情感分类是用于判断数据的情感极性,广泛用于商品评论、微博话题等数据。标记信息的昂贵使得传统的情感分类方法难以对不同领域的数据进行有效的分类。为此,跨领域情感分类问题引起广泛关注。已有的跨领域情感分类方法大多以共现为基础...情感分类是用于判断数据的情感极性,广泛用于商品评论、微博话题等数据。标记信息的昂贵使得传统的情感分类方法难以对不同领域的数据进行有效的分类。为此,跨领域情感分类问题引起广泛关注。已有的跨领域情感分类方法大多以共现为基础提取词汇特征和句法特征,而忽略了词语间的语义关系。基于此,提出了基于word2vec的跨领域情感分类方法 WEEF(cross-domain classification based on word embedding extension feature),选取高质量的领域共现特征作为桥梁,并以这些特征作为种子,基于词向量的相似度计算,将领域专有特征扩充到这些种子中,形成特征簇,从而减小领域间的差异。在SRAA和Amazon产品评论数据集上的实验结果表明了方法的有效性,尤其在数据量较大时。展开更多
基于知识图谱的问答系统(knowledge base question answering,KBQA)目前已成为自然语言处理中的热门研究领域。问答系统的应用涉及诸多领域,如医药、电力、交通等各个方面。由此可见,问答系统已成为社会生产发展中必不可少的一项技术。...基于知识图谱的问答系统(knowledge base question answering,KBQA)目前已成为自然语言处理中的热门研究领域。问答系统的应用涉及诸多领域,如医药、电力、交通等各个方面。由此可见,问答系统已成为社会生产发展中必不可少的一项技术。该文聚焦于国内外针对知识图谱的问答系统的研究与应用,对其进行分析梳理,总结了知识图谱、知识库以及问答系统的历史、发展及应用等相关知识,以及现有基于知识图谱的问答系统构建的三类方法,分别为基于模板匹配的方法、基于语义解析的方法以及基于向量建模的方法,探究了深度学习对传统问答系统效果的影响。最后,对基于知识图谱的问答系统技术的未来以及发展进行展望。研究表明:随着人工智能的蓬勃发展,问答系统存在的技术难题不断得到解决,将知识图谱和深度学习技术应用于传统问答系统以提升问答效果已成为大势所趋。展开更多
大规模室外点云具有丰富的空间结构,是地理信息获取重要手段之一,由于其本身具有不规则性、复杂几何结构特征及地物尺度变化大等特征,点云分割的准确性依然是一个巨大的挑战。特别是目前大规模点云几何信息及颜色等信息利用不充分等问题...大规模室外点云具有丰富的空间结构,是地理信息获取重要手段之一,由于其本身具有不规则性、复杂几何结构特征及地物尺度变化大等特征,点云分割的准确性依然是一个巨大的挑战。特别是目前大规模点云几何信息及颜色等信息利用不充分等问题,为解决这些问题,本文提出了一种融合颜色信息和多尺度几何特征的点云语义分割方法(Integrating Color Information and Multi-Scale Geometric Features for Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation(CMGF-Net))。该方法中,分别设计了几何特征信息提取和语义特征信息提取模块。在几何特征信息提取模块中,为了充分利用点云数据的几何特征信息,设计了2个特征提取模块,分别是局部邻域的相对位置特征提取模块(RPF)和局部邻域的几何属性提取模块(LGP)。其中,RPF模块利用三维点云的空间法向信息以及相对空间距离,提取邻域点与当前点的相对位置关系;LGP模块利用点云几何属性在不同地物上有独特的表现特性,融合局部区域的几何属性特征;然后通过所设计的几何特征融合模块(LGF)将RPF模块和LGP模块所提取的特征信息进行融合得到融合后的几何特征信息。此外,为了从点云中学习到多尺度的几何特征,CMGF-Net在不同尺度的网络层中都进行了几何特征的提取,最终将所提取的几何特征与基于颜色特征提取的语义特征信息分层进行融合,以提高网络的学习能力。实验结果表明所提出的网络模型在Semantic3D数据集上的平均交并比(mIoU)和平均准确率(OA)达到了78.2%和95.0%,相较于KP Conv提高了3.6%和2.1%;在Sensat Urban数据集上达到了59.2%和93.7%,由此可见本文所提出的网络模型CMGF-Net在大规模室外场景点云分割具有较好的结果。展开更多
Breast Arterial Calcification(BAC)is a mammographic decision dissimilar to cancer and commonly observed in elderly women.Thus identifying BAC could provide an expense,and be inaccurate.Recently Deep Learning(DL)method...Breast Arterial Calcification(BAC)is a mammographic decision dissimilar to cancer and commonly observed in elderly women.Thus identifying BAC could provide an expense,and be inaccurate.Recently Deep Learning(DL)methods have been introduced for automatic BAC detection and quantification with increased accuracy.Previously,classification with deep learning had reached higher efficiency,but designing the structure of DL proved to be an extremely challenging task due to overfitting models.It also is not able to capture the patterns and irregularities presented in the images.To solve the overfitting problem,an optimal feature set has been formed by Enhanced Wolf Pack Algorithm(EWPA),and their irregularities are identified by Dense-kUNet segmentation.In this paper,Dense-kUNet for segmentation and optimal feature has been introduced for classification(severe,mild,light)that integrates DenseUNet and kU-Net.Longer bound links exist among adjacent modules,allowing relatively rough data to be sent to the following component and assisting the system in finding higher qualities.The major contribution of the work is to design the best features selected by Enhanced Wolf Pack Algorithm(EWPA),and Modified Support Vector Machine(MSVM)based learning for classification.k-Dense-UNet is introduced which combines the procedure of Dense-UNet and kU-Net for image