The aim of this study is to determine the effects of deficit irrigation on nitrogen consumption,yield,and quality in grafted and ungrafted watermelon.The study was conducted in Cukurova region,Eastern Mediterranean,Tu...The aim of this study is to determine the effects of deficit irrigation on nitrogen consumption,yield,and quality in grafted and ungrafted watermelon.The study was conducted in Cukurova region,Eastern Mediterranean,Turkey,between 2006 and 2008,and employed 3 irrigation rates（full irrigation（l_（100）） with no stress,moderate irrigation（Dl_（70））,and low irrigation（Dl_（50））;Dl_（70） and Dl_（50） were considered deficit irrigation） on grafted（CTJ,Crimson Tide＋Jumbo） and the ungrafted（CT,Crimson Tide） watermelon.The amount of irrigation water（IR） applied to the study plots were calculated based on cumulative pan evaporation that occurred during the irrigation intervals.Nitrogen consumption was 16%lower in CTJ plants than in CT plants.On the other hand,consumption of nitrogen was 28%higher in Dl_（50） plants than in Dl_（70） plants while it was 23%higher in Dl_（50） plants than in l_（100） plants.By grafting,the average amount of nitrogen content in seeds,pulps and peels for CTJ was 30,43 and 56%more than those of CT,respectively.The yield and the quality were not significantly affected by the deficit irrigation.In this respect,grafting of watermelon gave higher yield,but,it had a slight effect on fruit quality.The highest yield values of 16.90 and 19.32 kg plant^（-1） in 2008 were obtained with l_（100）and in CTJ plants,respectively.However,Dl_（50） treatment could be taken into account for the development of reduced irrigation strategies in semiarid regions where irrigation water supplies are limited.Additionally,the yield increased by applying CTJ treatment to the watermelon production.展开更多
The semi-solid slurry of A356 alloy, which is grain-refined by Al-Ti-B master alloy, is prepared by low superheat pouring and slight electromagnetic stirring. The effects of grain refining on the morphology and the gr...The semi-solid slurry of A356 alloy, which is grain-refined by Al-Ti-B master alloy, is prepared by low superheat pouring and slight electromagnetic stirring. The effects of grain refining on the morphology and the grain size of the primary α phase in the slurry manufactured are researched. The results indicate that the slurry with particle-like and rosette-like primary α phases can be prepared by low superheat pouring and slight electromagnetic stirring from liquid A356 alloy grain-refined, in which the pouring temperature can be suitably raised. Compared with the A356 samples without grain refining, the grain size and particle morphology of primary α phase as well as the distribution of the grain with particle-like or rosette-like along radial in the ingot in A356 are markedly improved by grain refining.展开更多
The lack of knowledge concerning modelling existing buildings leads to significant variability in fragility curves for single or grouped existing buildings. This study aims to investigate the uncertainties of fragilit...The lack of knowledge concerning modelling existing buildings leads to significant variability in fragility curves for single or grouped existing buildings. This study aims to investigate the uncertainties of fragility curves, with special consideration of the single-building sigma. Experimental data and simplified models are applied to the BRD tower in Bucharest, Romania, a RC building with permanent instrumentation. A three-step methodology is applied： （1） adjustment of a linear MDOF model for experimental modal analysis using a Timoshenko beam model and based on Anderson＇s criteria, （2） computation of the structure＇s response to a large set of accelerograms simulated by SIMQKE software, considering twelve ground motion parameters as intensity measurements （IM）, and （3） construction of the fragility curves by comparing numerical interstory drift with the threshold criteria provided by the Hazus methodology for the slight damage state. By introducing experimental data into the model, uncertainty is reduced to 0.02 considering Sd ） as seismic intensity IM and uncertainty related to the model is assessed at 0.03. These values must be compared with the total uncertainty value of around 0.7 provided by the Hazus methodology.展开更多
