采集全国22种典型土壤,通过室内土柱试验,探讨雨水(p H 5.6)作用下污染土壤Hg(外源添加2mg/kg)的淋溶和释放特征,并对影响土壤Hg淋溶特性的因子进行分析.结果表明,22种土壤Hg的释放过程大致分为3类,第1类包括黑土?黑钙土?草毡土?水稻土...采集全国22种典型土壤,通过室内土柱试验,探讨雨水(p H 5.6)作用下污染土壤Hg(外源添加2mg/kg)的淋溶和释放特征,并对影响土壤Hg淋溶特性的因子进行分析.结果表明,22种土壤Hg的释放过程大致分为3类,第1类包括黑土?黑钙土?草毡土?水稻土?暗棕壤?福州黄壤?黄泥土?栗钙土,这8种土壤在整个淋溶过程中淋出液Hg浓度极低,未超过地下水III级标准(1μg/L).第2类包括广西红壤?贵州黄壤?棕壤?灰钙土?黄绵土等5种土壤,淋溶前期(2~3L)Hg含量较低,到淋溶中期含量显著上升,随后出现下降,到淋溶末期(5~6L)淋溶液Hg含量降低到III级标准以下.第3类土壤包括砖红壤?黄棕壤?紫色土?褐土?赤红壤?潮土?盐碱土?江西红壤?棕漠土等9种土壤,淋溶过程呈现2个阶段,当淋溶体积在4L之内,淋出液中Hg浓度较高,且变化比较剧烈,对环境及地下水威胁较大,超出4L后,Hg释放速率明显变缓,浓度降低到III级标准以下.模拟降雨条件下22种土壤Hg的释放率为0.33%~5.95%,最高的是贵州黄壤,最低是吉林黑土,平均为1.55%.逐步回归分析的结果表明,土壤有机质(OM)?p H及土壤汞含量(THg)对降雨作用下土壤Hg累计释放量(q)有重要作用,三者累计的决定系数为0.5865,回归方程为lnq=1.8+0.62ln THg-0.109p H-0.918ln展开更多
This study presents the deep removal of copper (Ⅱ) from the simulated cobalt electrolyte using fabricated polystyrene-supported 2-aminomethylpyridine chelating resin (PS-AMP) in a fixed-bed.The effects of bed height ...This study presents the deep removal of copper (Ⅱ) from the simulated cobalt electrolyte using fabricated polystyrene-supported 2-aminomethylpyridine chelating resin (PS-AMP) in a fixed-bed.The effects of bed height (7.0–14.0 cm),feed flow rate (4.5–9.0 mL/min),initial copper (Ⅱ) concentration of the feed (250–1000 mg/L),feed temperature (25–40 ℃) and the value of pH (2.0–4.0) on the adsorption process of the PS-AMP resin were investigated.The experimental data showed that the PS-AMP resin can deeply eliminate copper (Ⅱ) from the simulated cobalt electrolyte.The bed height,feed flow rate,initial copper (Ⅱ) concentration of the feed,feed temperature and feed pH value which corresponded to the highest removal of copper (Ⅱ) were 7.0 cm with 35 mm of the column diameter,4.5 mL/min,40℃,1000 mg/L and 4.0,respectively.The breakthrough capacity,the saturated capacity of the column and the mass ratio of Cu/Co (g/g) in the saturated resin were correspondingly 16.51 mg/g dry resin,61.72 mg/g dry resin and 37.67 under the optimal experimental conditions.The copper (Ⅱ) breakthrough curves were fitted by the empirical models of Thomas,Yoon-Nelson and Adam-Bohart,respectively.The Thomas model was found to be the most suitable one for predicting how the concentration of copper (Ⅱ) in the effluent changes with the adsorption time.展开更多
Commonly used recharge water resources for artificial groundwater recharge(AGR)such as secondary effluent(SE),river water and rainfall,are all oligotrophic,with low ionic strengths and different cationic compositions....Commonly used recharge water resources for artificial groundwater recharge(AGR)such as secondary effluent(SE),river water and rainfall,are all oligotrophic,with low ionic strengths and different cationic compositions.The dwelling process in recharge pond imposed physiologic stress on Escherichia coli(E.coli)cells,in all three types of investigated recharge water resources and the cultivation of E.coli under varying recharge water conditions,induced changes in cell properties.During adaptation to the recharge water environment,the zeta potential of cells became more negative,the hydrodynamic diameters,extracellular polymeric substances content and surface hydrophobicity decreased,while the cellular outer membrane protein profiles became more diverse.The mobility of cells altered in accordance with changes in these cell properties.The E.coli cells in rainfall recharge water displayed the highest mobility(least retention),followed by cells in river water and finally SE cells,which had the lowest mobility.Simulated column experiments and quantitative modeling confirmed that the cellular properties,driven by the physiologic state of cells in different recharge water matrices and the solution chemistry,exerted synergistic effects on cell transport behavior.The findings of this study contribute to an improved understanding of E.coli transport in actual AGR scenarios and prediction of spreading risk in different recharge water sources.展开更多
