The aim of this study was to assess the effects and safety of salicylates on type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. We searched six databases （Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MED- LINE, EMBASE, CBM, CNKI ...The aim of this study was to assess the effects and safety of salicylates on type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. We searched six databases （Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MED- LINE, EMBASE, CBM, CNKI and VIP） for all randomized controlled trials （RCTs） and self-control studies which investigated the effects of salicylates on T2DM. We included 34 RCTs and 17 self-control studies involving 13 464 patients with T2DM. It was demonstrated that salicylates had obvious effects on several parameters for patients with T2DM. （1） Any dose of salicylates could significantly reduce HbAIc level [mean difference （MD） -0.39%; 95% C1-0.47 to -0.32] in RCTs, but only high doses of salicylates （〉3000 mg/day） could effectively reduce fasting plasma glucose （FPG） level [standardized mean difference （SMD） -1.05; 95% CI -1.47 to -0.62] for patients with T2DM in both RCTs and self-control studies. Furthermore, high doses of salicylates could also increase plasma fasting insulin level （MD 12.20 mU/L; 95% CI 3.33 to 21.07）; （2） In both RCTs and self-control studies, high doses of salicylates could significantly reduce plasma triglycerides concentration. The results for RCTs were MD -0.44 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.71 to 4）.18, and those for self-control studies were 227±29 mg/dL （pre-treatment） and 117±8 mg/dL （post-treatment） （P=-0.009）; （3） All trials which reported cardiovascu- lar events were RCTs using low doses （〈1000 mg/day） of salicylates, and it was revealed that aspirin could significantly reduce the risk of myocardial infarction （OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.92）; （4） Two RCTs and two self-control studies with 〉3000 mg/day salicylates reported adverse effects, and the over- all effects were mild, and tinnitus occurred most frequently. No evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding was found in all these studies. In conclusion, from our systematic review, the anti-diabetic effect of salicylates is in a dose-dependent manner. High doses of salicylates may ha展开更多
5-aminosalicylic acid （mesalamine） rarely induces hyper- sensitivity reactions. If chest pain associated with atypical electrocardiographic changes are seen during its administration, one should always bear in mind ...5-aminosalicylic acid （mesalamine） rarely induces hyper- sensitivity reactions. If chest pain associated with atypical electrocardiographic changes are seen during its administration, one should always bear in mind type I variant of Kounis syndrome. This variant includes patients, of any age, with normal coronary arteries, without predisposing factors for coronary artery disease, in whom the acute release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells can induce either sudden coronary artery narrowing, without increase of cardiac enzymes and troponins, or coronary artery spasm that progresses to acute myocardial infarction, with elevated cardiac enzymes and troponins.展开更多
Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by C1 complement inhibitor deficiency and unregulated activation of complement. Aspirin hypersensitivity is related to an in...Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by C1 complement inhibitor deficiency and unregulated activation of complement. Aspirin hypersensitivity is related to an increase in the amount of leukotrienes with eosinophil and mast cell activation and increased levels of glandular kallikrein with upregulated local conversion of bradykinin. Both conditions can be present in the same patient. Objectives: We present five patients with HAE;they were all being treated in similar ways according to the therapeuthic options available in our institute (danazol). However, three of them had recurrent episodes of angioedema;in these cases, it was identified aspirin hypersensitivity as a cause of poor disease control. A review of the literature is included. Case Presentation: We present the cases of four females and one male (age range 21 - 58 years) with type I HAE. Subjects were all ISSSTE beneficiaries (state workers) treated at the National Medical Center “20 de Noviembre”. Aspirin hypersensitivity was identified in three patients. Elimination of NSAIDs along with dietary elimination of high salicylate-containing foods improved control of angioedema crisis (severe and/ or recurrent episodes). Discussion: Aspirin hypersensitivity was identified as a factor for poor control in our patients with HAE. Such cases improved with dietary elimination of high salicylate-containing foods and avoidance of NSAIDs. Conclusions: This is the first report of patients with HAE and aspirin hypersensitivity as a cause of poor control. We recommend a deliberate search of these comorbidities, especially in cases of poor disease control. Further studies are needed to continue the investigation on this topic.展开更多
Jasmonates （JAs） are plant hormones with essential roles in plant defense and development. The basic- helix-loop-helix （bHLH） transcription factor （TF） MYC2 has recently emerged as a master regulator of most asp...Jasmonates （JAs） are plant hormones with essential roles in plant defense and development. The basic- helix-loop-helix （bHLH） transcription factor （TF） MYC2 has recently emerged as a master regulator of most aspects of the jasmonate （JA） signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. MYC2 coordinates JA-mediated defense responses by antagonistically regulating two different branches of the JA signaling pathway that determine resistance to pests and pathogens, respectively. MYC2 is required for induced systemic resistance （ISR） triggered by beneficial soil microbes while MYC2 function is targeted by pathogens during effector-mediated suppression of innate immunity in roots. Another notable function of MYC2 is the regulation of crosstalk between the signaling pathways of JA and those of other phytohormones such as abscisic acid （ABA）, salicylic acid （SA）, gibberellins （GAs）, and auxin （IAA）. MYC2 also regulates interactions between JA signaling and light, phytochrome signaling, and the circadian clock, MYC2 is involved in JA-regulated plant development, lateral and adventitious root formation, flowering time, and shade avoidance syndrome. Related bHLH TFs MYC3 and MYC4 also regulate both overlapping and distinct MYC2-regulated functions in Arabidopsis while MYC2 orthologs act as ＇master switches＇ that regulate JA-mediated biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Here, we briefly review recent studies that revealed mechanistic new insights into the mode of action of this versatile TF.展开更多