A slight interfacial reaction in squeeze-cast SiCp/6061AI composites has been studied. It is found that this kind of reaction has a particular effect on the mechanical properties of the composites. The results of fie-...A slight interfacial reaction in squeeze-cast SiCp/6061AI composites has been studied. It is found that this kind of reaction has a particular effect on the mechanical properties of the composites. The results of fie-cure tests show that this reaction in the composites obviously increases the elastic properties, but is not beneficial to the fracture strength and ductility.This phenomenon can be interpreted in terms of two different micromechanisms which have been analyzed using TEM and HREM observations, acoustic emission (AE) technique and SEM fractography. In addition, a new method of SiC surface modification which can control the interface state is initially presented.展开更多
The impact of increased shading stress on agronomic traits,photosynthetic performance and antioxidants activities in leaves of two soybeans cultivars(D16 and E93)was studied.Soybean seedlings were grown in pots and ex...The impact of increased shading stress on agronomic traits,photosynthetic performance and antioxidants activities in leaves of two soybeans cultivars(D16 and E93)was studied.Soybean seedlings were grown in pots and exposed to no shade(S0),slight shade(S1),moderate shade(S2),and heavy shade(S3).Our findings showed that under the S3 in both cultivars,leaf fresh weight(LFW),specific leaf area(SLA)and leaf thickness decreased signifiantly,accompanied by a reduction in photochemical parameters including the maximum quantum yield(Fv/Fm)and electron transport rate(ETR).Furthermore,compared to SO,S1 significantly increased the ETR,sucrose content and the activity of catalase(CAT)in both D16 and E93 cultivars while S2 and S3 decreased the activity.However,under all treatments of shading stress,the antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)were lowered in both cultivars.Such morphological and physiological plasticity to adapt S1 compensates for the decrease in biomass and leads to seed weight compared to that obtained with an amount of normal light.Through configuring the space in the intercropping systems,S1 could be helpful for optimum growth and yield.Redesigning photosynthesis through S1 for the intercropping systems could be a smart approach.展开更多
In order to study the size effect on the AE rate ’a’ value,three kinds of mix ratios were set up by different particle sizes and water cement ratios,45 cement mortar specimens with five different heights were tested...In order to study the size effect on the AE rate ’a’ value,three kinds of mix ratios were set up by different particle sizes and water cement ratios,45 cement mortar specimens with five different heights were tested under axial compression.And the whole damage processes were monitored by full-digital acoustic emission acquisition system,followed by an analysis of mechanical behavior and AE activity.The experimental results show that the height of the cement specimen has significant effects on the compressive strength and the acoustic emission rate ’a’ value,but a slight effect on the accumulated AE hits number,which is analyzed from aspects of failure process of cement mortar specimens.展开更多
Since the publication of the empirical electron theory by the author in 1978, five groups of scientific workers have applied it: (ⅰ) to the calculation of the cohesive energies of alkaline metals and alkaline earths...Since the publication of the empirical electron theory by the author in 1978, five groups of scientific workers have applied it: (ⅰ) to the calculation of the cohesive energies of alkaline metals and alkaline earths, (ⅱ) to the analysis of Cooper’s experimental and theoretical values of outer shell electron distributions in CoAl and NiAl, (ⅲ) to the development of a new theory on the formation and growth of pearlite in展开更多
For the first time the vector differential equation of central motion of single electron in electric field of an atomic nucleus as in external central electric field is set up and solved. Here the following findings a...For the first time the vector differential equation of central motion of single electron in electric field of an atomic nucleus as in external central electric field is set up and solved. Here the following findings are reported. Each of single electrons of a part of atoms of atomic gas of hydrogen and a part of hydrogen-like ions in the form of a gas or a vapour revolves around corresponding atomic nucleus in a flat spiral which has an interior maximum of turns density. The distance between each of these single electrons and corresponding atomic nucleus increases while a speed of single electron decreases. Such motion