Subsequent to a peripheral nerve injury, there are changes in gene expression within the dorsal root ganglia in response to the damage. This review selects factors which are well-known to be vital for inflammation, ce...Subsequent to a peripheral nerve injury, there are changes in gene expression within the dorsal root ganglia in response to the damage. This review selects factors which are well-known to be vital for inflammation, cell death and nociception, and highlights how alterations in their gene expression within the dorsal root ganglia can affect functional recovery. The majority of studies used polymerase chain reaction within animal models to analyse the dynamic changes following peripheral nerve injuries. This review aims to highlight the factors at the gene expression level that impede functional recovery and are hence are potential targets for therapeutic approaches. Where possible the experimental model, specific time-points and cellular location of expression levels are reported.展开更多
背景:研究表明,背根神经节中主要的胶质细胞类型——卫星胶质细胞,可以通过多种途径与背根神经元胞体相互作用和信息交流,参与慢性疼痛的发生与调节。以往研究重点集中在卫星胶质细胞敏化神经元胞体,对于两者间抑制性调节关注较少,且迄...背景:研究表明,背根神经节中主要的胶质细胞类型——卫星胶质细胞,可以通过多种途径与背根神经元胞体相互作用和信息交流,参与慢性疼痛的发生与调节。以往研究重点集中在卫星胶质细胞敏化神经元胞体,对于两者间抑制性调节关注较少,且迄今为止两者间交流尚未见有研究进行汇总,并讨论其内在联系。目的:从卫星胶质细胞与神经元的结构形态、离子通道、蛋白受体等方面,以及相邻卫星胶质细胞间相互作用的角度,对近年来两者间可能存在的相互作用、信息交流等机制的研究进行综述。方法:以"pain,satellite glial cell,DRG"和"疼痛,卫星胶质细胞,背根神经节,缝隙连接"为检索词,检索了在PubMed、Web of Science、SinoMed及CNKI数据库收录的2008年1月至2019年2月的相关文献,并追踪所得文献中所引用的相关性较高的参考文献,最终筛选出77篇相关度较高的文献进行分析。结果与结论:在背根神经节中,卫星胶质细胞包绕单个神经元形成的卫星胶质细胞鞘,通过"神经元-卫星胶质细胞"这一功能单位,实现了相邻神经元之间的相互调控。大多数的文献支持了卫星胶质细胞在慢性疼痛疾病发生过程中起着发生、维持的重要作用;但是,也有部分文献发现卫星胶质细胞与神经元之间存在抑制性调节,激活P2Y1受体、谷氨酸转运体都可以抑制疼痛的发生,在背根神经节中调节P2Y1受体、谷氨酸转运体的活性可以作为治疗疼痛的新靶点。展开更多
Satellite glial cells surround neurons within dorsal root ganglia. Previous studies have focused on single-cell suspensions of cultured neurons derived from rat dorsal root ganglia. At present, the primary culture met...Satellite glial cells surround neurons within dorsal root ganglia. Previous studies have focused on single-cell suspensions of cultured neurons derived from rat dorsal root ganglia. At present, the primary culture method for satellite glial cells derived from rat dorsal root ganglia requires no digestion skill. Hence, the aim of the present study was to establish a novel primary culture method for satellite glial cells derived from dorsal root ganglia. Neonatal rat spine was collected and an incision made to expose the transverse protrusion and remove dorsal root ganglia. Dorsal root ganglia were freed from nerve fibers, connective tissue, and capsule membranes, then rinsed and transferred to 6-well plates, and cultured in a humidified 5% CO_2 incubator at 37°C. After 3 days in culture, some cells had migrated from dorsal root ganglia. After subculture, cells were identified by immunofluorescence labeling for three satellite glial cell-specific markers: glutamine synthetase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S100β. Cultured cells expressed glutamine synthetase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S100β, suggesting they are satellite glial cells with a purity of > 95%. Thus, we have successfully established a novel primary culture method for obtaining high-purity satellite glial cells from rat dorsal root ganglia without digestion.展开更多
基金supported by the Hargreaves and Ball Trust,the National Institute for Health Research(II-LA-0313-20003)(to AJR)the Rosetrees Trust,the Academy of Medical Sciences,and the Manchester Regenerative Medicine Network(MaRMN)(to AF and AJR)Progetto Eccellenza from the Italian Ministry of Research(to VM)
文摘Subsequent to a peripheral nerve injury, there are changes in gene expression within the dorsal root ganglia in response to the damage. This review selects factors which are well-known to be vital for inflammation, cell death and nociception, and highlights how alterations in their gene expression within the dorsal root ganglia can affect functional recovery. The majority of studies used polymerase chain reaction within animal models to analyse the dynamic changes following peripheral nerve injuries. This review aims to highlight the factors at the gene expression level that impede functional recovery and are hence are potential targets for therapeutic approaches. Where possible the experimental model, specific time-points and cellular location of expression levels are reported.
