Cadmium(Cd) is highly toxic to plants, animals, and humans. Limited information is available on the role of nitric oxide(NO)and/or 24-epibrassinolide(EBR) in response of plants to Cd stress. In this study, a hydroponi...Cadmium(Cd) is highly toxic to plants, animals, and humans. Limited information is available on the role of nitric oxide(NO)and/or 24-epibrassinolide(EBR) in response of plants to Cd stress. In this study, a hydroponic experiment was performed to investigate the effects of NO and/or EBR on peanut plants subjected to Cd stress(200 μmol L^(-1)) with sodium nitroprusside(SNP, an exogenous NO donor)(250 μmol L^(-1)) and/or EBR(0.1 μmol L^(-1)) addition. The results showed that Cd exposure inhibited plant growth, and this stress was alleviated by exogenous NO or EBR, and especially the combination of the two. Treatment with Cd inhibited the growth of peanut seedlings, decreased chlorophyll content, and significantly increased the Cd concentration in plants. Furthermore, the concentration of reactive oxygen species(ROS) markedly increased in peanut seedlings under Cd stress, resulting in the accumulation of malondialdehyde(MDA) and proline in leaves and roots. Under Cd stress, applications of SNP, EBR, and especially the two in combination significantly reduced the translocation of Cd from roots to leaves, increased the chlorophyll content, decreased the concentrations of ROS, MDA, and proline, and significantly enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), and catalase(CAT) in peanut seedlings. Exogenous NO and/or EBR also stimulated the activities of nitrate reductase(NR)and nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and increased the contents of antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid(AsA) and reduced glutathione(GSH). Furthermore, exogenous NO and/or EBR enhanced Cd accumulation in the cell wall and thus decreased Cd distribution in the organelles in the roots. The concentrations of calcium(Ca), iron(Fe), magnesium(Mg), and zinc(Zn) were also regulated by exogenous NO or EBR, and especially by the two in combination. These results indicated that SNP and EBR, alone and particularly in combination, can mitigate the negative effects of Cd stress in peanut plants.展开更多
Short-chain fatty acids are important nutrients that regulate milk fat synthesis.They regulate milk syn-thesis via the sterol regulatory element binding protein 1(SREBP1)pathway;however,the details are still unknown.H...Short-chain fatty acids are important nutrients that regulate milk fat synthesis.They regulate milk syn-thesis via the sterol regulatory element binding protein 1(SREBP1)pathway;however,the details are still unknown.Here,the regulation and mechanism of sodium acetate(SA)in milk fat synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells(BMECs)were assessed.BMECs were treated with SA supplementation(SAþ)or without SA supplementation(SA-),and milk fat synthesis and activation of the SREBP1 pathway were increased(P=0.0045;P=0.0042)by SAþand decreased(P=0.0068;P=0.0031)by SA-,respectively.Overexpression or inhibition of SREBP1 demonstrated that SA promoted milk fat synthesis(P=0.0045)via the SREBP1 pathway.Overexpression or inhibition of TATA element modulatory factor 1(TMF1)demon-strated that TMF1 suppressed activation of the SREBP1 pathway(P=0.0001)and milk fat synthesis(P=0.0022)activated by SAþ.Overexpression or inhibition of TMF1 and SREBP1 showed that TMF1 suppressed milk fat synthesis(P=0.0073)through the SREBP1 pathway.Coimmunoprecipitation analysis revealed that TMF1 interacted with SREBP1 in the cytoplasm and suppressed the nuclear localization of SREBP1(P=0.0066).The absence or presence of SA demonstrated that SA inhibited the expression of TMF1(P=0.0002)and the interaction between TMF1 and SREBP1(P=0.0001).Collectively,our research sug-gested that TMF1 was a new negative regulator of milk fat synthesis.In BMECs,SA promoted the SREBP1 pathway and milk fat synthesis by suppressing TMF1.This study enhances the current understanding of the regulation of milk fat synthesis and provides new scientific data for the regulation of milk fat synthesis.展开更多
Molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2)) is a promising electrode material for sodium-ion batteries as it offers a large capacity through a distinct conversion reaction.However,the electrochemical potential of MoS_(2) is often r...Molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2)) is a promising electrode material for sodium-ion batteries as it offers a large capacity through a distinct conversion reaction.However,the electrochemical potential of MoS_(2) is often restrained by the poor conductivity as the dominant 2 H phase is a semiconductor while the metallic1 T phase is thermodynamically unstable.In this work,we report a hybrid design and material preparation of freestanding nanosheets of MoS_(2) composed of both 1 T and 2 H phases based on mild hydrothermal reaction.The introduction of the metallic 1 T-MoS_(2) phase into 2 H-MoS_(2) and their intimate hybridization enable a significant improvement in electronic conductivity,while the freestanding architecture avoids possible electrochemical aggregation.When used as electrodes for sodium storage,such a hybrid MoS_(2) affords a high capacity of~500 mA h g^(-1) at 0.5 A g^(-1) after 300 cycles,and retains capacity of~200 mA h g^(-1) at a high current rate of 4 A g^(-1),thus demonstrating their potential in high-performance battery applications.展开更多
