The occurrence of twin-arginine motifs （-R-R-） in the amino acid sequences of animal pro-proteins frequently defines the cleavage site（s） for their structural/functional maturation. No information is available on ...The occurrence of twin-arginine motifs （-R-R-） in the amino acid sequences of animal pro-proteins frequently defines the cleavage site（s） for their structural/functional maturation. No information is available on the presence and possible biological meaning of these motifs in the seed storage proteins. In this work, a novel endopeptidase activity with cleavage specificity to twin-arginine pairs has been detected in mature dry Lupinus albus seeds. The endopeptidase was tested with a number of endogenous and exogenous protein substrates, which were selected according to the pres- ence of one or more twin-arginine residue motifs in their amino acid sequences. The observed hydrolysis patterns were limited and highly specific. Partial proteolysis led to stable polypeptide fragments that were characterized by 1- and 2-D electrophoresis. Selected polypeptides were submitted to N-terminal amino acid sequencing and mass spectrometry anal- yses, These approaches, supported by bioinformatic analysis of the available sequences, allowed the conclusion that the polypeptide cleavage events had occurred at the peptide bonds comprised between twin-arginine residue pairs with all tested protein substrates. The endopeptidase activity was inhibited by 4-（2-AminoEthyl）Benzene-Sulphonyl Fluoride hy- drochloride （AEBSF）, leupeptin, and serine proteinase protein inhibitors, while it was not affected by pepstatin, trans- EpoxysuccinyI-L-leucylamido（4-guanidino）butane （E64）, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid （EDTA）, thus qualifying the Arg-Arg cleaving enzyme as a serine endopeptidase. The structural features of storage proteins from lupin and other legume seeds strongly support the hypothesis that the occurrence of an endopeptidase activity cleaving -R-R- bonds may be functional to facilitate their degradation at germination and possibly generate polypeptide fragments with specific biological activity.展开更多
当前城市电网容量增长空间有限,清洁能源渗透的随机性及负荷分布的不均衡性,导致城市电网输电阻塞频繁发生;110kV高压配电网检修及运行方式调整受限其灵活调节能力,转供时序操作难以保证系统可靠安全供电。相较于中低压配电网,高压配电...当前城市电网容量增长空间有限,清洁能源渗透的随机性及负荷分布的不均衡性,导致城市电网输电阻塞频繁发生;110kV高压配电网检修及运行方式调整受限其灵活调节能力,转供时序操作难以保证系统可靠安全供电。相较于中低压配电网,高压配电网拓扑重构具备广域时间尺度上的大范围潮流转移能力,协同储能电站灵活的充放电特性,可有效解决上述问题。因此提出基于模型预测控制方法,将转供0-1离散控制与储能荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)连续调节相结合,构建高压配电网转供与储能电站协同控制的日前-日内优化模型;日前计划为日内调度提供参考;日内调度采用滚动优化校正方式,精细化调控储能电站出力以降低转供时序操作风险。算例结果表明,所提模型可充分挖掘2种调控方式不同时间尺度的调控潜力,达到消除阻塞、降低避峰切负荷风险,提高能源消纳水平的目的;同时结合提前预防、分步转供的操作原则,在保证运行低风险的同时指导高压配电网检修及运行方式调整。展开更多
文摘The occurrence of twin-arginine motifs （-R-R-） in the amino acid sequences of animal pro-proteins frequently defines the cleavage site（s） for their structural/functional maturation. No information is available on the presence and possible biological meaning of these motifs in the seed storage proteins. In this work, a novel endopeptidase activity with cleavage specificity to twin-arginine pairs has been detected in mature dry Lupinus albus seeds. The endopeptidase was tested with a number of endogenous and exogenous protein substrates, which were selected according to the pres- ence of one or more twin-arginine residue motifs in their amino acid sequences. The observed hydrolysis patterns were limited and highly specific. Partial proteolysis led to stable polypeptide fragments that were characterized by 1- and 2-D electrophoresis. Selected polypeptides were submitted to N-terminal amino acid sequencing and mass spectrometry anal- yses, These approaches, supported by bioinformatic analysis of the available sequences, allowed the conclusion that the polypeptide cleavage events had occurred at the peptide bonds comprised between twin-arginine residue pairs with all tested protein substrates. The endopeptidase activity was inhibited by 4-（2-AminoEthyl）Benzene-Sulphonyl Fluoride hy- drochloride （AEBSF）, leupeptin, and serine proteinase protein inhibitors, while it was not affected by pepstatin, trans- EpoxysuccinyI-L-leucylamido（4-guanidino）butane （E64）, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid （EDTA）, thus qualifying the Arg-Arg cleaving enzyme as a serine endopeptidase. The structural features of storage proteins from lupin and other legume seeds strongly support the hypothesis that the occurrence of an endopeptidase activity cleaving -R-R- bonds may be functional to facilitate their degradation at germination and possibly generate polypeptide fragments with specific biological activity.
文摘当前城市电网容量增长空间有限,清洁能源渗透的随机性及负荷分布的不均衡性,导致城市电网输电阻塞频繁发生;110kV高压配电网检修及运行方式调整受限其灵活调节能力,转供时序操作难以保证系统可靠安全供电。相较于中低压配电网,高压配电网拓扑重构具备广域时间尺度上的大范围潮流转移能力,协同储能电站灵活的充放电特性,可有效解决上述问题。因此提出基于模型预测控制方法,将转供0-1离散控制与储能荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)连续调节相结合,构建高压配电网转供与储能电站协同控制的日前-日内优化模型;日前计划为日内调度提供参考;日内调度采用滚动优化校正方式,精细化调控储能电站出力以降低转供时序操作风险。算例结果表明,所提模型可充分挖掘2种调控方式不同时间尺度的调控潜力,达到消除阻塞、降低避峰切负荷风险,提高能源消纳水平的目的;同时结合提前预防、分步转供的操作原则,在保证运行低风险的同时指导高压配电网检修及运行方式调整。
