Greenhouse cultivation has evolved from simple covered rows of open-fields crops to highly sophisticated controlled environment agriculture(CEA)facilities that projected the image of plant factories for urban agricult...Greenhouse cultivation has evolved from simple covered rows of open-fields crops to highly sophisticated controlled environment agriculture(CEA)facilities that projected the image of plant factories for urban agriculture.The advances and improvements in CEA have promoted the scientific solutions for the efficient production of plants in populated cities and multi-story buildings.Successful deployment of CEA for urban agriculture requires many components and subsystems,as well as the understanding of the external influencing factors that should be systematically considered and integrated.This review is an attempt to highlight some of the most recent advances in greenhouse technology and CEA in order to raise the awareness for technology transfer and adaptation,which is necessary for a successful transition to urban agriculture.This study reviewed several aspects of a high-tech CEA system including improvements in the frame and covering materials,environment perception and data sharing,and advanced microclimate control and energy optimization models.This research highlighted urban agriculture and its derivatives,including vertical farming,rooftop greenhouses and plant factories which are the extensions of CEA and have emerged as a response to the growing population,environmental degradation,and urbanization that are threatening food security.Finally,several opportunities and challenges have been identified in implementing the integrated CEA and vertical farming for urban agriculture.展开更多
In the process of transition from agricultural society to industrial society,which started with the Industrial Revolution in England,the mechanization process experienced five different stages and in the last stage,wi...In the process of transition from agricultural society to industrial society,which started with the Industrial Revolution in England,the mechanization process experienced five different stages and in the last stage,with the development of computers,automation in production was achieved.While developments in a certain region or country of the world spread to other parts of the world with technological spread,technological revolutions also spread and paradigm changes occurred.With the development of information processing technologies,productivity has started to increase with the use of automation and robot technology in production.This process,which continued until the 2010s,is thought to lead to the formation of smart factories that can produce under the dominance of robots,after the new point reached in artificial intelligence and robot technology,and this development will further increase productivity in production.Intelligent robots working in the internet of things system will be able to work with greater power and longer periods than humans,and smart factories that are almost never shut down will emerge.In the transformation in this process,which is also called robonomics,changes in the theory of economy may occur and a new economic order may emerge.The question of why behind-the-scenes countries,such as Turkey,could not catch up with the leading ones,is another matter of discussion.However,in such periods of technological paradigm change,an opportunity arises for lagging countries for their economic development.On the other hand,we can say that Turkey will either be able to catch up with the technological level of developed countries by taking advantage of the opportunity,by means of a step-by-step technological development,or it will continue to stay among the countries that lag behind by missing the opportunity.展开更多
文摘Greenhouse cultivation has evolved from simple covered rows of open-fields crops to highly sophisticated controlled environment agriculture(CEA)facilities that projected the image of plant factories for urban agriculture.The advances and improvements in CEA have promoted the scientific solutions for the efficient production of plants in populated cities and multi-story buildings.Successful deployment of CEA for urban agriculture requires many components and subsystems,as well as the understanding of the external influencing factors that should be systematically considered and integrated.This review is an attempt to highlight some of the most recent advances in greenhouse technology and CEA in order to raise the awareness for technology transfer and adaptation,which is necessary for a successful transition to urban agriculture.This study reviewed several aspects of a high-tech CEA system including improvements in the frame and covering materials,environment perception and data sharing,and advanced microclimate control and energy optimization models.This research highlighted urban agriculture and its derivatives,including vertical farming,rooftop greenhouses and plant factories which are the extensions of CEA and have emerged as a response to the growing population,environmental degradation,and urbanization that are threatening food security.Finally,several opportunities and challenges have been identified in implementing the integrated CEA and vertical farming for urban agriculture.
文摘In the process of transition from agricultural society to industrial society,which started with the Industrial Revolution in England,the mechanization process experienced five different stages and in the last stage,with the development of computers,automation in production was achieved.While developments in a certain region or country of the world spread to other parts of the world with technological spread,technological revolutions also spread and paradigm changes occurred.With the development of information processing technologies,productivity has started to increase with the use of automation and robot technology in production.This process,which continued until the 2010s,is thought to lead to the formation of smart factories that can produce under the dominance of robots,after the new point reached in artificial intelligence and robot technology,and this development will further increase productivity in production.Intelligent robots working in the internet of things system will be able to work with greater power and longer periods than humans,and smart factories that are almost never shut down will emerge.In the transformation in this process,which is also called robonomics,changes in the theory of economy may occur and a new economic order may emerge.The question of why behind-the-scenes countries,such as Turkey,could not catch up with the leading ones,is another matter of discussion.However,in such periods of technological paradigm change,an opportunity arises for lagging countries for their economic development.On the other hand,we can say that Turkey will either be able to catch up with the technological level of developed countries by taking advantage of the opportunity,by means of a step-by-step technological development,or it will continue to stay among the countries that lag behind by missing the opportunity.