文摘The aim of this study was to assess the effects and safety of salicylates on type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. We searched six databases （Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MED- LINE, EMBASE, CBM, CNKI and VIP） for all randomized controlled trials （RCTs） and self-control studies which investigated the effects of salicylates on T2DM. We included 34 RCTs and 17 self-control studies involving 13 464 patients with T2DM. It was demonstrated that salicylates had obvious effects on several parameters for patients with T2DM. （1） Any dose of salicylates could significantly reduce HbAIc level [mean difference （MD） -0.39%; 95% C1-0.47 to -0.32] in RCTs, but only high doses of salicylates （〉3000 mg/day） could effectively reduce fasting plasma glucose （FPG） level [standardized mean difference （SMD） -1.05; 95% CI -1.47 to -0.62] for patients with T2DM in both RCTs and self-control studies. Furthermore, high doses of salicylates could also increase plasma fasting insulin level （MD 12.20 mU/L; 95% CI 3.33 to 21.07）; （2） In both RCTs and self-control studies, high doses of salicylates could significantly reduce plasma triglycerides concentration. The results for RCTs were MD -0.44 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.71 to 4）.18, and those for self-control studies were 227±29 mg/dL （pre-treatment） and 117±8 mg/dL （post-treatment） （P=-0.009）; （3） All trials which reported cardiovascu- lar events were RCTs using low doses （〈1000 mg/day） of salicylates, and it was revealed that aspirin could significantly reduce the risk of myocardial infarction （OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.92）; （4） Two RCTs and two self-control studies with 〉3000 mg/day salicylates reported adverse effects, and the over- all effects were mild, and tinnitus occurred most frequently. No evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding was found in all these studies. In conclusion, from our systematic review, the anti-diabetic effect of salicylates is in a dose-dependent manner. High doses of salicylates may ha
文摘5-aminosalicylic acid （mesalamine） rarely induces hyper- sensitivity reactions. If chest pain associated with atypical electrocardiographic changes are seen during its administration, one should always bear in mind type I variant of Kounis syndrome. This variant includes patients, of any age, with normal coronary arteries, without predisposing factors for coronary artery disease, in whom the acute release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells can induce either sudden coronary artery narrowing, without increase of cardiac enzymes and troponins, or coronary artery spasm that progresses to acute myocardial infarction, with elevated cardiac enzymes and troponins.
文摘Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by C1 complement inhibitor deficiency and unregulated activation of complement. Aspirin hypersensitivity is related to an increase in the amount of leukotrienes with eosinophil and mast cell activation and increased levels of glandular kallikrein with upregulated local conversion of bradykinin. Both conditions can be present in the same patient. Objectives: We present five patients with HAE;they were all being treated in similar ways according to the therapeuthic options available in our institute (danazol). However, three of them had recurrent episodes of angioedema;in these cases, it was identified aspirin hypersensitivity as a cause of poor disease control. A review of the literature is included. Case Presentation: We present the cases of four females and one male (age range 21 - 58 years) with type I HAE. Subjects were all ISSSTE beneficiaries (state workers) treated at the National Medical Center “20 de Noviembre”. Aspirin hypersensitivity was identified in three patients. Elimination of NSAIDs along with dietary elimination of high salicylate-containing foods improved control of angioedema crisis (severe and/ or recurrent episodes). Discussion: Aspirin hypersensitivity was identified as a factor for poor control in our patients with HAE. Such cases improved with dietary elimination of high salicylate-containing foods and avoidance of NSAIDs. Conclusions: This is the first report of patients with HAE and aspirin hypersensitivity as a cause of poor control. We recommend a deliberate search of these comorbidities, especially in cases of poor disease control. Further studies are needed to continue the investigation on this topic.
文摘Jasmonates （JAs） are plant hormones with essential roles in plant defense and development. The basic- helix-loop-helix （bHLH） transcription factor （TF） MYC2 has recently emerged as a master regulator of most aspects of the jasmonate （JA） signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. MYC2 coordinates JA-mediated defense responses by antagonistically regulating two different branches of the JA signaling pathway that determine resistance to pests and pathogens, respectively. MYC2 is required for induced systemic resistance （ISR） triggered by beneficial soil microbes while MYC2 function is targeted by pathogens during effector-mediated suppression of innate immunity in roots. Another notable function of MYC2 is the regulation of crosstalk between the signaling pathways of JA and those of other phytohormones such as abscisic acid （ABA）, salicylic acid （SA）, gibberellins （GAs）, and auxin （IAA）. MYC2 also regulates interactions between JA signaling and light, phytochrome signaling, and the circadian clock, MYC2 is involved in JA-regulated plant development, lateral and adventitious root formation, flowering time, and shade avoidance syndrome. Related bHLH TFs MYC3 and MYC4 also regulate both overlapping and distinct MYC2-regulated functions in Arabidopsis while MYC2 orthologs act as ＇master switches＇ that regulate JA-mediated biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Here, we briefly review recent studies that revealed mechanistic new insights into the mode of action of this versatile TF.
