The stabilization and manipulation of laser frequency by means of an external cavity are nearly ubiquitously used in fundamental research and laser applications. While most of the laser light transmits through the cav...The stabilization and manipulation of laser frequency by means of an external cavity are nearly ubiquitously used in fundamental research and laser applications. While most of the laser light transmits through the cavity, in the presence of some back-scattered light from the cavity to the laser, the self-injection locking effect can take place, which locks the laser emission frequency to the cavity mode of similar frequency. The self-injection locking leads to dramatic reduction of laser linewidth and noise. Using this approach, a common semiconductor laser locked to an ultrahigh-Q microresonator can obtain sub-Hertz linewidth, on par with state-of-the-art fiber lasers. Therefore it paves the way to manufacture high-performance semiconductor lasers with reduced footprint and cost. Moreover, with high laser power, the optical nonlinearity of the microresonator drastically changes the laser dynamics, offering routes for simultaneous pulse and frequency comb generation in the same microresonator. Particularly, integrated photonics technology, enabling components fabricated via semiconductor CMOS process, has brought increasing and extending interest to laser manufacturing using this method. In this article, we present a comprehensive tutorial on analytical and numerical methods of laser self-injection locking, as well a review of most recent theoretical and experimental achievements.展开更多
This study focuses on the behavior of chitosan(CHI)and its polyelectrolyte complexes with carboxymethyl starch(CMS)used as monolithic matrices with acetaminophen as drug tracer.Two different chitosan grades were teste...This study focuses on the behavior of chitosan(CHI)and its polyelectrolyte complexes with carboxymethyl starch(CMS)used as monolithic matrices with acetaminophen as drug tracer.Two different chitosan grades were tested alone or associated in various ratios with CMS as excipients for tablets obtained by direct compression.The degree of deacetylation(DDA)of CHI,estimated from 1H NMR and FTIR data,was correlated with X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)to evaluate structural organization of the monolithic matrices.In vitro drug dissolution assays showed major differences in CHI kinetic profiles between tablets exposed to acidic medium for 2h(to mimick gastric passage)prior to dissolution in simulated intestinal fluid(SIF),and those administered directly to SIF.Prior exposure to acidic SGF conducted to longer dissolution profiles(release completed after 16 h)and preservation of tablet shape,whereas tablets directly incubated in SIF were rapidly disintegrated.The improved properties of chitosan matrices exposed to SGF may be related to an outer compact coating layer(visible in SEM).The effect of self-stabilization of chitosan in acidic medium was compared to that due to formation of polyelectrolyte complexes(PEC)in co-processed polymeric systems(CHI:CMS).The self-formed membrane following exposure to gastric acidity appears to help maintaining tablet integrity and allows higher drug loading,recommending CHI and its complexes with CMS as excipients for drug delivery.展开更多
Set stabilization is one of the essential problems in engineering systems, and self-triggered control(STC) can save the storage space for interactive information, and can be successfully applied in networked control s...Set stabilization is one of the essential problems in engineering systems, and self-triggered control(STC) can save the storage space for interactive information, and can be successfully applied in networked control systems with limited communication resources. In this study, the set stabilization problem and STC design of Boolean control networks are investigated via the semi-tensor product technique. On the one hand, the largest control invariant subset is calculated in terms of the strongly connected components of the state transition graph, by which a graph-theoretical condition for set stabilization is derived. On the other hand, a characteristic function is exploited to determine the triggering mechanism and feasible controls. Based on this, the minimum-time and minimum-triggering open-loop, state-feedback and output-feedback STCs for set stabilization are designed,respectively. As classic applications of self-triggered set stabilization, self-triggered synchronization, self-triggered output tracking and self-triggered output regulation are discussed as well. Additionally, several practical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of theoretical results.展开更多
目的探讨颈前路椎体次全切减压融合术(anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion,ACCF)中应用自稳定零切迹3D打印人工椎体治疗脊髓型颈椎病的安全性和疗效。方法回顾性分析2022年1月—2023年2月符合选择标准的37例脊髓型颈椎病患者临床...目的探讨颈前路椎体次全切减压融合术(anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion,ACCF)中应用自稳定零切迹3D打印人工椎体治疗脊髓型颈椎病的安全性和疗效。方法回顾性分析2022年1月—2023年2月符合选择标准的37例脊髓型颈椎病患者临床资料。颈前路单个椎体次全切除减压后,15例采用自稳定零切迹3D打印人工椎体行内固定融合(治疗组),22例采用3D打印人工椎体和颈前路钛板行内固定融合(对照组)。两组患者年龄、性别、病变节段、病程以及术前日本骨科协会(JOA)评分等基线资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。记录并对比两组手术时间、术中出血量、住院费用、JOA评分及改善率、术后假体下沉发生率、椎间融合情况等指标。结果与对照组相比,治疗组手术时间缩短、住院费用降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术中出血量组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者均获随访,治疗组随访时间6~21个月,平均13.7个月;对照组6~19个月,平均12.7个月。治疗组术后无患者发生吞咽困难,对照组5例发生吞咽困难,两组吞咽困难发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后12个月两组JOA评分均较术前改善(P<0.05),但两组间JOA评分及改善率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。影像学复查示,两组均达椎间融合,椎间融合时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);末次随访时,治疗组2例、对照组3例发生假体下沉,发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访期间均未发生内植物移位或钛板螺钉断裂。结论采用自稳定零切迹3D打印人工椎体治疗脊髓型颈椎病,不仅能获得与3D打印人工椎体相似疗效,还能缩短手术时间,降低术后吞咽困难发生率。展开更多
