Objective To determine the extent of secondhand smoke exposure in China, and to explore the potential associated factors. Methods This study was a nationally representative household survey examining secondhand smoke ...Objective To determine the extent of secondhand smoke exposure in China, and to explore the potential associated factors. Methods This study was a nationally representative household survey examining secondhand smoke exposure of non-institutionalized men and women aged 15 and older using a global standardized geographically clustered sample design. A total of 13 354 people completed the individual questionnaire with questions on gender, age, educational level, residence, profession, potential factors associated with secondhand smoke exposure, and workplace smoking policy. The data were used to determine whole population estimates of secondhand smoke exposure. Results Among non-smokers aged 15 years and older, it was estimated that 72.4% （556 million） were exposed to secondhand smoke, with 52.5% （292 million） exposed to secondhand smoke daily. The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure was 74.1% for men, 71.6% for women, 70.5% for urban populations, and 74.2% for rural populations. The rates were 67.3%, 63.3%, and 72.7% respectively, within the household, indoor workplaces and public places. Secondhand smoke exposure was significantly reduced in workplaces with a smoking ban but not in workplaces with a partial smoking ban. Conclusion Although China has made some progress toward a smoke-free environment there remains a high degree of exposure to secondhand smoke.展开更多
Objective To determine the level of awareness of the hazards of tobacco smoking and secondhand smoke inhalation among adults in China. Methods Household surveys were conducted with a total of 13 354 respondents aged 1...Objective To determine the level of awareness of the hazards of tobacco smoking and secondhand smoke inhalation among adults in China. Methods Household surveys were conducted with a total of 13 354 respondents aged 15 years or over from 100 counties of 28 Chinese provinces using a stratified multi-stage geographically clustered sample design. Results The findings revealed that 81.8% of the population was aware that smoking causes serious diseases, and 27.2% and 38.7% were aware that smoking causes stroke and heart attack, respectively. Only 64.3% of respondents were aware that secondhand smoke can cause serious diseases, and 27.5%, 51.0%, and 52.6% were aware that secondhand smoke causes heart disease in adults, lung disease in children and lung cancer in adults, respectively. Awareness regarding smoking-related hazards across all participants was significantly associated with several factors, including gender, smoking status, urban/rural residency, education level and exposure to tobacco control publicity in the last 30 days. Awareness regarding tobacco-related hazards in smokers was significantly associated with urban/rural residency, education level, exposure to tobacco control publicity in the last 30 days, and physician＇s advice. Awareness relating to the hazards of inhaling secondhand smoke was associated with smoking status, urban/rural residency, age, education level, and exposure to tobacco control publicity in the last 30 days. Medical professionals were found to know more about the health hazards of tobacco compared with people in other types of employment. Conclusions Overall awareness of the health hazards of tobacco has improved in the last 15 years in China, but is still relatively poor. Improved means of communicating information and more effective warning labels on cigarette packaging are necessary for increasing public awareness of tobacco hazards, particularly among rural residents and people with less education.展开更多
Tobacco use remains one of the leading preventable causes of morbidity and mortality globally,with nicotine addiction significantly impacting health outcomes.This literature review explores the multifaceted nature of ...Tobacco use remains one of the leading preventable causes of morbidity and mortality globally,with nicotine addiction significantly impacting health outcomes.This literature review explores the multifaceted nature of tobacco use and its health implications,emphasizing the role of nursing interventions in smoking cessation.The review highlights various strategies employed by nurses,including assessment,counseling,pharmacotherapy support,and behavioral interventions,which are essential for effective tobacco cessation.By analyzing current evidence-based practices,the study underscores the importance of comprehensive assessments and personalized care plans tailored to individual patient needs.It also addresses the significance of motivational interviewing and the 5 A’s framework in facilitating successful quit attempts.In addition,the review discusses the integration of cognitive-behavioral therapy and stress management techniques as vital components of behavioral interventions.Recommendations for improving tobacco cessation efforts include enhanced training for healthcare professionals,the establishment of community-based support groups,and advocacy for robust tobacco control policies.The findings underscore the critical need for ongoing research into the long-term effectiveness of cessation interventions across diverse populations.This study aims to inform nursing practice and public health policy,ultimately contributing to the reduction of tobacco-related health issues and promoting healthier communities.展开更多
