The spatial concentrations, seasonal trends, profiles and congener pairs of ambient polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins （PCDDs） and polychlorinated dibenzofurans （PCDFs） were investigated within a seasonally active ...The spatial concentrations, seasonal trends, profiles and congener pairs of ambient polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins （PCDDs） and polychlorinated dibenzofurans （PCDFs） were investigated within a seasonally active sampling scheme during Jun 2008 and Jan 2009 in Tianjin City, northern China. The PCDD/F concentrations ranged 14.2-172 fg I-TEQ/m3 （average 69.3 fg I-TEQ/m3） in summer and （89.8-1.01） x 103 fg I-TEQ/m3 （average 509 fg I-TEQ/m3） in winter, respectively, except for the E-waste dismantling site where much higher values were observed （1.04 x 103 fg I-TEQ]m3 in summer and 7.123 x 103 fg I-TEQ/m3 in winter）. The results indicated a significantly seasonal trend with higher TEQ values in winter as compared with summer, which could be related to increased emission sources and seasonal variations of the atmospheric boundary layer height. 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF was the dominant contributor to the total PCDD/F toxic equivalents, and 2,3,7,8-TCDD was detected at almost all the sampling sites in winter. Most of the similarly substituted PCDD/F congener pairs exhibited high correlations, suggesting that they might have similar environmental fate or sources. But different seasonal and spatial distributions of PCDD/F concentrations indicated that the emission sources might be intermittent.展开更多
利用2000—2013年MODIS-Terra卫星产品提供的气溶胶光学厚度(aerosol optical depth,AOD)资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料集,使用奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)方法,分析了夏季东亚地区AOD与到达地面太阳辐射(downward solar...利用2000—2013年MODIS-Terra卫星产品提供的气溶胶光学厚度(aerosol optical depth,AOD)资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料集,使用奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)方法,分析了夏季东亚地区AOD与到达地面太阳辐射(downward solar radiation flux,DSRF)相联系的主要模态,并分析了其与夏季风变化的关系。夏季多年平均的AOD分布显示,在东亚地区存在两个AOD大值区(>0.9),分别位于山东、河南、河北交界处附近以及苏中部分地区。而在福建、台湾及其附近洋面上,夏季AOD的值小于0.4。地面太阳辐射总体上呈现出由南往北递增的分布。比较发现,AOD与地面太阳辐射的气候分布较为相似。在保留季节趋势的情况下,运用SVD方法对两者进行分解,结果表明东亚地区AOD与地面太阳辐射表现出较好的正相关关系。由于相对于年际变化而言,季节趋势是更为主要的部分,因而这种同相关系可归因于季风活动的季节性进程。利用SVD1左场时间系数进行相关分析发现:6月(2013年除外),当中国东部气溶胶AOD大而地面太阳辐射亦大时,在中国东南部以及日本岛南部地区,由于气流辐合增强和存在较强的上升运动,降水偏多,而由于副高位置偏南,使得中国中东部偏北地区水汽供应偏弱,降水偏少。由于地面净太阳辐射增强,华北部分地区异常增暖。8月,大陆上空AOD为负(时间系数为负),地面太阳辐射减少,北方降水增多而南方降水减少,华北地区有一小范围的异常降温。上述结果表明北方气溶胶明显偏少时,云量增加,降水将增多,且辐射明显减弱;说明夏季风的季节进程对气溶胶、到达地面的太阳辐射变化等具有重要影响。展开更多
The passenger transportation, as an important index to describe the scale of aviation passenger transport, prediction and research, can let us understand the future trend of the aviation passenger transport, according...The passenger transportation, as an important index to describe the scale of aviation passenger transport, prediction and research, can let us understand the future trend of the aviation passenger transport, according to it, the airline can make corresponding marketing strategy adjustment. Combining with the knowledge of time series let us understand the characteristics of passenger transportation change, the R software is used to fit the data, so as to establish the ARIMA(1,1,8) model to describe the civil aviation passenger transport developing trend in the future and to make reasonable predictions.展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China for the Project of Toxic Substances in the Atmosphere and Their Effect to the Soilthe National Basic Research Program (973) of China(No.2009CB421600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20897011, 20907059)
文摘The spatial concentrations, seasonal trends, profiles and congener pairs of ambient polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins （PCDDs） and polychlorinated dibenzofurans （PCDFs） were investigated within a seasonally active sampling scheme during Jun 2008 and Jan 2009 in Tianjin City, northern China. The PCDD/F concentrations ranged 14.2-172 fg I-TEQ/m3 （average 69.3 fg I-TEQ/m3） in summer and （89.8-1.01） x 103 fg I-TEQ/m3 （average 509 fg I-TEQ/m3） in winter, respectively, except for the E-waste dismantling site where much higher values were observed （1.04 x 103 fg I-TEQ]m3 in summer and 7.123 x 103 fg I-TEQ/m3 in winter）. The results indicated a significantly seasonal trend with higher TEQ values in winter as compared with summer, which could be related to increased emission sources and seasonal variations of the atmospheric boundary layer height. 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF was the dominant contributor to the total PCDD/F toxic equivalents, and 2,3,7,8-TCDD was detected at almost all the sampling sites in winter. Most of the similarly substituted PCDD/F congener pairs exhibited high correlations, suggesting that they might have similar environmental fate or sources. But different seasonal and spatial distributions of PCDD/F concentrations indicated that the emission sources might be intermittent.
文摘利用2000—2013年MODIS-Terra卫星产品提供的气溶胶光学厚度(aerosol optical depth,AOD)资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料集,使用奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)方法,分析了夏季东亚地区AOD与到达地面太阳辐射(downward solar radiation flux,DSRF)相联系的主要模态,并分析了其与夏季风变化的关系。夏季多年平均的AOD分布显示,在东亚地区存在两个AOD大值区(>0.9),分别位于山东、河南、河北交界处附近以及苏中部分地区。而在福建、台湾及其附近洋面上,夏季AOD的值小于0.4。地面太阳辐射总体上呈现出由南往北递增的分布。比较发现,AOD与地面太阳辐射的气候分布较为相似。在保留季节趋势的情况下,运用SVD方法对两者进行分解,结果表明东亚地区AOD与地面太阳辐射表现出较好的正相关关系。由于相对于年际变化而言,季节趋势是更为主要的部分,因而这种同相关系可归因于季风活动的季节性进程。利用SVD1左场时间系数进行相关分析发现:6月(2013年除外),当中国东部气溶胶AOD大而地面太阳辐射亦大时,在中国东南部以及日本岛南部地区,由于气流辐合增强和存在较强的上升运动,降水偏多,而由于副高位置偏南,使得中国中东部偏北地区水汽供应偏弱,降水偏少。由于地面净太阳辐射增强,华北部分地区异常增暖。8月,大陆上空AOD为负(时间系数为负),地面太阳辐射减少,北方降水增多而南方降水减少,华北地区有一小范围的异常降温。上述结果表明北方气溶胶明显偏少时,云量增加,降水将增多,且辐射明显减弱;说明夏季风的季节进程对气溶胶、到达地面的太阳辐射变化等具有重要影响。
文摘The passenger transportation, as an important index to describe the scale of aviation passenger transport, prediction and research, can let us understand the future trend of the aviation passenger transport, according to it, the airline can make corresponding marketing strategy adjustment. Combining with the knowledge of time series let us understand the characteristics of passenger transportation change, the R software is used to fit the data, so as to establish the ARIMA(1,1,8) model to describe the civil aviation passenger transport developing trend in the future and to make reasonable predictions.
