本文采用ECMWF(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts)细网格和NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)模式数据、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、降雪加密观测和常规资料,对2022年初的5次降雪过...本文采用ECMWF(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts)细网格和NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)模式数据、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、降雪加密观测和常规资料,对2022年初的5次降雪过程进行对比分析,发现5次降雪过程均为雨转雪过程,且持续时间相对较短,平原为雨夹雪或小雪到中雪,山区中到大雪,局部暴雪,数值模式预报的积雪深度与实况相差甚远;大尺度环流形势为500 hPa中低纬南支槽或弱波动配合700 hPa上的暖湿气流和中低层冷空气,造成边界层浅薄的冷垫上温度骤降而在短时间内形成降雪;相较于平原地区,高山区上空温度层结与最大上升运动中心的配置,有利于降雪粒子较长时间维持在有利于枝状雪花的形成区域,且高山区云底云水含量显著偏低、整层温度足够低,故高山区更利于暴雪的形成。展开更多
The unprecedented disaster of low temperature and persistent rain, snow, and ice storms, causing widespread freezing in the Yangtze River Basin and southern China in January 2008, is not a local or regional event, but...The unprecedented disaster of low temperature and persistent rain, snow, and ice storms, causing widespread freezing in the Yangtze River Basin and southern China in January 2008, is not a local or regional event, but a part of the chain events of large-scale low temperature and snow storms in the same period in Asia. The severity and impacts of the southern China 2008 freezing disaster were the most significant among others. This disastrous event was characterized by three major features： （1） snowfall, freezing rain, and rainfall, the three forms of precipitation, coexisted with freezing rain being the dominant producer responsible for the disaster; （2） low temperature, rain and snow, and freezing rain exhibited extremely great intensity, with record-breaking measurements observed for eight meteorological variables based on the statistics made by China National Climate Center and the provincial meteorological services in the Yangtze River Basin and southern China; （3） the disastrous weathers persisted for an exceptionally long time period, unrecorded before in the meteorological observation history of China. The southern China 2008 freezing disaster may be resulted from multiple different factors that superimpose on and interlink with one another at the right time and place. Among them, the La Nina situation is a climate background that provided conducive conditions for the intrusions of cold air into southern China; the persistent anomaly of the atmospheric circulation in Eurasia is the direct cause for a succession of cold air incursions into southern China; and the northward transport of warm and moist airflows from the Bay of Bengal and South China Sea finally warranted the formation of the freezing rain and snow storms and their prolonged dominance in the southern areas of China. A preliminary discussion of a possible association of this disastrous event with the global warming is presented. This event may be viewed as a short-term regional perturbation to the global warming. There is not an展开更多
利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP再分析资料(1°×1°)、FY-2C卫星云图及呼和浩特多普勒天气雷达资料,从环流形势、物理量场及红外云图和雷达回波特征方面,对2015年11月5—6日和21—22日内蒙古自治区两次回流与倒槽作用引发的...利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP再分析资料(1°×1°)、FY-2C卫星云图及呼和浩特多普勒天气雷达资料,从环流形势、物理量场及红外云图和雷达回波特征方面,对2015年11月5—6日和21—22日内蒙古自治区两次回流与倒槽作用引发的暴雪过程进行分析。结果表明:500 h Pa西风槽、700 h Pa急流和切变线及地面倒槽是内蒙古自治区两次暴雪过程的主要影响系统,中尺度云团是造成两次暴雪过程的直接原因。700 h Pa急流对暖湿空气的输送及强烈的水汽辐合为暴雪产生提供了充足的水汽,700 h Pa急流越强且持续时间越长,降雪持续时间越长,降雪量也越大;系统性抬升为暴雪产生提供了动力条件,高低空急流耦合有利于上升运动加强,冷空气"楔入"构成低层冷垫,温度差异及其垂直切变导致动力锋生,锋面次级环流产生强烈的上升运动;暖湿气流在"冷空气楔"上爬升,"冷垫"与"暖盖"是暴雪产生的热力条件;最强降雪出现在锋区最强且开始减弱期间,暴雪区对应相当黑体温度低值中心(TBB≤220 K)、850 h Pa水汽辐合中心及最大上升运动中心;基本反射率因子达30—35 d Bz,可导致局部强降雪;径向速度图上零速度线呈"S"型结构,"牛眼"结构长时间存在可使降雪持续或加强。展开更多
文摘本文采用ECMWF(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts)细网格和NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)模式数据、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、降雪加密观测和常规资料,对2022年初的5次降雪过程进行对比分析,发现5次降雪过程均为雨转雪过程,且持续时间相对较短,平原为雨夹雪或小雪到中雪,山区中到大雪,局部暴雪,数值模式预报的积雪深度与实况相差甚远;大尺度环流形势为500 hPa中低纬南支槽或弱波动配合700 hPa上的暖湿气流和中低层冷空气,造成边界层浅薄的冷垫上温度骤降而在短时间内形成降雪;相较于平原地区,高山区上空温度层结与最大上升运动中心的配置,有利于降雪粒子较长时间维持在有利于枝状雪花的形成区域,且高山区云底云水含量显著偏低、整层温度足够低,故高山区更利于暴雪的形成。
基金Supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China (973 Program) under Grant No.2009CB421406the Research Program for the excellent Ph.D dissertation in the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.40523001.