Background Despite extensive research evaluating the association between prenatal exposure to secondhand smoke(SHS)and the development of autism spectrum disorders(ASD),no study has investigated the association by con...Background Despite extensive research evaluating the association between prenatal exposure to secondhand smoke(SHS)and the development of autism spectrum disorders(ASD),no study has investigated the association by considering the pre-conceptional period.This study aimed to investigate the associations of pre-conceptional and prenatal SHS exposure and the development of ASD among toddlers.Methods In this cross-sectional study,parents of 6049 toddlers aged 16–30 months were recruited from 7 tertiary hospitals,21 communities,and 7 kindergartens located in seven cities in six provinces from five geographical regions of China.We analyzed the associations of SHS exposure and the odds of ASD among toddlers in different exposure windows(pre-conceptional and/or prenatal periods).Data were analyzed from November 2021 to January 2022.Results Among the 6049 toddlers included in the analysis[22.7(4.1)months;44.8%girls],71 were identified and diagnosed with ASD.Compared with the unexposed toddlers,toddlers with pre-conceptional SHS exposure had higher odds of ASD(OR 2.30,95%CI 1.36–3.84),while we observed a non-significantly positive association regarding prenatal SHS exposure.When considering both pre-conceptional and prenatal periods,toddlers who were continuously exposed to SHS during these two periods had higher odds than those without SHS exposure(OR 2.32,95%CI 1.24–4.14).Conclusion We reported positive SHS–ASD associations when exposed during the pre-conceptional period and continuously exposed during pre-conceptional and prenatal periods,emphasizing the critical window of pre-conception for targeted intervention on smoking.展开更多
<strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of this mixed methods research was to develop an educational comic booklet to prevent pregnant women’s exposure to secondhand smoke. <strong>Methods:</strong> We ...<strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of this mixed methods research was to develop an educational comic booklet to prevent pregnant women’s exposure to secondhand smoke. <strong>Methods:</strong> We assessed the suitability of the comic booklet by measuring participant response to content, literacy demand, graphics, layout and typography, learning stimulation, motivation, and cultural appropriateness. The participants were 17 Indonesians living in Japan who were recruited through Respondent-Driven-Sampling and met all criteria for the survey. Means and standard deviations were used to determine the suitability of the educational comic. <strong>Results:</strong> About 80% of participants rated the comic as “superior” on a rating scale with options of “superior”, “adequate”, “not suitable”, or “not applicable”. The most successful aspects of the comic were content and cultural appropriateness, as it provided clear contents and the graphics showed realistic Indonesian smoking behavior. The least successful aspect of the comic was the literacy demand because there were long sentences using difficult words. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The results of this study may be used to conduct a randomized controlled trial using this comic booklet with some modifications.展开更多
Background: Recent studies further expose the dangers of secondhand smoke (SHS) to smokers and nonsmokers alike. The health care visit provides a face-to-face opportunity to deliver vital information about those dange...Background: Recent studies further expose the dangers of secondhand smoke (SHS) to smokers and nonsmokers alike. The health care visit provides a face-to-face opportunity to deliver vital information about those dangers, yet, little is known about primary care providers (PCPs) who address this topic with their patients in clinical practice. Purpose: We examined primary care providers’ advice to patients regarding SHS exposure and the factors promoting such communication. Methods: Data from 3 years (2008, 2009, and 2010) of physician questionnaires (approximately 1250 family/general practitioners, internists, and obstetricians/gynecologists (OBs/GYNs) were used to examine physician advice to patients with children, to smokers and to nonsmokers to prevent or avoid SHS exposure. Using 2010 data we evaluated descriptive statistics and logistic regression for offering patient advice regarding SHS exposure. Results: Web-based data revealed that almost 90% of PCPs advise patients with children to keep their children from being exposed to SHS, 80% advise patients who smoke to avoid exposing others to SHS in their homes and cars, and 70% advise nonsmokers to avoid general exposure to SHS. Logistic regression analysis indicated that OB/GYNs were less likely to engage in SHS counseling than their family practice/general practitioner colleagues. Conclusions: Physician efforts advising patients to avoid SHS exposure varied little in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Primary care providers, particularly OB/GYNs, are encouraged to advise their patients during routine visits to avoid SHS exposure that could compromise fetal health and growth. More extensive tobacco education and targeted specialty guidelines may be展开更多