Free-standing silicon anodes with high proportion of active materials have aroused great attention;however,the mechanical stability and electrochemical performance are severely suppressed.Herein,to resolve the appeal ...Free-standing silicon anodes with high proportion of active materials have aroused great attention;however,the mechanical stability and electrochemical performance are severely suppressed.Herein,to resolve the appeal issues,a free-standing anode with a"corrugated paper"shape on micro-scale and a topological crosslinking network on the submicron and nano-scale is designed.Essentially,an integrated three-dimensional electrode structure is constructed based on robust carbon nanotubes network with firmly anchored SiNPs via forming interlocking junctions.In which,the hierarchical interlocking structure is achieved by directional induction of the binder,which ensures well integration during cycling so that significantly enhances mechanical stability as well as electronic and ionic conductivity of electrodes.Benefiting from it,this anode exhibits outsta nding performance under harsh service conditions including high Si loading,ultrahigh areal capacity(33.2 mA h cm^(-2)),and high/low temperatures(-15-60℃),which significantly extends its practical prospect.Furthermore,the optimization mechanism of this electrode is explored to verify the crack-healing and structure-integration maintaining along cycling via a unique self-stabilization process.Thus,from both the fundamental and engineering views,this strategy offers a promising path to produce high-performance free-standing electrodes for flexible device applications especially facing volume effect challenges.展开更多
Energy optimization is one of the key problems for ship roll reduction systems in the last decade. According to the nonlinear characteristics of ship motion, the four degrees of freedom nonlinear model of Fin/Rudder r...Energy optimization is one of the key problems for ship roll reduction systems in the last decade. According to the nonlinear characteristics of ship motion, the four degrees of freedom nonlinear model of Fin/Rudder roll stabilization can be established. This paper analyzes energy consumption caused by overcoming the resistance and the yaw, which is added to the fin/rudder roll stabilization system as new performance index. In order to achieve the purpose of the roll reduction, ship course keeping and energy optimization, the self-tuning PID controller based on the multi-objective genetic algorithm （MOGA） method is used to optimize performance index. In addition, random weight coefficient is adopted to build a multi-objective genetic algorithm optimization model. The objective function is improved so that the objective function can be normalized to a constant level. Simulation results showed that the control method based on MOGA, compared with the traditional control method, not only improves the efficiency of roll stabilization and yaw control precision, but also optimizes the energy of the system. The proposed methodology can get a better performance at different sea states.展开更多
A novel hyperbranched multiarm copolymer of HBPO-star-PDEAEMA with a hydrophobic poly(3-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl) oxetane)(HBPO) core and many cationic poly(2-(N,N-diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate)(PDEAEMA) arms has bee...A novel hyperbranched multiarm copolymer of HBPO-star-PDEAEMA with a hydrophobic poly(3-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl) oxetane)(HBPO) core and many cationic poly(2-(N,N-diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate)(PDEAEMA) arms has been synthesized through an atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP) method,and been applied to spontaneously reduce and stabilize gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) in water without other additional agents.The size of the nanoparticles could be effectively controlled at about 4 nm,and the nanoparticles are extremely stable in solution without aggregation even for one year.It was found that solution pH and the molar ratio of N/Au have certain effects on the size and stability of AuNPs.This work provides a simple method for the synthesis of uniform and highly stable AuNPs.展开更多
基金The results presented in Sections 2.5 and 3.2 were obtained with the support of the Russian Science Foundation(project 22-22-00872)The results presented in Sections 2.3,3.4 and 4 were obtained with the support of the Russian Science Foundation(Project 20-12-00344)+5 种基金Y.-H.L.acknowledges support from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M721482)W.L.acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62075233)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-69)J.L.acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12261131503)Shenzhen−Hong Kong Cooperation Zone for Technology and Innovation(HZQB-KCZYB2020050)from the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory(2019B121203002).