of single electrons takes place with no expenditures of external energy and points to decays of foregoing parts of atoms and ions. The electric field strength of the atomic nuclei of atoms of atomic gas of hydrogen and hydrogen-like ions in the form of a gas or a vapour is inversely proportional to the distance between the atomic nucleus and the corresponding single electron by greater than the power of 3. Calculated cyclic frequency (rough value 3.5×1014 s-1) of revolution of the electron around the nucleus of atom of atomic gas of hydrogen (in interior maximum of turns density of the flat spiral), which moves at speed 2.2×106 ms-1, and central cyclic frequency of α-line of Balmer series (4.5×1014 s-1) have the same order of magnitude. This fact and line structure of experimental emission line spectra confirm the formation of all lines of these spectra by continuous slight emission of light front by single electrons. The formation of series of lines of emission line spectra is linked to repeated creations of atoms of atomic gas of hydrogen and hydrogen-like ions in the form of a gas or a vapour.展开更多
We present an experimental study of multi-Raman gain resonances in a hot rubidium vapor.The experiment is performed based on a high-efficiency four-wave mixing process due to the Raman-driven coherence in a double-A c...We present an experimental study of multi-Raman gain resonances in a hot rubidium vapor.The experiment is performed based on a high-efficiency four-wave mixing process due to the Raman-driven coherence in a double-A configuration.The Raman gain resonance for ^（85）Rb atoms under a bias magnetic field is shown to be split into five or six peaks,depending on the orientation of the magnetic field.The formed multi-Raman gain resonances have potential applications in measurement of magnetic fields and generation of multi-frequency correlated twin beams.展开更多
In this work,air plasma surface treatment followed by oxidation in an atmospheric environment was used to generate activated low-density polyethylene(LDPE)with oxygen-containing functional groups and peroxide radicals...In this work,air plasma surface treatment followed by oxidation in an atmospheric environment was used to generate activated low-density polyethylene(LDPE)with oxygen-containing functional groups and peroxide radicals.The resulting samples were then studied by using attenuated total internal reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method.Peroxide radicals are generally considered active substances which can initiate the crosslinking reaction.Melt mixing of the surface-treated LDPE allowed activated polymer chains with peroxide radicals to initiate the crosslinking reaction,and the maximum gel fraction obtained was 4.1%.The rheological behaviors,including viscosity,storage and loss moduli,loss tangent,and Cole-Cole plots,of the slightly crosslinked LDPE were studied,and the results of tensile experiments revealed that the formation of slightly crosslinked structures can improve yield and fracture stresses without sacrificing the breakage strain.展开更多
In this paper,we discuss the numerical accuracy of asymptotic homogenization method(AHM)and multiscale finite element method(MsFEM)for periodic composite materials.Through numerical calculation of the model problems f...In this paper,we discuss the numerical accuracy of asymptotic homogenization method(AHM)and multiscale finite element method(MsFEM)for periodic composite materials.Through numerical calculation of the model problems for four kinds of typical periodic composite materials,the main factors to determine the accuracy of first-order AHM and second-order AHM are found,and the physical interpretation of these factors is given.Furthermore,the way to recover multiscale solutions of first-order AHM and MsFEM is theoretically analyzed,and it is found that first-order AHM and MsFEM provide similar multiscale solutions under some assumptions.Finally,numerical experiments verify that MsFEM is essentially a first-order multiscale method for periodic composite materials.展开更多
The climatic history of China during recent centuries are not known in detail, though there exist many indirect evidences of the significant climatic change. Dendroclimatic analysis presents a very promising method to...The climatic history of China during recent centuries are not known in detail, though there exist many indirect evidences of the significant climatic change. Dendroclimatic analysis presents a very promising method to acquire information on the chronology展开更多
