为了解决安时计量法不能估计初始荷电状态(SOC0)、难于准确测量库仑效率和电池可用容量变化的问题,提出折算库仑效率的定义,建立开路电压法、K a lm an滤波法和安时计量法的组合方法估计电池SOC。具体算法中,根据温度和老化对电池可用...为了解决安时计量法不能估计初始荷电状态(SOC0)、难于准确测量库仑效率和电池可用容量变化的问题,提出折算库仑效率的定义,建立开路电压法、K a lm an滤波法和安时计量法的组合方法估计电池SOC。具体算法中,根据温度和老化对电池可用容量的影响试验建立电池容量的影响因素模型,基于单变量电池模型实现K a lm an滤波。使用11 085 s的镍氢电池组FUDS试验数据验证方法精度,经与放电试验真实值比较得到的误差为2.3%,优于安时计量法的19.7%,满足电动汽车对SOC估计误差8%的使用要求。展开更多
Paludalfs under different crop rotation systems in North Huai region,China were sampled and soil aggregates were separated by ultra sonic dispersion followed by sedimentation and centrifuging.The particle size distrib...Paludalfs under different crop rotation systems in North Huai region,China were sampled and soil aggregates were separated by ultra sonic dispersion followed by sedimentation and centrifuging.The particle size distribution,SOC (Soil organic matter) contents and the natural abundance of 13 C in these aggregates were studied.Significant difference in size of the aggregates and organic carbon storage in the studied soils were found after 5 years of the crop rotation on the soil.SOC was mainly found in 0.02～0.25mm fraction of aggregates in the soils.The aggregates in layers deeper than 35cm became coarse and richer in SOC under corn peanut sweet potato rotation.Young carbon derived from corn tended to be accumulated in the coarse fractions as revealed by heavier stable carbon composition in those aggregates from deep layer under the rotation system containing corn crop.Compared to the soil under think pine forest,All soils under crop rotation system showed rapid increase of SOC at rates ranging from 0.14C g·kg -1 ·a -1 to 0 22C g·kg -1 ·a -1 ,with the highest under corn peanut sweet potato system.Thus,the significance was indicated for increasing SOC storage by crop rotation in paludalfs and for reinforcing terrestrial carbon retention of atmospheric CO 2.展开更多
文摘为了解决安时计量法不能估计初始荷电状态(SOC0)、难于准确测量库仑效率和电池可用容量变化的问题,提出折算库仑效率的定义,建立开路电压法、K a lm an滤波法和安时计量法的组合方法估计电池SOC。具体算法中,根据温度和老化对电池可用容量的影响试验建立电池容量的影响因素模型,基于单变量电池模型实现K a lm an滤波。使用11 085 s的镍氢电池组FUDS试验数据验证方法精度,经与放电试验真实值比较得到的误差为2.3%,优于安时计量法的19.7%,满足电动汽车对SOC估计误差8%的使用要求。
文摘Paludalfs under different crop rotation systems in North Huai region,China were sampled and soil aggregates were separated by ultra sonic dispersion followed by sedimentation and centrifuging.The particle size distribution,SOC (Soil organic matter) contents and the natural abundance of 13 C in these aggregates were studied.Significant difference in size of the aggregates and organic carbon storage in the studied soils were found after 5 years of the crop rotation on the soil.SOC was mainly found in 0.02～0.25mm fraction of aggregates in the soils.The aggregates in layers deeper than 35cm became coarse and richer in SOC under corn peanut sweet potato rotation.Young carbon derived from corn tended to be accumulated in the coarse fractions as revealed by heavier stable carbon composition in those aggregates from deep layer under the rotation system containing corn crop.Compared to the soil under think pine forest,All soils under crop rotation system showed rapid increase of SOC at rates ranging from 0.14C g·kg -1 ·a -1 to 0 22C g·kg -1 ·a -1 ,with the highest under corn peanut sweet potato system.Thus,the significance was indicated for increasing SOC storage by crop rotation in paludalfs and for reinforcing terrestrial carbon retention of atmospheric CO 2.