Objective:To review the literature on associations between cardiovascular diseases and tobacco use,including recent trends in smoking behaviors and clinical approaches for cessation of smoking.Methods:A literature rev...Objective:To review the literature on associations between cardiovascular diseases and tobacco use,including recent trends in smoking behaviors and clinical approaches for cessation of smoking.Methods:A literature review of recent scientifi c fi ndings for smoking and cardiovascular diseases and recommendations for obtaining cessation.Results:Tobacco smoking is causally related to cardiovascular disease,with nearly a half million deaths annually attributed to cigarette smoking in the United States.The human,economic,medical,and indirect costs are enormous.Secondhand smoke as inhaled from the environment also plays an important role in the genesis of cardiovascular diseases.A recent trend in the use of e-cigarettes is noted particularly among youth.For children,prevention is the best strategy.For adult smokers,behavioral treatments,self-help approaches,and pharmacologic therapies are readily available.Clinicians can have a signifi cant impact on patients’smoking habits.Adding to individual strategies,regulatory community and public health approaches provide the potential for eliminating the use of tobacco.Conclusion:Tobacco smoke causes cardiovascular morbidity and death.Clinicians can play a role in preventing smoking and promoting cessation.展开更多
This paper aims to identify the antecedents of buying behavior for secondhand clothing among millennials,as well as to determine their underlying causal relationships.Upon a comprehensive literature search,a total of ...This paper aims to identify the antecedents of buying behavior for secondhand clothing among millennials,as well as to determine their underlying causal relationships.Upon a comprehensive literature search,a total of 18 antecedents were found,and these are categorized into three motives,namely,economic,hedonic and recreational,and critical.As a case study in the Philippines,a focus group discussion among experts who are active millennial secondhand clothing users and buyers were tasked to identify the antecedents they have experienced and further confirm those extracted from the literature.To establish the causal relationships of these antecedents,categorize them into net causes or net effects,and address the vagueness associated with the decision-making process,a fuzzy DEMATEL method is used.Results reveal that avoidance of conventional channels proves to be the antecedent providing the highest impact among all other antecedents.Uniqueness,high quality,and fashion trend found to be the antecedents with the highest impacts received,making them the major net effects.Findings from this work hope to provide a framework among practitioners that would lead to a better understanding of millennials’buying behavior for secondhand clothing.展开更多
About millions of people die yearly due to tobacco use.A number that has been estimated byWorld Health Organization will be double in next 15 years.Over the past decade significant progress has been made around thewor...About millions of people die yearly due to tobacco use.A number that has been estimated byWorld Health Organization will be double in next 15 years.Over the past decade significant progress has been made around theworld in controlling involuntary exposure of nonsmokers to the Secondhand smoke(SHS).In some country expanding workplace restriction now protect a majority of working adults,but the home remains the most important exposure setting for children.The BIDI is often called the poor man’s cigarette and is perhaps the cheapest tobacco smoking product in the world.Most often found in India,it is more harmful than cigarette and is one of the major sources for Secondhand smoke.展开更多
基金supported by Bloomberg Initiative to Reduce Tobacco Use, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation the Centers for Disease Control Foundation and World Health Organization (WHO).Project No:HQTFI081955
文摘Objective To determine the extent of secondhand smoke exposure in China, and to explore the potential associated factors. Methods This study was a nationally representative household survey examining secondhand smoke exposure of non-institutionalized men and women aged 15 and older using a global standardized geographically clustered sample design. A total of 13 354 people completed the individual questionnaire with questions on gender, age, educational level, residence, profession, potential factors associated with secondhand smoke exposure, and workplace smoking policy. The data were used to determine whole population estimates of secondhand smoke exposure. Results Among non-smokers aged 15 years and older, it was estimated that 72.4% （556 million） were exposed to secondhand smoke, with 52.5% （292 million） exposed to secondhand smoke daily. The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure was 74.1% for men, 71.6% for women, 70.5% for urban populations, and 74.2% for rural populations. The rates were 67.3%, 63.3%, and 72.7% respectively, within the household, indoor workplaces and public places. Secondhand smoke exposure was significantly reduced in workplaces with a smoking ban but not in workplaces with a partial smoking ban. Conclusion Although China has made some progress toward a smoke-free environment there remains a high degree of exposure to secondhand smoke.