segmentation.Longer bound associations occur among nearby sections,allowing relatively granular data to be sent to the next subsystem and benefiting the system in recognizing smaller characteristics.The proposed techniques and the performance are tested using several types of analysis techniques 826 filled digitized mammography.The proposed method achieved the highest precision,recall,F-measure,and accuracy of 84.4333%,84.5333%,84.4833%,and 86.8667%when compared to other methods on the Digital Database for Screening Mammography(DDSM).展开更多
This study introduces the Orbit Weighting Scheme(OWS),a novel approach aimed at enhancing the precision and efficiency of Vector Space information retrieval(IR)models,which have traditionally relied on weighting schem...This study introduces the Orbit Weighting Scheme(OWS),a novel approach aimed at enhancing the precision and efficiency of Vector Space information retrieval(IR)models,which have traditionally relied on weighting schemes like tf-idf and BM25.These conventional methods often struggle with accurately capturing document relevance,leading to inefficiencies in both retrieval performance and index size management.OWS proposes a dynamic weighting mechanism that evaluates the significance of terms based on their orbital position within the vector space,emphasizing term relationships and distribution patterns overlooked by existing models.Our research focuses on evaluating OWS’s impact on model accuracy using Information Retrieval metrics like Recall,Precision,InterpolatedAverage Precision(IAP),andMeanAverage Precision(MAP).Additionally,we assessOWS’s effectiveness in reducing the inverted index size,crucial for model efficiency.We compare OWS-based retrieval models against others using different schemes,including tf-idf variations and BM25Delta.Results reveal OWS’s superiority,achieving a 54%Recall and 81%MAP,and a notable 38%reduction in the inverted index size.This highlights OWS’s potential in optimizing retrieval processes and underscores the need for further research in this underrepresented area to fully leverage OWS’s capabilities in information retrieval methodologies.展开更多
文摘情感分类是用于判断数据的情感极性,广泛用于商品评论、微博话题等数据。标记信息的昂贵使得传统的情感分类方法难以对不同领域的数据进行有效的分类。为此,跨领域情感分类问题引起广泛关注。已有的跨领域情感分类方法大多以共现为基础提取词汇特征和句法特征,而忽略了词语间的语义关系。基于此,提出了基于word2vec的跨领域情感分类方法 WEEF(cross-domain classification based on word embedding extension feature),选取高质量的领域共现特征作为桥梁,并以这些特征作为种子,基于词向量的相似度计算,将领域专有特征扩充到这些种子中,形成特征簇,从而减小领域间的差异。在SRAA和Amazon产品评论数据集上的实验结果表明了方法的有效性,尤其在数据量较大时。
文摘基于知识图谱的问答系统(knowledge base question answering,KBQA)目前已成为自然语言处理中的热门研究领域。问答系统的应用涉及诸多领域,如医药、电力、交通等各个方面。由此可见,问答系统已成为社会生产发展中必不可少的一项技术。该文聚焦于国内外针对知识图谱的问答系统的研究与应用,对其进行分析梳理,总结了知识图谱、知识库以及问答系统的历史、发展及应用等相关知识,以及现有基于知识图谱的问答系统构建的三类方法,分别为基于模板匹配的方法、基于语义解析的方法以及基于向量建模的方法,探究了深度学习对传统问答系统效果的影响。最后,对基于知识图谱的问答系统技术的未来以及发展进行展望。研究表明:随着人工智能的蓬勃发展,问答系统存在的技术难题不断得到解决,将知识图谱和深度学习技术应用于传统问答系统以提升问答效果已成为大势所趋。
文摘大规模室外点云具有丰富的空间结构,是地理信息获取重要手段之一,由于其本身具有不规则性、复杂几何结构特征及地物尺度变化大等特征,点云分割的准确性依然是一个巨大的挑战。特别是目前大规模点云几何信息及颜色等信息利用不充分等问题,为解决这些问题,本文提出了一种融合颜色信息和多尺度几何特征的点云语义分割方法(Integrating Color Information and Multi-Scale Geometric Features for Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation(CMGF-Net))。该方法中,分别设计了几何特征信息提取和语义特征信息提取模块。在几何特征信息提取模块中,为了充分利用点云数据的几何特征信息,设计了2个特征提取模块,分别是局部邻域的相对位置特征提取模块(RPF)和局部邻域的几何属性提取模块(LGP)。其中,RPF模块利用三维点云的空间法向信息以及相对空间距离,提取邻域点与当前点的相对位置关系;LGP模块利用点云几何属性在不同地物上有独特的表现特性,融合局部区域的几何属性特征;然后通过所设计的几何特征融合模块(LGF)将RPF模块和LGP模块所提取的特征信息进行融合得到融合后的几何特征信息。此外,为了从点云中学习到多尺度的几何特征,CMGF-Net在不同尺度的网络层中都进行了几何特征的提取,最终将所提取的几何特征与基于颜色特征提取的语义特征信息分层进行融合,以提高网络的学习能力。实验结果表明所提出的网络模型在Semantic3D数据集上的平均交并比(mIoU)和平均准确率(OA)达到了78.2%和95.0%,相较于KP Conv提高了3.6%和2.1%;在Sensat Urban数据集上达到了59.2%和93.7%,由此可见本文所提出的网络模型CMGF-Net在大规模室外场景点云分割具有较好的结果。