文摘The stabilization and manipulation of laser frequency by means of an external cavity are nearly ubiquitously used in fundamental research and laser applications. While most of the laser light transmits through the cavity, in the presence of some back-scattered light from the cavity to the laser, the self-injection locking effect can take place, which locks the laser emission frequency to the cavity mode of similar frequency. The self-injection locking leads to dramatic reduction of laser linewidth and noise. Using this approach, a common semiconductor laser locked to an ultrahigh-Q microresonator can obtain sub-Hertz linewidth, on par with state-of-the-art fiber lasers. Therefore it paves the way to manufacture high-performance semiconductor lasers with reduced footprint and cost. Moreover, with high laser power, the optical nonlinearity of the microresonator drastically changes the laser dynamics, offering routes for simultaneous pulse and frequency comb generation in the same microresonator. Particularly, integrated photonics technology, enabling components fabricated via semiconductor CMOS process, has brought increasing and extending interest to laser manufacturing using this method. In this article, we present a comprehensive tutorial on analytical and numerical methods of laser self-injection locking, as well a review of most recent theoretical and experimental achievements.
文摘This study focuses on the behavior of chitosan(CHI)and its polyelectrolyte complexes with carboxymethyl starch(CMS)used as monolithic matrices with acetaminophen as drug tracer.Two different chitosan grades were tested alone or associated in various ratios with CMS as excipients for tablets obtained by direct compression.The degree of deacetylation(DDA)of CHI,estimated from 1H NMR and FTIR data,was correlated with X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)to evaluate structural organization of the monolithic matrices.In vitro drug dissolution assays showed major differences in CHI kinetic profiles between tablets exposed to acidic medium for 2h(to mimick gastric passage)prior to dissolution in simulated intestinal fluid(SIF),and those administered directly to SIF.Prior exposure to acidic SGF conducted to longer dissolution profiles(release completed after 16 h)and preservation of tablet shape,whereas tablets directly incubated in SIF were rapidly disintegrated.The improved properties of chitosan matrices exposed to SGF may be related to an outer compact coating layer(visible in SEM).The effect of self-stabilization of chitosan in acidic medium was compared to that due to formation of polyelectrolyte complexes(PEC)in co-processed polymeric systems(CHI:CMS).The self-formed membrane following exposure to gastric acidity appears to help maintaining tablet integrity and allows higher drug loading,recommending CHI and its complexes with CMS as excipients for drug delivery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62273201,62173209,72134004,62303170)the Research Fund for the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province of China (TSTP20221103)。
文摘Set stabilization is one of the essential problems in engineering systems, and self-triggered control(STC) can save the storage space for interactive information, and can be successfully applied in networked control systems with limited communication resources. In this study, the set stabilization problem and STC design of Boolean control networks are investigated via the semi-tensor product technique. On the one hand, the largest control invariant subset is calculated in terms of the strongly connected components of the state transition graph, by which a graph-theoretical condition for set stabilization is derived. On the other hand, a characteristic function is exploited to determine the triggering mechanism and feasible controls. Based on this, the minimum-time and minimum-triggering open-loop, state-feedback and output-feedback STCs for set stabilization are designed,respectively. As classic applications of self-triggered set stabilization, self-triggered synchronization, self-triggered output tracking and self-triggered output regulation are discussed as well. Additionally, several practical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of theoretical results.