文摘The unprecedented disaster of low temperature and persistent rain, snow, and ice storms, causing widespread freezing in the Yangtze River Basin and southern China in January 2008, is not a local or regional event, but a part of the chain events of large-scale low temperature and snow storms in the same period in Asia. The severity and impacts of the southern China 2008 freezing disaster were the most significant among others. This disastrous event was characterized by three major features： （1） snowfall, freezing rain, and rainfall, the three forms of precipitation, coexisted with freezing rain being the dominant producer responsible for the disaster; （2） low temperature, rain and snow, and freezing rain exhibited extremely great intensity, with record-breaking measurements observed for eight meteorological variables based on the statistics made by China National Climate Center and the provincial meteorological services in the Yangtze River Basin and southern China; （3） the disastrous weathers persisted for an exceptionally long time period, unrecorded before in the meteorological observation history of China. The southern China 2008 freezing disaster may be resulted from multiple different factors that superimpose on and interlink with one another at the right time and place. Among them, the La Nina situation is a climate background that provided conducive conditions for the intrusions of cold air into southern China; the persistent anomaly of the atmospheric circulation in Eurasia is the direct cause for a succession of cold air incursions into southern China; and the northward transport of warm and moist airflows from the Bay of Bengal and South China Sea finally warranted the formation of the freezing rain and snow storms and their prolonged dominance in the southern areas of China. A preliminary discussion of a possible association of this disastrous event with the global warming is presented. This event may be viewed as a short-term regional perturbation to the global warming. There is not an
文摘利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP再分析资料(1°×1°)、FY-2C卫星云图及呼和浩特多普勒天气雷达资料,从环流形势、物理量场及红外云图和雷达回波特征方面,对2015年11月5—6日和21—22日内蒙古自治区两次回流与倒槽作用引发的暴雪过程进行分析。结果表明:500 h Pa西风槽、700 h Pa急流和切变线及地面倒槽是内蒙古自治区两次暴雪过程的主要影响系统,中尺度云团是造成两次暴雪过程的直接原因。700 h Pa急流对暖湿空气的输送及强烈的水汽辐合为暴雪产生提供了充足的水汽,700 h Pa急流越强且持续时间越长,降雪持续时间越长,降雪量也越大;系统性抬升为暴雪产生提供了动力条件,高低空急流耦合有利于上升运动加强,冷空气"楔入"构成低层冷垫,温度差异及其垂直切变导致动力锋生,锋面次级环流产生强烈的上升运动;暖湿气流在"冷空气楔"上爬升,"冷垫"与"暖盖"是暴雪产生的热力条件;最强降雪出现在锋区最强且开始减弱期间,暴雪区对应相当黑体温度低值中心(TBB≤220 K)、850 h Pa水汽辐合中心及最大上升运动中心;基本反射率因子达30—35 d Bz,可导致局部强降雪;径向速度图上零速度线呈"S"型结构,"牛眼"结构长时间存在可使降雪持续或加强。
