Data-driven approaches such as neural networks are increasingly used for deep excavations due to the growing amount of available monitoring data in practical projects.However,most neural network models only use the da...Data-driven approaches such as neural networks are increasingly used for deep excavations due to the growing amount of available monitoring data in practical projects.However,most neural network models only use the data from a single monitoring point and neglect the spatial relationships between multiple monitoring points.Besides,most models lack flexibility in providing predictions for multiple days after monitoring activity.This study proposes a sequence-to-sequence(seq2seq)two-dimensional(2D)convolutional long short-term memory neural network(S2SCL2D)for predicting the spatiotemporal wall deflections induced by deep excavations.The model utilizes the data from all monitoring points on the entire wall and extracts spatiotemporal features from data by combining the 2D convolutional layers and long short-term memory(LSTM)layers.The S2SCL2D model achieves a long-term prediction of wall deflections through a recursive seq2seq structure.The excavation depth,which has a significant impact on wall deflections,is also considered using a feature fusion method.An excavation project in Hangzhou,China,is used to illustrate the proposed model.The results demonstrate that the S2SCL2D model has superior prediction accuracy and robustness than that of the LSTM and S2SCL1D(one-dimensional)models.The prediction model demonstrates a strong generalizability when applied to an adjacent excavation.Based on the long-term prediction results,practitioners can plan and allocate resources in advance to address the potential engineering issues.展开更多
针对现有的研究大多将短序列时间序列预测和长序列时间序列预测分开研究而导致模型在较短的长序列时序预测时精度较低的问题,提出一种较短的长序列时间序列预测模型(SLTSFM)。首先,利用卷积神经网络(CNN)和PBUSM(Probsparse Based on Un...针对现有的研究大多将短序列时间序列预测和长序列时间序列预测分开研究而导致模型在较短的长序列时序预测时精度较低的问题,提出一种较短的长序列时间序列预测模型(SLTSFM)。首先,利用卷积神经网络(CNN)和PBUSM(Probsparse Based on Uniform Selection Mechanism)自注意力机制搭建一个序列到序列(Seq2Seq)结构,用于提取长序列输入的特征;其次,设计“远轻近重”策略将多个短序列输入特征提取能力较强的长短时记忆(LSTM)模块提取的各时段数据特征进行重分配;最后,用重分配的特征增强提取的长序列输入特征,提高预测精度并实现时序预测。利用4个公开的时间序列数据集验证模型的有效性。实验结果表明,与综合表现次优的对比模型循环门单元(GRU)相比,SLTSFM的平均绝对误差(MAE)指标在4个数据集上的单变量时序预测分别减小了61.54%、13.48%、0.92%和19.58%,多变量时序预测分别减小了17.01%、18.13%、3.24%和6.73%。由此可见SLTSFM在提升较短的长序列时序预测精度方面的有效性。展开更多
多模态生成式摘要往往采用序列到序列(Seq2Seq)框架,目标函数在字符级别优化模型,根据局部最优解生成单词,忽略了摘要样本全局语义信息,使得摘要与多模态信息产生语义偏差,容易造成事实性错误。针对上述问题,提出一种基于语义相关性分...多模态生成式摘要往往采用序列到序列(Seq2Seq)框架,目标函数在字符级别优化模型,根据局部最优解生成单词,忽略了摘要样本全局语义信息,使得摘要与多模态信息产生语义偏差,容易造成事实性错误。针对上述问题,提出一种基于语义相关性分析的多模态摘要模型。首先,在Seq2Seq框架基础上对多模态摘要进行训练,生成语义多样性的候选摘要;其次,构建基于语义相关性分析的摘要评估器,从全局的角度学习候选摘要之间的语义差异性和真实评价指标ROUGE(Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation)的排序模式,从而在摘要样本层面优化模型;最后,不依赖参考摘要,利用摘要评估器对候选摘要进行评价,使得选出的摘要与源文本在语义空间中尽可能相似。实验结果表明,在公开数据集MMSS上,相较于MPMSE(Multimodal Pointer-generator via Multimodal Selective Encoding)模型,所提模型在ROUGE-1、ROUGE-2、ROUGE-L评价指标上分别提升了3.17、1.21和2.24个百分点。展开更多