文摘目的探讨颈前路椎体次全切减压融合术(anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion,ACCF)中应用自稳定零切迹3D打印人工椎体治疗脊髓型颈椎病的安全性和疗效。方法回顾性分析2022年1月—2023年2月符合选择标准的37例脊髓型颈椎病患者临床资料。颈前路单个椎体次全切除减压后,15例采用自稳定零切迹3D打印人工椎体行内固定融合(治疗组),22例采用3D打印人工椎体和颈前路钛板行内固定融合(对照组)。两组患者年龄、性别、病变节段、病程以及术前日本骨科协会(JOA)评分等基线资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。记录并对比两组手术时间、术中出血量、住院费用、JOA评分及改善率、术后假体下沉发生率、椎间融合情况等指标。结果与对照组相比,治疗组手术时间缩短、住院费用降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术中出血量组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者均获随访,治疗组随访时间6~21个月,平均13.7个月;对照组6~19个月,平均12.7个月。治疗组术后无患者发生吞咽困难,对照组5例发生吞咽困难,两组吞咽困难发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后12个月两组JOA评分均较术前改善(P<0.05),但两组间JOA评分及改善率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。影像学复查示,两组均达椎间融合,椎间融合时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);末次随访时,治疗组2例、对照组3例发生假体下沉,发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访期间均未发生内植物移位或钛板螺钉断裂。结论采用自稳定零切迹3D打印人工椎体治疗脊髓型颈椎病,不仅能获得与3D打印人工椎体相似疗效,还能缩短手术时间,降低术后吞咽困难发生率。
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21905221,21805221)the Suzhou Technological innovation of key industries-research and development of key technologies(SGC2021118)。
文摘Free-standing silicon anodes with high proportion of active materials have aroused great attention;however,the mechanical stability and electrochemical performance are severely suppressed.Herein,to resolve the appeal issues,a free-standing anode with a"corrugated paper"shape on micro-scale and a topological crosslinking network on the submicron and nano-scale is designed.Essentially,an integrated three-dimensional electrode structure is constructed based on robust carbon nanotubes network with firmly anchored SiNPs via forming interlocking junctions.In which,the hierarchical interlocking structure is achieved by directional induction of the binder,which ensures well integration during cycling so that significantly enhances mechanical stability as well as electronic and ionic conductivity of electrodes.Benefiting from it,this anode exhibits outsta nding performance under harsh service conditions including high Si loading,ultrahigh areal capacity(33.2 mA h cm^(-2)),and high/low temperatures(-15-60℃),which significantly extends its practical prospect.Furthermore,the optimization mechanism of this electrode is explored to verify the crack-healing and structure-integration maintaining along cycling via a unique self-stabilization process.Thus,from both the fundamental and engineering views,this strategy offers a promising path to produce high-performance free-standing electrodes for flexible device applications especially facing volume effect challenges.
基金Foundation item： Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 61174047） and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities （HEUCF041406）.
文摘Energy optimization is one of the key problems for ship roll reduction systems in the last decade. According to the nonlinear characteristics of ship motion, the four degrees of freedom nonlinear model of Fin/Rudder roll stabilization can be established. This paper analyzes energy consumption caused by overcoming the resistance and the yaw, which is added to the fin/rudder roll stabilization system as new performance index. In order to achieve the purpose of the roll reduction, ship course keeping and energy optimization, the self-tuning PID controller based on the multi-objective genetic algorithm （MOGA） method is used to optimize performance index. In addition, random weight coefficient is adopted to build a multi-objective genetic algorithm optimization model. The objective function is improved so that the objective function can be normalized to a constant level. Simulation results showed that the control method based on MOGA, compared with the traditional control method, not only improves the efficiency of roll stabilization and yaw control precision, but also optimizes the energy of the system. The proposed methodology can get a better performance at different sea states.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20774057,50633010,20874060 &50873058)National Basic Research Program(2007CB808000 & 2009CB930400)+3 种基金the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-07-0558)the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of Chinathe Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation(114029)the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(B202)
文摘A novel hyperbranched multiarm copolymer of HBPO-star-PDEAEMA with a hydrophobic poly(3-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl) oxetane)(HBPO) core and many cationic poly(2-(N,N-diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate)(PDEAEMA) arms has been synthesized through an atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP) method,and been applied to spontaneously reduce and stabilize gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) in water without other additional agents.The size of the nanoparticles could be effectively controlled at about 4 nm,and the nanoparticles are extremely stable in solution without aggregation even for one year.It was found that solution pH and the molar ratio of N/Au have certain effects on the size and stability of AuNPs.This work provides a simple method for the synthesis of uniform and highly stable AuNPs.