On January 19,National Bureau of Statistics announced that births in 2015 were 16.55 million,a slight drop of 320 000 compared to 2014.How should we consider the reduction of births after implementation of the selecti...On January 19,National Bureau of Statistics announced that births in 2015 were 16.55 million,a slight drop of 320 000 compared to 2014.How should we consider the reduction of births after implementation of the selective two-child policy？展开更多
L—Tryptophan（1—amino—28—[3—indoylyl]—propionic acid,2—[3-indoylyl]—（?）—a lanine） The amino acid G6H4 NHCHCCH2CHNH2COOH is neutral and aromatie of ahite or slight yellow color, leaflets crystal, or poader;...L—Tryptophan（1—amino—28—[3—indoylyl]—propionic acid,2—[3-indoylyl]—（?）—a lanine） The amino acid G6H4 NHCHCCH2CHNH2COOH is neutral and aromatie of ahite or slight yellow color, leaflets crystal, or poader; m.p.275～290 （dec,）; speciftc rotation [（?）]D20=-31.5′（C=1,for water）; p1=5.89; soluble in water, dilue acid and basic solutions, It is decomposed when heated展开更多
From 1959 to October 1986,the au-thors treated 168 cases of neurotic headacheby injecting 5% novocain into certainacupoints with satisfactory results as re-ported below.GENERAL DATAThe cases in the present series were...From 1959 to October 1986,the au-thors treated 168 cases of neurotic headacheby injecting 5% novocain into certainacupoints with satisfactory results as re-ported below.GENERAL DATAThe cases in the present series were ei-ther inpatients or outpatients diagnosed by aneurologist as having neurotic headache.Symptoms included pain in the forehead。展开更多
A systematical study of the structural relaxation and crystallization processes of metallic glasses is very important in understanding the thermal stability of these mate-
基金the University of cukurova,Turkey,for providing funding through the Scientific Research Projects of Qukurova University(ZF2006D16 and ZF2008BAP1)
文摘The aim of this study is to determine the effects of deficit irrigation on nitrogen consumption,yield,and quality in grafted and ungrafted watermelon.The study was conducted in Cukurova region,Eastern Mediterranean,Turkey,between 2006 and 2008,and employed 3 irrigation rates（full irrigation（l_（100）） with no stress,moderate irrigation（Dl_（70））,and low irrigation（Dl_（50））;Dl_（70） and Dl_（50） were considered deficit irrigation） on grafted（CTJ,Crimson Tide＋Jumbo） and the ungrafted（CT,Crimson Tide） watermelon.The amount of irrigation water（IR） applied to the study plots were calculated based on cumulative pan evaporation that occurred during the irrigation intervals.Nitrogen consumption was 16%lower in CTJ plants than in CT plants.On the other hand,consumption of nitrogen was 28%higher in Dl_（50） plants than in Dl_（70） plants while it was 23%higher in Dl_（50） plants than in l_（100） plants.By grafting,the average amount of nitrogen content in seeds,pulps and peels for CTJ was 30,43 and 56%more than those of CT,respectively.The yield and the quality were not significantly affected by the deficit irrigation.In this respect,grafting of watermelon gave higher yield,but,it had a slight effect on fruit quality.The highest yield values of 16.90 and 19.32 kg plant^（-1） in 2008 were obtained with l_（100）and in CTJ plants,respectively.However,Dl_（50） treatment could be taken into account for the development of reduced irrigation strategies in semiarid regions where irrigation water supplies are limited.Additionally,the yield increased by applying CTJ treatment to the watermelon production.
基金financially supported by National High Technical Research and Development Program of China(No.G2002AA336080)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50374012)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.0650047).
文摘The semi-solid slurry of A356 alloy, which is grain-refined by Al-Ti-B master alloy, is prepared by low superheat pouring and slight electromagnetic stirring. The effects of grain refining on the morphology and the grain size of the primary α phase in the slurry manufactured are researched. The results indicate that the slurry with particle-like and rosette-like primary α phases can be prepared by low superheat pouring and slight electromagnetic stirring from liquid A356 alloy grain-refined, in which the pouring temperature can be suitably raised. Compared with the A356 samples without grain refining, the grain size and particle morphology of primary α phase as well as the distribution of the grain with particle-like or rosette-like along radial in the ingot in A356 are markedly improved by grain refining.
