Nitrogen,STN)等是影响反硝化速率的重要因子,其中,反硝化速率与温度、SOC、STN含量呈正相关关系,与pH值呈负相关关系.展开更多
A facility of BaPS （Barometric Process Separation） was used to determine soil respiration, gross nitrification and denitrification in a winter wheat field with depths of 0-7, 7--14 and 14-21 cm. N2O production was d...A facility of BaPS （Barometric Process Separation） was used to determine soil respiration, gross nitrification and denitrification in a winter wheat field with depths of 0-7, 7--14 and 14-21 cm. N2O production was determined by a gas chromatograph. Crop root mass and relevant soil parameters were measured. Results showed that soil respiration and gross nitrification decreased with the increase of soil depth, while denitrification did not change significantly. In comparison with no-plowing plot, soil respiration increased significantly in plowing plot, especially in the surface soil of 0-7 cm, while gross nitrification and denitrification rates were not affected by plowing. Cropping practice in previous season was found to affect soil gross nitrification in the following wheat-growing season. Higher gross nitrification rate occurred in the filed plot with preceding crop of rice compared with that of maize for all the three depths of 0-7, 7-14 and 14-21 cm. A further investigation indicated that the nitrification for all the cases accounted for about 76% of the total nitrogen transformation processes of nitrification and denitrification and the N2O production correlated with nitrification significantly, suggesting that nitrification is a key process of soil N2O production in the wheat field. In addition, the variations of soil respiration and gross nitrification were exponentially dependent on root mass （p〈0.00l）.展开更多
A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to investigate nitrous oxide(N 2O) emission and reduction in a paddy soil(Stagnic Anthrosol) response to the pretreatment of water regime. The paddy soil was maintaine...A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to investigate nitrous oxide(N 2O) emission and reduction in a paddy soil(Stagnic Anthrosol) response to the pretreatment of water regime. The paddy soil was maintained under either air dried(sample D) or submerged(sample F) conditions for 110 d before the soil was adjusted into soil moisture of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% water holding capacity(WHC) respectively, and then incubated with or without 10%(v/v) acetylene for 138 h at 25℃. At lower soil water content (≤60% WHC), N 2O emission from the sample F was 2 29 times higher than that from the sample D( P <0 01). While, N 2O emission from the sample F was only 29 and 14 percent of that from the sample D at the soil moisture of 80% and 100% WHC, respectively( P <0 01). The maximal N 2O emissions observed at soil moisture of 80% WHC were about 24 and 186 times higher than the minima obtained at the soil moisture of 20% WHC for the sample F and D, respectively. But at the soil moisture of 80% and 100% WHC, N 2O emission from the sample F with acetylene(F+ACE) was comparable to that of the sample D with acetylene (D+ACE). The results showed that the F sample produced N 2O ability in denitrification was similar to the sample D, however, the sample F was in the better reduction of N 2O to N 2 than the sample D even after the soil moisture was adjusted into the same level of 80% or 100% WHC. Therefore, the pretreatment of water regime influenced the strength and product composition of denitrification and N 2O emission from the paddy soil.展开更多
文摘2011年4月至2012年2月,以2个月为周期,在上海市不同地点浦东(PD)、金山(JS)、嘉定(JD)、青浦(QP)、崇明(CM)、闵行(MH)采集不同类型城市河岸带土壤,采用乙炔抑制法测定土壤反硝化速率.结果表明,上海河岸带土壤反硝化速率介于1.00～82.92μmol·m-·2h-1之间,时空差异明显.不同区域,农田背景下的河岸带土壤反硝化速率(浦东:29.51μmol·m-·2h-1,嘉定:36.99μmol·m-·2h-1)要高于以草地(青浦:4.95μmol·m-·2h-1,闵行:7.84μmol·m-·2h-1)、矮灌丛(金山:27.83μmol·m-·2h-1,崇明:23.26μmol·m-·2h-1)背景为主的河岸带土壤;垂直变化上,2～5cm深度处的河岸带土壤反硝化速率最大,随深度增加反硝化速率呈逐步降低趋势;季节变化上,河岸带土壤反硝化速率呈现夏秋高冬春低的特点,夏季是反硝化作用最为强烈的季节.温度、pH值、土壤有机碳(Soil Organic Carbon,SOC)、土壤总氮(Soil Total Nitrogen,STN)等是影响反硝化速率的重要因子,其中,反硝化速率与温度、SOC、STN含量呈正相关关系,与pH值呈负相关关系.
基金The Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX1-SW-01-13)
文摘A facility of BaPS （Barometric Process Separation） was used to determine soil respiration, gross nitrification and denitrification in a winter wheat field with depths of 0-7, 7--14 and 14-21 cm. N2O production was determined by a gas chromatograph. Crop root mass and relevant soil parameters were measured. Results showed that soil respiration and gross nitrification decreased with the increase of soil depth, while denitrification did not change significantly. In comparison with no-plowing plot, soil respiration increased significantly in plowing plot, especially in the surface soil of 0-7 cm, while gross nitrification and denitrification rates were not affected by plowing. Cropping practice in previous season was found to affect soil gross nitrification in the following wheat-growing season. Higher gross nitrification rate occurred in the filed plot with preceding crop of rice compared with that of maize for all the three depths of 0-7, 7-14 and 14-21 cm. A further investigation indicated that the nitrification for all the cases accounted for about 76% of the total nitrogen transformation processes of nitrification and denitrification and the N2O production correlated with nitrification significantly, suggesting that nitrification is a key process of soil N2O production in the wheat field. In addition, the variations of soil respiration and gross nitrification were exponentially dependent on root mass （p〈0.00l）.
文摘A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to investigate nitrous oxide(N 2O) emission and reduction in a paddy soil(Stagnic Anthrosol) response to the pretreatment of water regime. The paddy soil was maintained under either air dried(sample D) or submerged(sample F) conditions for 110 d before the soil was adjusted into soil moisture of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% water holding capacity(WHC) respectively, and then incubated with or without 10%(v/v) acetylene for 138 h at 25℃. At lower soil water content (≤60% WHC), N 2O emission from the sample F was 2 29 times higher than that from the sample D( P <0 01). While, N 2O emission from the sample F was only 29 and 14 percent of that from the sample D at the soil moisture of 80% and 100% WHC, respectively( P <0 01). The maximal N 2O emissions observed at soil moisture of 80% WHC were about 24 and 186 times higher than the minima obtained at the soil moisture of 20% WHC for the sample F and D, respectively. But at the soil moisture of 80% and 100% WHC, N 2O emission from the sample F with acetylene(F+ACE) was comparable to that of the sample D with acetylene (D+ACE). The results showed that the F sample produced N 2O ability in denitrification was similar to the sample D, however, the sample F was in the better reduction of N 2O to N 2 than the sample D even after the soil moisture was adjusted into the same level of 80% or 100% WHC. Therefore, the pretreatment of water regime influenced the strength and product composition of denitrification and N 2O emission from the paddy soil.