基金supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. R2017MD010)Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program (No. J14LF08)Taishan Scholars at Seed Industry Talent Project- Shandong Province Seed Industry Project (No. 2014),China
文摘Cadmium(Cd) is highly toxic to plants, animals, and humans. Limited information is available on the role of nitric oxide(NO)and/or 24-epibrassinolide(EBR) in response of plants to Cd stress. In this study, a hydroponic experiment was performed to investigate the effects of NO and/or EBR on peanut plants subjected to Cd stress(200 μmol L^(-1)) with sodium nitroprusside(SNP, an exogenous NO donor)(250 μmol L^(-1)) and/or EBR(0.1 μmol L^(-1)) addition. The results showed that Cd exposure inhibited plant growth, and this stress was alleviated by exogenous NO or EBR, and especially the combination of the two. Treatment with Cd inhibited the growth of peanut seedlings, decreased chlorophyll content, and significantly increased the Cd concentration in plants. Furthermore, the concentration of reactive oxygen species(ROS) markedly increased in peanut seedlings under Cd stress, resulting in the accumulation of malondialdehyde(MDA) and proline in leaves and roots. Under Cd stress, applications of SNP, EBR, and especially the two in combination significantly reduced the translocation of Cd from roots to leaves, increased the chlorophyll content, decreased the concentrations of ROS, MDA, and proline, and significantly enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), and catalase(CAT) in peanut seedlings. Exogenous NO and/or EBR also stimulated the activities of nitrate reductase(NR)and nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and increased the contents of antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid(AsA) and reduced glutathione(GSH). Furthermore, exogenous NO and/or EBR enhanced Cd accumulation in the cell wall and thus decreased Cd distribution in the organelles in the roots. The concentrations of calcium(Ca), iron(Fe), magnesium(Mg), and zinc(Zn) were also regulated by exogenous NO or EBR, and especially by the two in combination. These results indicated that SNP and EBR, alone and particularly in combination, can mitigate the negative effects of Cd stress in peanut plants.
基金supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(2019M662971)The Basic Scientific Research Operating Expenses of Higher Education Institutions of Heilongjiang Province(No.2020-KYYWF-0283).
文摘Short-chain fatty acids are important nutrients that regulate milk fat synthesis.They regulate milk syn-thesis via the sterol regulatory element binding protein 1(SREBP1)pathway;however,the details are still unknown.Here,the regulation and mechanism of sodium acetate(SA)in milk fat synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells(BMECs)were assessed.BMECs were treated with SA supplementation(SAþ)or without SA supplementation(SA-),and milk fat synthesis and activation of the SREBP1 pathway were increased(P=0.0045;P=0.0042)by SAþand decreased(P=0.0068;P=0.0031)by SA-,respectively.Overexpression or inhibition of SREBP1 demonstrated that SA promoted milk fat synthesis(P=0.0045)via the SREBP1 pathway.Overexpression or inhibition of TATA element modulatory factor 1(TMF1)demon-strated that TMF1 suppressed activation of the SREBP1 pathway(P=0.0001)and milk fat synthesis(P=0.0022)activated by SAþ.Overexpression or inhibition of TMF1 and SREBP1 showed that TMF1 suppressed milk fat synthesis(P=0.0073)through the SREBP1 pathway.Coimmunoprecipitation analysis revealed that TMF1 interacted with SREBP1 in the cytoplasm and suppressed the nuclear localization of SREBP1(P=0.0066).The absence or presence of SA demonstrated that SA inhibited the expression of TMF1(P=0.0002)and the interaction between TMF1 and SREBP1(P=0.0001).Collectively,our research sug-gested that TMF1 was a new negative regulator of milk fat synthesis.In BMECs,SA promoted the SREBP1 pathway and milk fat synthesis by suppressing TMF1.This study enhances the current understanding of the regulation of milk fat synthesis and provides new scientific data for the regulation of milk fat synthesis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51872192,51672182,51772197)the Thousand Young Talents Plan,the Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation(No.BK20180002)the Key University Science Research Project of Jiangsu Province(Nos.19KJA170001,17KJA430013)。
文摘Molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2)) is a promising electrode material for sodium-ion batteries as it offers a large capacity through a distinct conversion reaction.However,the electrochemical potential of MoS_(2) is often restrained by the poor conductivity as the dominant 2 H phase is a semiconductor while the metallic1 T phase is thermodynamically unstable.In this work,we report a hybrid design and material preparation of freestanding nanosheets of MoS_(2) composed of both 1 T and 2 H phases based on mild hydrothermal reaction.The introduction of the metallic 1 T-MoS_(2) phase into 2 H-MoS_(2) and their intimate hybridization enable a significant improvement in electronic conductivity,while the freestanding architecture avoids possible electrochemical aggregation.When used as electrodes for sodium storage,such a hybrid MoS_(2) affords a high capacity of~500 mA h g^(-1) at 0.5 A g^(-1) after 300 cycles,and retains capacity of~200 mA h g^(-1) at a high current rate of 4 A g^(-1),thus demonstrating their potential in high-performance battery applications.