基金the ANR National Research Agency as Part of Its RiskNat Program(URBASIS project)under Grant No.ANR-09-RISK-009the Rh ne-Alpes Regional Council(Programme Vulnerabilitédes Ouvrages aux Risques)and the Joseph Fourier Université(Grenoble 1)
文摘The lack of knowledge concerning modelling existing buildings leads to significant variability in fragility curves for single or grouped existing buildings. This study aims to investigate the uncertainties of fragility curves, with special consideration of the single-building sigma. Experimental data and simplified models are applied to the BRD tower in Bucharest, Romania, a RC building with permanent instrumentation. A three-step methodology is applied： （1） adjustment of a linear MDOF model for experimental modal analysis using a Timoshenko beam model and based on Anderson＇s criteria, （2） computation of the structure＇s response to a large set of accelerograms simulated by SIMQKE software, considering twelve ground motion parameters as intensity measurements （IM）, and （3） construction of the fragility curves by comparing numerical interstory drift with the threshold criteria provided by the Hazus methodology for the slight damage state. By introducing experimental data into the model, uncertainty is reduced to 0.02 considering Sd ） as seismic intensity IM and uncertainty related to the model is assessed at 0.03. These values must be compared with the total uncertainty value of around 0.7 provided by the Hazus methodology.
文摘A slight interfacial reaction in squeeze-cast SiCp/6061AI composites has been studied. It is found that this kind of reaction has a particular effect on the mechanical properties of the composites. The results of fie-cure tests show that this reaction in the composites obviously increases the elastic properties, but is not beneficial to the fracture strength and ductility.This phenomenon can be interpreted in terms of two different micromechanisms which have been analyzed using TEM and HREM observations, acoustic emission (AE) technique and SEM fractography. In addition, a new method of SiC surface modification which can control the interface state is initially presented.
基金Funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000905).
文摘The impact of increased shading stress on agronomic traits,photosynthetic performance and antioxidants activities in leaves of two soybeans cultivars(D16 and E93)was studied.Soybean seedlings were grown in pots and exposed to no shade(S0),slight shade(S1),moderate shade(S2),and heavy shade(S3).Our findings showed that under the S3 in both cultivars,leaf fresh weight(LFW),specific leaf area(SLA)and leaf thickness decreased signifiantly,accompanied by a reduction in photochemical parameters including the maximum quantum yield(Fv/Fm)and electron transport rate(ETR).Furthermore,compared to SO,S1 significantly increased the ETR,sucrose content and the activity of catalase(CAT)in both D16 and E93 cultivars while S2 and S3 decreased the activity.However,under all treatments of shading stress,the antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)were lowered in both cultivars.Such morphological and physiological plasticity to adapt S1 compensates for the decrease in biomass and leads to seed weight compared to that obtained with an amount of normal light.Through configuring the space in the intercropping systems,S1 could be helpful for optimum growth and yield.Redesigning photosynthesis through S1 for the intercropping systems could be a smart approach.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51009058)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.2011M501160)
文摘In order to study the size effect on the AE rate ’a’ value,three kinds of mix ratios were set up by different particle sizes and water cement ratios,45 cement mortar specimens with five different heights were tested under axial compression.And the whole damage processes were monitored by full-digital acoustic emission acquisition system,followed by an analysis of mechanical behavior and AE activity.The experimental results show that the height of the cement specimen has significant effects on the compressive strength and the acoustic emission rate ’a’ value,but a slight effect on the accumulated AE hits number,which is analyzed from aspects of failure process of cement mortar specimens.
