Accelerating the building of a new development pattern with domestic market as the mainstay and domestic and international markets reinforcing each other is a major decision made by the CPC Central Committee with Comr...Accelerating the building of a new development pattern with domestic market as the mainstay and domestic and international markets reinforcing each other is a major decision made by the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core in light of changes in the development stage,environment and conditions in China.Trade gains are an important indicator of the development trend of domestic and international circulations for a country.With the quantitative model of trade gains containing the multi-sectoral input-output relations,this paper estimates the trade gains from the economic dual circulation in China between 1987 and 2017,based on the kernel density estimation and Markov chain,and the main findings are as follows.(1)The trade gains from the domestic circulation in China showed a downward trend,while the trade gains from the international circulation presented a trend of first rising and then declining.But the former still outweighed the latter.(2)Compared with the international circulation,the continuity,spatial correlation effect and rising potential of the trade gains from China's domestic circulation were greater.(3)There was no positive spatial correlation effect between the trade gains from the domestic and those from the international circulation.China should make overall plans for opening up both externally and internally,and unblock sticking points between the two circulations,so as to realize the positive interaction of the trade gains from the dual circulation,and accelerate the formation of a new development pattern with domestic market as the mainstay and domestic and international markets reinforcing each other.展开更多
This paper summarizes the national inventory of mercury released into all environmental sectors (air, water, land, impurity in products, general wastes and sector specific treatment/disposal) for the year 2008 in the ...This paper summarizes the national inventory of mercury released into all environmental sectors (air, water, land, impurity in products, general wastes and sector specific treatment/disposal) for the year 2008 in the country of Costa Rica, using the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) mercury toolkit. The data collection about the input and output of mercury for the year 2008, was carried out during the years 2014 and 2015. The data used for estimation are mainly obtained from the Costa Rican Government’s official publications. The research was developed in order to create a national inventory of mercury releases into all environmental sectors in order to aid mercury management in Costa Rica. Total input and output of mercury, distribution into different environmental sectors, major contributions by mercury sources (“steps” “categories” and “subcategories”) are discussed. The standard estimation of total mercury input is 7174.00 kg/year. The biggest mercury input are “waste treatment and recycling” (3086.00 kg Hg, 43.17%) and “general consumption of mercury in products, as metal mercury and as mercury containing substances” (3189.00 kg Hg, 44.62%). The total mercury released is 31,689.29 kg/year. The biggest emission of mercury corresponds to the source “waste treatment and recycling” (28,359.29 kg/year, 89.49%). The “air” is the main impacted environmental sector due the different mercury inputs. A total of 28,155.60 kg/year (88.55%) is released in this media. Only 1635.10 kg/year (5.16%) of the total mercury emissions is deposited in the environmental sector named “general waste”. The rest of the environmental sectors evaluated are impacted with less of 3.00% of the total mercury released.展开更多
利用E.Dietzenbacher et al.的方法对美国非政府部门劳动补偿在增加值中占比的分析表明,1997—2011年,美国非政府部门劳动补偿份额持续下降,主要原因是数量变动因素的作用,结构变动因素的作用十分有限。但分部门的研究表明,结构变动因...利用E.Dietzenbacher et al.的方法对美国非政府部门劳动补偿在增加值中占比的分析表明,1997—2011年,美国非政府部门劳动补偿份额持续下降,主要原因是数量变动因素的作用,结构变动因素的作用十分有限。但分部门的研究表明,结构变动因素对于劳动补偿份额的变化也发挥了重要作用。同时还发现,2007—2011年美国制造业产业波及能力较2002—2007年有明显上升,但在吸引就业方面作用不显著。展开更多
Sound and efficient functioning of financial systems is critical to the economic prosperity of any economy.This paper investigates the tripartite relationship between financial sector output,employment and economic gr...Sound and efficient functioning of financial systems is critical to the economic prosperity of any economy.This paper investigates the tripartite relationship between financial sector output,employment and economic growth in North Cyprus.Using relevant time series data analysis(within the framework of structural breaks and VECM),we found that financial sector output in North Cyprus is sensitive to both internal and external shocks in that its economy is well linked with the global economy,in spite of the political isolation sustained since the bifurcation of Cyprus into North and South.The study further documents evidence of the neutrality hypothesis in the finance-growth nexus.The underlying variables were weakly connected in the short-run.However,economic growth responded to the short-run shocks and handled the equilibrating process of reverting to the long-run trend and thus,the demand following hypothesis is confirmed in the long-run.展开更多
基金This paper is supported by the General Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(71873112)the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(71733003).
