在Through changing soaking temperature and soaking time, austenite grain growth behavior of X80 pipeline steel under different heating conditions was studied. Relationships of average grain size to soaking temperature...在Through changing soaking temperature and soaking time, austenite grain growth behavior of X80 pipeline steel under different heating conditions was studied. Relationships of average grain size to soaking temperature and time were obtained respectively. The results show that the prior austenite grains grow with the increase of soaking temperature and time. When soaking temperature is lower than 1 180 ℃, austenite grain size and growth rate are small; when it higher than 1 200 ℃, austenite grains grow rapidly and abnormal grain growth appears. For soaking at 1 180 ℃, austenite grain growth rate is initially high and then decreases when soaking time exceeds 1 h.展开更多
为揭示长期浸水长焰煤的自燃特性及影响机制,实验研究了长焰煤原始煤样和长期浸水风干煤样的低温氧化特性,分析了长期浸水对煤微观结构、氧化升温过程及活化能等方面的影响规律。研究结果表明:长期被水浸泡煤样的表面孔隙结构更发达,平...为揭示长期浸水长焰煤的自燃特性及影响机制,实验研究了长焰煤原始煤样和长期浸水风干煤样的低温氧化特性,分析了长期浸水对煤微观结构、氧化升温过程及活化能等方面的影响规律。研究结果表明:长期被水浸泡煤样的表面孔隙结构更发达,平均孔径、介孔孔容和微孔孔容都有不同程度的增大;同时,浸水煤样表面的部分有机物和无机物会溶解在水中,煤中自由基浓度增加,基团分布与原煤相比存在明显变化;与原煤样相比,经过90,180 d浸水过程后的煤体,低温氧化过程的气体产生量和产生速率更高,交叉点温度由原煤的160.9℃降低至157,151.5℃,活化能分别降低了3.84,4.18 k J/mol,表现出更高的自燃倾向性。研究结果可为西部浅埋藏近距离煤层群开采上覆采空区长期浸水煤的自燃防治提供借鉴。展开更多
RNA interference （RNAi） refers to the process of exogenous double-stranded RNA （dsRNA） silencing the complementary endogenous messenger RNA. RNAi has been widely used in entomological research for functional genom...RNA interference （RNAi） refers to the process of exogenous double-stranded RNA （dsRNA） silencing the complementary endogenous messenger RNA. RNAi has been widely used in entomological research for functional genomics in a variety of insects and its potential for RNAi-based pest control has been increasingly emphasized mainly because of its high specificity. This review focuses on the approaches of introducing dsRNA into insect cells or insect bodies to induce effective RNAi. The three most common delivery methods, namely, microinjection, ingestion, and soaking, are illustrated in details and their advantages and limitations are summarized for purpose of feasible RNAi research. In this review, we also briefly introduce the two possible dsRNA uptake machineries, other dsRNA delivery methods and the history of RNAi in entomology. Factors that influence the specificity and efficiency of RNAi such as transfection reagents, selection of dsRNA region, length, and stability of dsRNA in RNAi research are discussed for further studies.展开更多
基金Item Sponsored by National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China (2006BAE03A15)Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province of China (2006E0017Q)
文摘在Through changing soaking temperature and soaking time, austenite grain growth behavior of X80 pipeline steel under different heating conditions was studied. Relationships of average grain size to soaking temperature and time were obtained respectively. The results show that the prior austenite grains grow with the increase of soaking temperature and time. When soaking temperature is lower than 1 180 ℃, austenite grain size and growth rate are small; when it higher than 1 200 ℃, austenite grains grow rapidly and abnormal grain growth appears. For soaking at 1 180 ℃, austenite grain growth rate is initially high and then decreases when soaking time exceeds 1 h.
文摘为揭示长期浸水长焰煤的自燃特性及影响机制,实验研究了长焰煤原始煤样和长期浸水风干煤样的低温氧化特性,分析了长期浸水对煤微观结构、氧化升温过程及活化能等方面的影响规律。研究结果表明:长期被水浸泡煤样的表面孔隙结构更发达,平均孔径、介孔孔容和微孔孔容都有不同程度的增大;同时,浸水煤样表面的部分有机物和无机物会溶解在水中,煤中自由基浓度增加,基团分布与原煤相比存在明显变化;与原煤样相比,经过90,180 d浸水过程后的煤体,低温氧化过程的气体产生量和产生速率更高,交叉点温度由原煤的160.9℃降低至157,151.5℃,活化能分别降低了3.84,4.18 k J/mol,表现出更高的自燃倾向性。研究结果可为西部浅埋藏近距离煤层群开采上覆采空区长期浸水煤的自燃防治提供借鉴。
文摘RNA interference （RNAi） refers to the process of exogenous double-stranded RNA （dsRNA） silencing the complementary endogenous messenger RNA. RNAi has been widely used in entomological research for functional genomics in a variety of insects and its potential for RNAi-based pest control has been increasingly emphasized mainly because of its high specificity. This review focuses on the approaches of introducing dsRNA into insect cells or insect bodies to induce effective RNAi. The three most common delivery methods, namely, microinjection, ingestion, and soaking, are illustrated in details and their advantages and limitations are summarized for purpose of feasible RNAi research. In this review, we also briefly introduce the two possible dsRNA uptake machineries, other dsRNA delivery methods and the history of RNAi in entomology. Factors that influence the specificity and efficiency of RNAi such as transfection reagents, selection of dsRNA region, length, and stability of dsRNA in RNAi research are discussed for further studies.