基金supported by Bloomberg Initiative to Reduce Tobacco Use, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation the Center for Disease Control Foundation and World Health Organization (WHO).Project No.HQTFI081955
文摘Objective To determine the level of awareness of the hazards of tobacco smoking and secondhand smoke inhalation among adults in China. Methods Household surveys were conducted with a total of 13 354 respondents aged 15 years or over from 100 counties of 28 Chinese provinces using a stratified multi-stage geographically clustered sample design. Results The findings revealed that 81.8% of the population was aware that smoking causes serious diseases, and 27.2% and 38.7% were aware that smoking causes stroke and heart attack, respectively. Only 64.3% of respondents were aware that secondhand smoke can cause serious diseases, and 27.5%, 51.0%, and 52.6% were aware that secondhand smoke causes heart disease in adults, lung disease in children and lung cancer in adults, respectively. Awareness regarding smoking-related hazards across all participants was significantly associated with several factors, including gender, smoking status, urban/rural residency, education level and exposure to tobacco control publicity in the last 30 days. Awareness regarding tobacco-related hazards in smokers was significantly associated with urban/rural residency, education level, exposure to tobacco control publicity in the last 30 days, and physician＇s advice. Awareness relating to the hazards of inhaling secondhand smoke was associated with smoking status, urban/rural residency, age, education level, and exposure to tobacco control publicity in the last 30 days. Medical professionals were found to know more about the health hazards of tobacco compared with people in other types of employment. Conclusions Overall awareness of the health hazards of tobacco has improved in the last 15 years in China, but is still relatively poor. Improved means of communicating information and more effective warning labels on cigarette packaging are necessary for increasing public awareness of tobacco hazards, particularly among rural residents and people with less education.
文摘Tobacco use remains one of the leading preventable causes of morbidity and mortality globally,with nicotine addiction significantly impacting health outcomes.This literature review explores the multifaceted nature of tobacco use and its health implications,emphasizing the role of nursing interventions in smoking cessation.The review highlights various strategies employed by nurses,including assessment,counseling,pharmacotherapy support,and behavioral interventions,which are essential for effective tobacco cessation.By analyzing current evidence-based practices,the study underscores the importance of comprehensive assessments and personalized care plans tailored to individual patient needs.It also addresses the significance of motivational interviewing and the 5 A’s framework in facilitating successful quit attempts.In addition,the review discusses the integration of cognitive-behavioral therapy and stress management techniques as vital components of behavioral interventions.Recommendations for improving tobacco cessation efforts include enhanced training for healthcare professionals,the establishment of community-based support groups,and advocacy for robust tobacco control policies.The findings underscore the critical need for ongoing research into the long-term effectiveness of cessation interventions across diverse populations.This study aims to inform nursing practice and public health policy,ultimately contributing to the reduction of tobacco-related health issues and promoting healthier communities.
基金This work was supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,China(2019B030335001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(82103794)the National Social Science Foundation of China(20&ZD296).
文摘Background Despite extensive research evaluating the association between prenatal exposure to secondhand smoke(SHS)and the development of autism spectrum disorders(ASD),no study has investigated the association by considering the pre-conceptional period.This study aimed to investigate the associations of pre-conceptional and prenatal SHS exposure and the development of ASD among toddlers.Methods In this cross-sectional study,parents of 6049 toddlers aged 16–30 months were recruited from 7 tertiary hospitals,21 communities,and 7 kindergartens located in seven cities in six provinces from five geographical regions of China.We analyzed the associations of SHS exposure and the odds of ASD among toddlers in different exposure windows(pre-conceptional and/or prenatal periods).Data were analyzed from November 2021 to January 2022.Results Among the 6049 toddlers included in the analysis[22.7(4.1)months;44.8%girls],71 were identified and diagnosed with ASD.Compared with the unexposed toddlers,toddlers with pre-conceptional SHS exposure had higher odds of ASD(OR 2.30,95%CI 1.36–3.84),while we observed a non-significantly positive association regarding prenatal SHS exposure.When considering both pre-conceptional and prenatal periods,toddlers who were continuously exposed to SHS during these two periods had higher odds than those without SHS exposure(OR 2.32,95%CI 1.24–4.14).Conclusion We reported positive SHS–ASD associations when exposed during the pre-conceptional period and continuously exposed during pre-conceptional and prenatal periods,emphasizing the critical window of pre-conception for targeted intervention on smoking.