文摘Accelerating the building of a new development pattern with domestic market as the mainstay and domestic and international markets reinforcing each other is a major decision made by the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core in light of changes in the development stage,environment and conditions in China.Trade gains are an important indicator of the development trend of domestic and international circulations for a country.With the quantitative model of trade gains containing the multi-sectoral input-output relations,this paper estimates the trade gains from the economic dual circulation in China between 1987 and 2017,based on the kernel density estimation and Markov chain,and the main findings are as follows.(1)The trade gains from the domestic circulation in China showed a downward trend,while the trade gains from the international circulation presented a trend of first rising and then declining.But the former still outweighed the latter.(2)Compared with the international circulation,the continuity,spatial correlation effect and rising potential of the trade gains from China's domestic circulation were greater.(3)There was no positive spatial correlation effect between the trade gains from the domestic and those from the international circulation.China should make overall plans for opening up both externally and internally,and unblock sticking points between the two circulations,so as to realize the positive interaction of the trade gains from the dual circulation,and accelerate the formation of a new development pattern with domestic market as the mainstay and domestic and international markets reinforcing each other.
文摘This paper summarizes the national inventory of mercury released into all environmental sectors (air, water, land, impurity in products, general wastes and sector specific treatment/disposal) for the year 2008 in the country of Costa Rica, using the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) mercury toolkit. The data collection about the input and output of mercury for the year 2008, was carried out during the years 2014 and 2015. The data used for estimation are mainly obtained from the Costa Rican Government’s official publications. The research was developed in order to create a national inventory of mercury releases into all environmental sectors in order to aid mercury management in Costa Rica. Total input and output of mercury, distribution into different environmental sectors, major contributions by mercury sources (“steps” “categories” and “subcategories”) are discussed. The standard estimation of total mercury input is 7174.00 kg/year. The biggest mercury input are “waste treatment and recycling” (3086.00 kg Hg, 43.17%) and “general consumption of mercury in products, as metal mercury and as mercury containing substances” (3189.00 kg Hg, 44.62%). The total mercury released is 31,689.29 kg/year. The biggest emission of mercury corresponds to the source “waste treatment and recycling” (28,359.29 kg/year, 89.49%). The “air” is the main impacted environmental sector due the different mercury inputs. A total of 28,155.60 kg/year (88.55%) is released in this media. Only 1635.10 kg/year (5.16%) of the total mercury emissions is deposited in the environmental sector named “general waste”. The rest of the environmental sectors evaluated are impacted with less of 3.00% of the total mercury released.
文摘利用E.Dietzenbacher et al.的方法对美国非政府部门劳动补偿在增加值中占比的分析表明,1997—2011年,美国非政府部门劳动补偿份额持续下降,主要原因是数量变动因素的作用,结构变动因素的作用十分有限。但分部门的研究表明,结构变动因素对于劳动补偿份额的变化也发挥了重要作用。同时还发现,2007—2011年美国制造业产业波及能力较2002—2007年有明显上升,但在吸引就业方面作用不显著。
文摘Sound and efficient functioning of financial systems is critical to the economic prosperity of any economy.This paper investigates the tripartite relationship between financial sector output,employment and economic growth in North Cyprus.Using relevant time series data analysis(within the framework of structural breaks and VECM),we found that financial sector output in North Cyprus is sensitive to both internal and external shocks in that its economy is well linked with the global economy,in spite of the political isolation sustained since the bifurcation of Cyprus into North and South.The study further documents evidence of the neutrality hypothesis in the finance-growth nexus.The underlying variables were weakly connected in the short-run.However,economic growth responded to the short-run shocks and handled the equilibrating process of reverting to the long-run trend and thus,the demand following hypothesis is confirmed in the long-run.