The complexity of river-tide interaction poses a significant challenge in predicting discharge in tidal rivers.Long short-term memory(LSTM)networks excel in processing and predicting crucial events with extended inter...The complexity of river-tide interaction poses a significant challenge in predicting discharge in tidal rivers.Long short-term memory(LSTM)networks excel in processing and predicting crucial events with extended intervals and time delays in time series data.Additionally,the sequence-to-sequence(Seq2Seq)model,known for handling temporal relationships,adapting to variable-length sequences,effectively capturing historical information,and accommodating various influencing factors,emerges as a robust and flexible tool in discharge forecasting.In this study,we introduce the application of LSTM-based Seq2Seq models for the first time in forecasting the discharge of a tidal reach of the Changjiang River(Yangtze River)Estuary.This study focuses on discharge forecasting using three key input characteristics:flow velocity,water level,and discharge,which means the structure of multiple input and single output is adopted.The experiment used the discharge data of the whole year of 2020,of which the first 80%is used as the training set,and the last 20%is used as the test set.This means that the data covers different tidal cycles,which helps to test the forecasting effect of different models in different tidal cycles and different runoff.The experimental results indicate that the proposed models demonstrate advantages in long-term,mid-term,and short-term discharge forecasting.The Seq2Seq models improved by 6%-60%and 5%-20%of the relative standard deviation compared to the harmonic analysis models and improved back propagation neural network models in discharge prediction,respectively.In addition,the relative accuracy of the Seq2Seq model is 1%to 3%higher than that of the LSTM model.Analytical assessment of the prediction errors shows that the Seq2Seq models are insensitive to the forecast lead time and they can capture characteristic values such as maximum flood tide flow and maximum ebb tide flow in the tidal cycle well.This indicates the significance of the Seq2Seq models.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42307218)the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering(Zhejiang University),Ministry of Education(Grant No.2022P08)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LTZ21E080001).
文摘Data-driven approaches such as neural networks are increasingly used for deep excavations due to the growing amount of available monitoring data in practical projects.However,most neural network models only use the data from a single monitoring point and neglect the spatial relationships between multiple monitoring points.Besides,most models lack flexibility in providing predictions for multiple days after monitoring activity.This study proposes a sequence-to-sequence(seq2seq)two-dimensional(2D)convolutional long short-term memory neural network(S2SCL2D)for predicting the spatiotemporal wall deflections induced by deep excavations.The model utilizes the data from all monitoring points on the entire wall and extracts spatiotemporal features from data by combining the 2D convolutional layers and long short-term memory(LSTM)layers.The S2SCL2D model achieves a long-term prediction of wall deflections through a recursive seq2seq structure.The excavation depth,which has a significant impact on wall deflections,is also considered using a feature fusion method.An excavation project in Hangzhou,China,is used to illustrate the proposed model.The results demonstrate that the S2SCL2D model has superior prediction accuracy and robustness than that of the LSTM and S2SCL1D(one-dimensional)models.The prediction model demonstrates a strong generalizability when applied to an adjacent excavation.Based on the long-term prediction results,practitioners can plan and allocate resources in advance to address the potential engineering issues.