文摘Since the publication of the empirical electron theory by the author in 1978, five groups of scientific workers have applied it: (ⅰ) to the calculation of the cohesive energies of alkaline metals and alkaline earths, (ⅱ) to the analysis of Cooper’s experimental and theoretical values of outer shell electron distributions in CoAl and NiAl, (ⅲ) to the development of a new theory on the formation and growth of pearlite in
文摘For the first time the vector differential equation of central motion of single electron in electric field of an atomic nucleus as in external central electric field is set up and solved. Here the following findings are reported. Each of single electrons of a part of atoms of atomic gas of hydrogen and a part of hydrogen-like ions in the form of a gas or a vapour revolves around corresponding atomic nucleus in a flat spiral which has an interior maximum of turns density. The distance between each of these single electrons and corresponding atomic nucleus increases while a speed of single electron decreases. Such motion of single electrons takes place with no expenditures of external energy and points to decays of foregoing parts of atoms and ions. The electric field strength of the atomic nuclei of atoms of atomic gas of hydrogen and hydrogen-like ions in the form of a gas or a vapour is inversely proportional to the distance between the atomic nucleus and the corresponding single electron by greater than the power of 3. Calculated cyclic frequency (rough value 3.5×1014 s-1) of revolution of the electron around the nucleus of atom of atomic gas of hydrogen (in interior maximum of turns density of the flat spiral), which moves at speed 2.2×106 ms-1, and central cyclic frequency of α-line of Balmer series (4.5×1014 s-1) have the same order of magnitude. This fact and line structure of experimental emission line spectra confirm the formation of all lines of these spectra by continuous slight emission of light front by single electrons. The formation of series of lines of emission line spectra is linked to repeated creations of atoms of atomic gas of hydrogen and hydrogen-like ions in the form of a gas or a vapour.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11374238,11574247,and 11534008)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.xjj2014097)
文摘We present an experimental study of multi-Raman gain resonances in a hot rubidium vapor.The experiment is performed based on a high-efficiency four-wave mixing process due to the Raman-driven coherence in a double-A configuration.The Raman gain resonance for ^（85）Rb atoms under a bias magnetic field is shown to be split into five or six peaks,depending on the orientation of the magnetic field.The formed multi-Raman gain resonances have potential applications in measurement of magnetic fields and generation of multi-frequency correlated twin beams.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51473113)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (No.12JCYBJC11900)
文摘In this work,air plasma surface treatment followed by oxidation in an atmospheric environment was used to generate activated low-density polyethylene(LDPE)with oxygen-containing functional groups and peroxide radicals.The resulting samples were then studied by using attenuated total internal reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method.Peroxide radicals are generally considered active substances which can initiate the crosslinking reaction.Melt mixing of the surface-treated LDPE allowed activated polymer chains with peroxide radicals to initiate the crosslinking reaction,and the maximum gel fraction obtained was 4.1%.The rheological behaviors,including viscosity,storage and loss moduli,loss tangent,and Cole-Cole plots,of the slightly crosslinked LDPE were studied,and the results of tensile experiments revealed that the formation of slightly crosslinked structures can improve yield and fracture stresses without sacrificing the breakage strain.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11501449 and 11471262)the Center for high performance computing of Northwestern Polytechnical University.
文摘In this paper,we discuss the numerical accuracy of asymptotic homogenization method(AHM)and multiscale finite element method(MsFEM)for periodic composite materials.Through numerical calculation of the model problems for four kinds of typical periodic composite materials,the main factors to determine the accuracy of first-order AHM and second-order AHM are found,and the physical interpretation of these factors is given.Furthermore,the way to recover multiscale solutions of first-order AHM and MsFEM is theoretically analyzed,and it is found that first-order AHM and MsFEM provide similar multiscale solutions under some assumptions.Finally,numerical experiments verify that MsFEM is essentially a first-order multiscale method for periodic composite materials.
文摘The climatic history of China during recent centuries are not known in detail, though there exist many indirect evidences of the significant climatic change. Dendroclimatic analysis presents a very promising method to acquire information on the chronology
文摘On January 19,National Bureau of Statistics announced that births in 2015 were 16.55 million,a slight drop of 320 000 compared to 2014.How should we consider the reduction of births after implementation of the selective two-child policy？
文摘L—Tryptophan（1—amino—28—[3—indoylyl]—propionic acid,2—[3-indoylyl]—（?）—a lanine） The amino acid G6H4 NHCHCCH2CHNH2COOH is neutral and aromatie of ahite or slight yellow color, leaflets crystal, or poader; m.p.275～290 （dec,）; speciftc rotation [（?）]D20=-31.5′（C=1,for water）; p1=5.89; soluble in water, dilue acid and basic solutions, It is decomposed when heated
文摘From 1959 to October 1986,the au-thors treated 168 cases of neurotic headacheby injecting 5% novocain into certainacupoints with satisfactory results as re-ported below.GENERAL DATAThe cases in the present series were ei-ther inpatients or outpatients diagnosed by aneurologist as having neurotic headache.Symptoms included pain in the forehead。
文摘A systematical study of the structural relaxation and crystallization processes of metallic glasses is very important in understanding the thermal stability of these mate-