文摘背景:研究表明,背根神经节中主要的胶质细胞类型——卫星胶质细胞,可以通过多种途径与背根神经元胞体相互作用和信息交流,参与慢性疼痛的发生与调节。以往研究重点集中在卫星胶质细胞敏化神经元胞体,对于两者间抑制性调节关注较少,且迄今为止两者间交流尚未见有研究进行汇总,并讨论其内在联系。目的:从卫星胶质细胞与神经元的结构形态、离子通道、蛋白受体等方面,以及相邻卫星胶质细胞间相互作用的角度,对近年来两者间可能存在的相互作用、信息交流等机制的研究进行综述。方法:以"pain,satellite glial cell,DRG"和"疼痛,卫星胶质细胞,背根神经节,缝隙连接"为检索词,检索了在PubMed、Web of Science、SinoMed及CNKI数据库收录的2008年1月至2019年2月的相关文献,并追踪所得文献中所引用的相关性较高的参考文献,最终筛选出77篇相关度较高的文献进行分析。结果与结论:在背根神经节中,卫星胶质细胞包绕单个神经元形成的卫星胶质细胞鞘,通过"神经元-卫星胶质细胞"这一功能单位,实现了相邻神经元之间的相互调控。大多数的文献支持了卫星胶质细胞在慢性疼痛疾病发生过程中起着发生、维持的重要作用;但是,也有部分文献发现卫星胶质细胞与神经元之间存在抑制性调节,激活P2Y1受体、谷氨酸转运体都可以抑制疼痛的发生,在背根神经节中调节P2Y1受体、谷氨酸转运体的活性可以作为治疗疼痛的新靶点。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31560295(to LYL)the Priority Union Foundation of Yunnan Department of Science and Technology and Kunming Medical University of China,No.2015FB098(to JHG)+1 种基金the Project of Major Scientific and Technological Achievements Cultivation of Kunming Medical University of China,No.CGPY201802(to LYL)the Health Science and Technology Plan Projects of Yunnan Province of China,No.2014NS202(to JHG)
文摘Satellite glial cells surround neurons within dorsal root ganglia. Previous studies have focused on single-cell suspensions of cultured neurons derived from rat dorsal root ganglia. At present, the primary culture method for satellite glial cells derived from rat dorsal root ganglia requires no digestion skill. Hence, the aim of the present study was to establish a novel primary culture method for satellite glial cells derived from dorsal root ganglia. Neonatal rat spine was collected and an incision made to expose the transverse protrusion and remove dorsal root ganglia. Dorsal root ganglia were freed from nerve fibers, connective tissue, and capsule membranes, then rinsed and transferred to 6-well plates, and cultured in a humidified 5% CO_2 incubator at 37°C. After 3 days in culture, some cells had migrated from dorsal root ganglia. After subculture, cells were identified by immunofluorescence labeling for three satellite glial cell-specific markers: glutamine synthetase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S100β. Cultured cells expressed glutamine synthetase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S100β, suggesting they are satellite glial cells with a purity of > 95%. Thus, we have successfully established a novel primary culture method for obtaining high-purity satellite glial cells from rat dorsal root ganglia without digestion.