文摘<strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of this mixed methods research was to develop an educational comic booklet to prevent pregnant women’s exposure to secondhand smoke. <strong>Methods:</strong> We assessed the suitability of the comic booklet by measuring participant response to content, literacy demand, graphics, layout and typography, learning stimulation, motivation, and cultural appropriateness. The participants were 17 Indonesians living in Japan who were recruited through Respondent-Driven-Sampling and met all criteria for the survey. Means and standard deviations were used to determine the suitability of the educational comic. <strong>Results:</strong> About 80% of participants rated the comic as “superior” on a rating scale with options of “superior”, “adequate”, “not suitable”, or “not applicable”. The most successful aspects of the comic were content and cultural appropriateness, as it provided clear contents and the graphics showed realistic Indonesian smoking behavior. The least successful aspect of the comic was the literacy demand because there were long sentences using difficult words. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The results of this study may be used to conduct a randomized controlled trial using this comic booklet with some modifications.
文摘Background: Recent studies further expose the dangers of secondhand smoke (SHS) to smokers and nonsmokers alike. The health care visit provides a face-to-face opportunity to deliver vital information about those dangers, yet, little is known about primary care providers (PCPs) who address this topic with their patients in clinical practice. Purpose: We examined primary care providers’ advice to patients regarding SHS exposure and the factors promoting such communication. Methods: Data from 3 years (2008, 2009, and 2010) of physician questionnaires (approximately 1250 family/general practitioners, internists, and obstetricians/gynecologists (OBs/GYNs) were used to examine physician advice to patients with children, to smokers and to nonsmokers to prevent or avoid SHS exposure. Using 2010 data we evaluated descriptive statistics and logistic regression for offering patient advice regarding SHS exposure. Results: Web-based data revealed that almost 90% of PCPs advise patients with children to keep their children from being exposed to SHS, 80% advise patients who smoke to avoid exposing others to SHS in their homes and cars, and 70% advise nonsmokers to avoid general exposure to SHS. Logistic regression analysis indicated that OB/GYNs were less likely to engage in SHS counseling than their family practice/general practitioner colleagues. Conclusions: Physician efforts advising patients to avoid SHS exposure varied little in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Primary care providers, particularly OB/GYNs, are encouraged to advise their patients during routine visits to avoid SHS exposure that could compromise fetal health and growth. More extensive tobacco education and targeted specialty guidelines may be
文摘Objective:To review the literature on associations between cardiovascular diseases and tobacco use,including recent trends in smoking behaviors and clinical approaches for cessation of smoking.Methods:A literature review of recent scientifi c fi ndings for smoking and cardiovascular diseases and recommendations for obtaining cessation.Results:Tobacco smoking is causally related to cardiovascular disease,with nearly a half million deaths annually attributed to cigarette smoking in the United States.The human,economic,medical,and indirect costs are enormous.Secondhand smoke as inhaled from the environment also plays an important role in the genesis of cardiovascular diseases.A recent trend in the use of e-cigarettes is noted particularly among youth.For children,prevention is the best strategy.For adult smokers,behavioral treatments,self-help approaches,and pharmacologic therapies are readily available.Clinicians can have a signifi cant impact on patients’smoking habits.Adding to individual strategies,regulatory community and public health approaches provide the potential for eliminating the use of tobacco.Conclusion:Tobacco smoke causes cardiovascular morbidity and death.Clinicians can play a role in preventing smoking and promoting cessation.
文摘This paper aims to identify the antecedents of buying behavior for secondhand clothing among millennials,as well as to determine their underlying causal relationships.Upon a comprehensive literature search,a total of 18 antecedents were found,and these are categorized into three motives,namely,economic,hedonic and recreational,and critical.As a case study in the Philippines,a focus group discussion among experts who are active millennial secondhand clothing users and buyers were tasked to identify the antecedents they have experienced and further confirm those extracted from the literature.To establish the causal relationships of these antecedents,categorize them into net causes or net effects,and address the vagueness associated with the decision-making process,a fuzzy DEMATEL method is used.Results reveal that avoidance of conventional channels proves to be the antecedent providing the highest impact among all other antecedents.Uniqueness,high quality,and fashion trend found to be the antecedents with the highest impacts received,making them the major net effects.Findings from this work hope to provide a framework among practitioners that would lead to a better understanding of millennials’buying behavior for secondhand clothing.
文摘About millions of people die yearly due to tobacco use.A number that has been estimated byWorld Health Organization will be double in next 15 years.Over the past decade significant progress has been made around theworld in controlling involuntary exposure of nonsmokers to the Secondhand smoke(SHS).In some country expanding workplace restriction now protect a majority of working adults,but the home remains the most important exposure setting for children.The BIDI is often called the poor man’s cigarette and is perhaps the cheapest tobacco smoking product in the world.Most often found in India,it is more harmful than cigarette and is one of the major sources for Secondhand smoke.