文摘针对现有基于深度神经网络的代码缺陷检测方法无法分析缺陷特征并输出相关评审建议的问题,提出一种基于大感知域LSTM-Seq2Seq模型的代码缺陷检测方法。首先,使用长短期记忆网络(LSTM,long short-term memory)学习缺陷代码的编码特征,建立缺陷判别模型。其次,针对模型与数据集不匹配的问题,向序列到序列模型(Seq2Seq,sequence to sequence)引入代码段长度系数,提升模型对代码评审任务的适用度;通过建立代码缺陷特征与评审建议特征间的映射关系建立了代码分析模型,实现评审输出功能。最后,利用公开数据集SARD对该方法进行了验证,该方法在准确率、召回率、F1值方面的测试结果分别为92.50%、87.20%、87.60%,典型代码缺陷输出的评审文本与专家评审的文本相似度为85.99%,可有效减少评审过程对专家经验的依赖。
文摘针对现有的研究大多将短序列时间序列预测和长序列时间序列预测分开研究而导致模型在较短的长序列时序预测时精度较低的问题,提出一种较短的长序列时间序列预测模型(SLTSFM)。首先,利用卷积神经网络(CNN)和PBUSM(Probsparse Based on Uniform Selection Mechanism)自注意力机制搭建一个序列到序列(Seq2Seq)结构,用于提取长序列输入的特征;其次,设计“远轻近重”策略将多个短序列输入特征提取能力较强的长短时记忆(LSTM)模块提取的各时段数据特征进行重分配;最后,用重分配的特征增强提取的长序列输入特征,提高预测精度并实现时序预测。利用4个公开的时间序列数据集验证模型的有效性。实验结果表明,与综合表现次优的对比模型循环门单元(GRU)相比,SLTSFM的平均绝对误差(MAE)指标在4个数据集上的单变量时序预测分别减小了61.54%、13.48%、0.92%和19.58%,多变量时序预测分别减小了17.01%、18.13%、3.24%和6.73%。由此可见SLTSFM在提升较短的长序列时序预测精度方面的有效性。
文摘多模态生成式摘要往往采用序列到序列(Seq2Seq)框架,目标函数在字符级别优化模型,根据局部最优解生成单词,忽略了摘要样本全局语义信息,使得摘要与多模态信息产生语义偏差,容易造成事实性错误。针对上述问题,提出一种基于语义相关性分析的多模态摘要模型。首先,在Seq2Seq框架基础上对多模态摘要进行训练,生成语义多样性的候选摘要;其次,构建基于语义相关性分析的摘要评估器,从全局的角度学习候选摘要之间的语义差异性和真实评价指标ROUGE(Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation)的排序模式,从而在摘要样本层面优化模型;最后,不依赖参考摘要,利用摘要评估器对候选摘要进行评价,使得选出的摘要与源文本在语义空间中尽可能相似。实验结果表明,在公开数据集MMSS上,相较于MPMSE(Multimodal Pointer-generator via Multimodal Selective Encoding)模型,所提模型在ROUGE-1、ROUGE-2、ROUGE-L评价指标上分别提升了3.17、1.21和2.24个百分点。
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42266006 and 41806114the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation under contract Nos 20232BAB204089 and 20202ACBL214019.
文摘The complexity of river-tide interaction poses a significant challenge in predicting discharge in tidal rivers.Long short-term memory(LSTM)networks excel in processing and predicting crucial events with extended intervals and time delays in time series data.Additionally,the sequence-to-sequence(Seq2Seq)model,known for handling temporal relationships,adapting to variable-length sequences,effectively capturing historical information,and accommodating various influencing factors,emerges as a robust and flexible tool in discharge forecasting.In this study,we introduce the application of LSTM-based Seq2Seq models for the first time in forecasting the discharge of a tidal reach of the Changjiang River(Yangtze River)Estuary.This study focuses on discharge forecasting using three key input characteristics:flow velocity,water level,and discharge,which means the structure of multiple input and single output is adopted.The experiment used the discharge data of the whole year of 2020,of which the first 80%is used as the training set,and the last 20%is used as the test set.This means that the data covers different tidal cycles,which helps to test the forecasting effect of different models in different tidal cycles and different runoff.The experimental results indicate that the proposed models demonstrate advantages in long-term,mid-term,and short-term discharge forecasting.The Seq2Seq models improved by 6%-60%and 5%-20%of the relative standard deviation compared to the harmonic analysis models and improved back propagation neural network models in discharge prediction,respectively.In addition,the relative accuracy of the Seq2Seq model is 1%to 3%higher than that of the LSTM model.Analytical assessment of the prediction errors shows that the Seq2Seq models are insensitive to the forecast lead time and they can capture characteristic values such as maximum flood tide flow and maximum ebb tide flow in the tidal cycle well.This indicates the significance of the Seq2Seq models.