文摘Breast Arterial Calcification(BAC)is a mammographic decision dissimilar to cancer and commonly observed in elderly women.Thus identifying BAC could provide an expense,and be inaccurate.Recently Deep Learning(DL)methods have been introduced for automatic BAC detection and quantification with increased accuracy.Previously,classification with deep learning had reached higher efficiency,but designing the structure of DL proved to be an extremely challenging task due to overfitting models.It also is not able to capture the patterns and irregularities presented in the images.To solve the overfitting problem,an optimal feature set has been formed by Enhanced Wolf Pack Algorithm(EWPA),and their irregularities are identified by Dense-kUNet segmentation.In this paper,Dense-kUNet for segmentation and optimal feature has been introduced for classification(severe,mild,light)that integrates DenseUNet and kU-Net.Longer bound links exist among adjacent modules,allowing relatively rough data to be sent to the following component and assisting the system in finding higher qualities.The major contribution of the work is to design the best features selected by Enhanced Wolf Pack Algorithm(EWPA),and Modified Support Vector Machine(MSVM)based learning for classification.k-Dense-UNet is introduced which combines the procedure of Dense-UNet and kU-Net for image segmentation.Longer bound associations occur among nearby sections,allowing relatively granular data to be sent to the next subsystem and benefiting the system in recognizing smaller characteristics.The proposed techniques and the performance are tested using several types of analysis techniques 826 filled digitized mammography.The proposed method achieved the highest precision,recall,F-measure,and accuracy of 84.4333%,84.5333%,84.4833%,and 86.8667%when compared to other methods on the Digital Database for Screening Mammography(DDSM).
文摘This study introduces the Orbit Weighting Scheme(OWS),a novel approach aimed at enhancing the precision and efficiency of Vector Space information retrieval(IR)models,which have traditionally relied on weighting schemes like tf-idf and BM25.These conventional methods often struggle with accurately capturing document relevance,leading to inefficiencies in both retrieval performance and index size management.OWS proposes a dynamic weighting mechanism that evaluates the significance of terms based on their orbital position within the vector space,emphasizing term relationships and distribution patterns overlooked by existing models.Our research focuses on evaluating OWS’s impact on model accuracy using Information Retrieval metrics like Recall,Precision,InterpolatedAverage Precision(IAP),andMeanAverage Precision(MAP).Additionally,we assessOWS’s effectiveness in reducing the inverted index size,crucial for model efficiency.We compare OWS-based retrieval models against others using different schemes,including tf-idf variations and BM25Delta.Results reveal OWS’s superiority,achieving a 54%Recall and 81%MAP,and a notable 38%reduction in the inverted index size.This highlights OWS’s potential in optimizing retrieval processes and underscores the need for further research in this underrepresented area to fully leverage OWS’s capabilities in information retrieval methodologies.