基金Project(2014CB643401)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProjects(51134007,51474256)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2017TP1001)supported by the Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project,China
文摘This study presents the deep removal of copper (Ⅱ) from the simulated cobalt electrolyte using fabricated polystyrene-supported 2-aminomethylpyridine chelating resin (PS-AMP) in a fixed-bed.The effects of bed height (7.0–14.0 cm),feed flow rate (4.5–9.0 mL/min),initial copper (Ⅱ) concentration of the feed (250–1000 mg/L),feed temperature (25–40 ℃) and the value of pH (2.0–4.0) on the adsorption process of the PS-AMP resin were investigated.The experimental data showed that the PS-AMP resin can deeply eliminate copper (Ⅱ) from the simulated cobalt electrolyte.The bed height,feed flow rate,initial copper (Ⅱ) concentration of the feed,feed temperature and feed pH value which corresponded to the highest removal of copper (Ⅱ) were 7.0 cm with 35 mm of the column diameter,4.5 mL/min,40℃,1000 mg/L and 4.0,respectively.The breakthrough capacity,the saturated capacity of the column and the mass ratio of Cu/Co (g/g) in the saturated resin were correspondingly 16.51 mg/g dry resin,61.72 mg/g dry resin and 37.67 under the optimal experimental conditions.The copper (Ⅱ) breakthrough curves were fitted by the empirical models of Thomas,Yoon-Nelson and Adam-Bohart,respectively.The Thomas model was found to be the most suitable one for predicting how the concentration of copper (Ⅱ) in the effluent changes with the adsorption time.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51678121,51978135,and 41772236)It was also supported by"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China"(No.2412019ZD004).
文摘Commonly used recharge water resources for artificial groundwater recharge(AGR)such as secondary effluent(SE),river water and rainfall,are all oligotrophic,with low ionic strengths and different cationic compositions.The dwelling process in recharge pond imposed physiologic stress on Escherichia coli(E.coli)cells,in all three types of investigated recharge water resources and the cultivation of E.coli under varying recharge water conditions,induced changes in cell properties.During adaptation to the recharge water environment,the zeta potential of cells became more negative,the hydrodynamic diameters,extracellular polymeric substances content and surface hydrophobicity decreased,while the cellular outer membrane protein profiles became more diverse.The mobility of cells altered in accordance with changes in these cell properties.The E.coli cells in rainfall recharge water displayed the highest mobility(least retention),followed by cells in river water and finally SE cells,which had the lowest mobility.Simulated column experiments and quantitative modeling confirmed that the cellular properties,driven by the physiologic state of cells in different recharge water matrices and the solution chemistry,exerted synergistic effects on cell transport behavior.The findings of this study contribute to an improved understanding of E.coli transport in actual AGR scenarios and prediction of spreading risk in different recharge water sources.
