Globally, the architectural profession faces complex challenges, bringing the transformation of the curriculum to the forefront of critical discourse. This article reflects on the Honors programme at the University of...Globally, the architectural profession faces complex challenges, bringing the transformation of the curriculum to the forefront of critical discourse. This article reflects on the Honors programme at the University of Pretoria Architecture Department during the first semester of 2016, where a research-based design approach has been established. In particular, the focus is on the informal settlement of Woodtane Village in Pretoria, situated on a contested site among private residential estates. From this study, it is argued that a research-based approach serves to prepare graduates for the complex decision-making and collaboration that is required for the development of socially responsive design.展开更多
The Autism Spectrum Rating Scale(ASRS) and the Social Responsiveness Scale(SRS) have been widely used for screening autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in the general population during epidemiological studies, but studies o...The Autism Spectrum Rating Scale(ASRS) and the Social Responsiveness Scale(SRS) have been widely used for screening autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in the general population during epidemiological studies, but studies of individuals with intellectual disability(ID) are quite limited. Therefore, we recruited the parents/caregivers of 204 ASD cases, 71 ID cases aged 6–18 years from special education schools, and 402 typically developing(TD) children in the same age span from a communitybased population to complete the ASRS and SRS. The results showed that the ID group scored significantly lower on total and subscale scores than the ASD group on both scales(P \ 0.05) but higher than TD children(P \ 0.05).Receiver operating characteristic analyses demonstrated a similar fair performance in discriminating ASD from ID with the ASRS(area under the curve(AUC) = 0.709,sensitivity = 77.0%, specificity = 52.1%, positive predictive value(PPV) = 82.2%) and the SRS(AUC = 0.742,sensitivity = 59.8%, specificity = 77.5%, PPV = 88.4%).The results showed that individuals with ID had clear autistic traits and discriminating ASD from ID cases was quite challenging, while assessment tools such as ASRS and SRS, help to some degree.展开更多
目的分析社交反应量表简版(social responsiveness scale short form,SRS-SF)的信效度,探讨其在中国孤独症儿童群体中的适用性。方法选取符合《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第5版(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,5...目的分析社交反应量表简版(social responsiveness scale short form,SRS-SF)的信效度,探讨其在中国孤独症儿童群体中的适用性。方法选取符合《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第5版(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,5th edition,DSM-5)诊断标准的孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)患儿140例,以及非孤独症谱系障碍(Non-ASD)儿童58例为研究对象。由父母或主要照养人根据孩子的情况填写SRS以及长处和困难问卷(strength and difficulty questionnaire,SDQ)家长版,并选取其中42例儿童的父母或主要照养人间隔3个月再次填写SRS,依据SRS-SF的条目内容对所得的数据进行信效度与受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)分析,以评估SRS-SF的适用性。结果①SRS-SF的内部一致性系数Cronbach'sα为0.879,重测系数为0.511;②SRS-SF各因子及总分与SRS之间呈高度正相关(r=0.853~0.960,P<0.001);③SRS-SF总分与SDQ中的困难总分以及亲社会行为呈中度相关(|r|=0.349~0.585,P<0.001);④ASD组的SRS-SF各因子及总分均高于Non-ASD组(t=-8.367^-2.841,P<0.01);⑤SRS-SF的ROC曲线下面积以及灵敏度高于SRS。结论SRS-SF在中国ASD儿童群体中具有良好的信效度,可作为一种有效的ASD早期筛查工具。展开更多
文摘Globally, the architectural profession faces complex challenges, bringing the transformation of the curriculum to the forefront of critical discourse. This article reflects on the Honors programme at the University of Pretoria Architecture Department during the first semester of 2016, where a research-based design approach has been established. In particular, the focus is on the informal settlement of Woodtane Village in Pretoria, situated on a contested site among private residential estates. From this study, it is argued that a research-based approach serves to prepare graduates for the complex decision-making and collaboration that is required for the development of socially responsive design.
基金supported by the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China (201302002 ClinicalTrials.gov Number NCT 02200679)
文摘The Autism Spectrum Rating Scale(ASRS) and the Social Responsiveness Scale(SRS) have been widely used for screening autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in the general population during epidemiological studies, but studies of individuals with intellectual disability(ID) are quite limited. Therefore, we recruited the parents/caregivers of 204 ASD cases, 71 ID cases aged 6–18 years from special education schools, and 402 typically developing(TD) children in the same age span from a communitybased population to complete the ASRS and SRS. The results showed that the ID group scored significantly lower on total and subscale scores than the ASD group on both scales(P \ 0.05) but higher than TD children(P \ 0.05).Receiver operating characteristic analyses demonstrated a similar fair performance in discriminating ASD from ID with the ASRS(area under the curve(AUC) = 0.709,sensitivity = 77.0%, specificity = 52.1%, positive predictive value(PPV) = 82.2%) and the SRS(AUC = 0.742,sensitivity = 59.8%, specificity = 77.5%, PPV = 88.4%).The results showed that individuals with ID had clear autistic traits and discriminating ASD from ID cases was quite challenging, while assessment tools such as ASRS and SRS, help to some degree.
文摘目的分析社交反应量表简版(social responsiveness scale short form,SRS-SF)的信效度,探讨其在中国孤独症儿童群体中的适用性。方法选取符合《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第5版(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,5th edition,DSM-5)诊断标准的孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)患儿140例,以及非孤独症谱系障碍(Non-ASD)儿童58例为研究对象。由父母或主要照养人根据孩子的情况填写SRS以及长处和困难问卷(strength and difficulty questionnaire,SDQ)家长版,并选取其中42例儿童的父母或主要照养人间隔3个月再次填写SRS,依据SRS-SF的条目内容对所得的数据进行信效度与受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)分析,以评估SRS-SF的适用性。结果①SRS-SF的内部一致性系数Cronbach'sα为0.879,重测系数为0.511;②SRS-SF各因子及总分与SRS之间呈高度正相关(r=0.853~0.960,P<0.001);③SRS-SF总分与SDQ中的困难总分以及亲社会行为呈中度相关(|r|=0.349~0.585,P<0.001);④ASD组的SRS-SF各因子及总分均高于Non-ASD组(t=-8.367^-2.841,P<0.01);⑤SRS-SF的ROC曲线下面积以及灵敏度高于SRS。结论SRS-SF在中国ASD儿童群体中具有良好的信效度,可作为一种有效的ASD早期筛查工具。
