Engineering designs for mountainous highways emphasize compliance checking to ensure safety. However, relying solely on compliance checking may lead designers to minimize costs at the expense of high risk indicators, ...Engineering designs for mountainous highways emphasize compliance checking to ensure safety. However, relying solely on compliance checking may lead designers to minimize costs at the expense of high risk indicators, since the overall risk level of the highway design is unknown to the designers. This paper describes a method for the simultaneous consideration of traffic safety risks and the associated cost burden related to the appropriate planning and design of a mountainous highway. The method can be carried out in four steps: First, the highway design is represented by a new parametric framework to extract the key design variables that affect not only the life-cycle cost but also the operational safety. Second, the relationship between the life-cycle cost and the operational safety risk factors is established in the cost-estimation functions. Third, a fault tree analysis (FTA) is introduced to identify the traffic risk factors from the design variables. The safety performance of the design solutions is also assessed by the generalized linear-regression model. Fourth, a theory of acceptable risk analysis is introduced to the traffic safety assessment, and a computing algorithm is proposed to solve for a cost-efficient optimal solution within the range of acceptable risk, in order to help decision-makers. This approach was applied and examined in the Sichuan–Tibet Highway engineering project, which is located in a complex area with a large elevation gradient and a wide range of mountains. The experimental results show that the proposed approach significantly improved both the safety and cost performance of the project in the study area.展开更多
为合理配置煤炭企业安全投入,优化企业安全结构,提高煤炭企业安全效率,结合我国煤炭企业发展实际,采用不变替代弹性(Constant Elasticity of Substitution,CES)生产函数分析方法,对2005—2011年我国煤炭企业安全效率进行评价与分析,进...为合理配置煤炭企业安全投入,优化企业安全结构,提高煤炭企业安全效率,结合我国煤炭企业发展实际,采用不变替代弹性(Constant Elasticity of Substitution,CES)生产函数分析方法,对2005—2011年我国煤炭企业安全效率进行评价与分析,进而利用最小二乘法估计最优CES生产参数,并对煤炭企业安全效率进行优化。结果表明,我国煤炭企业安全效率投入中的研发费用、从业人数、煤炭产量和安全投入比例为1.39∶1∶2.73∶2.28,而优化后的最优投入比例为5∶1∶8.09∶4.82。将CES优化结果与6家安全效率较高的煤炭企业比例(4.68∶1∶7.64∶4.35)相比较,发现二者十分接近,从而论证了该方法的实用性与有效性。研究表明,我国煤炭企业资源利用率低,人员冗余度高,人均安全投入和研发费用严重不足。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71732001, 51878311, and 51678265)the Research Project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (2017-XZ-12).
文摘Engineering designs for mountainous highways emphasize compliance checking to ensure safety. However, relying solely on compliance checking may lead designers to minimize costs at the expense of high risk indicators, since the overall risk level of the highway design is unknown to the designers. This paper describes a method for the simultaneous consideration of traffic safety risks and the associated cost burden related to the appropriate planning and design of a mountainous highway. The method can be carried out in four steps: First, the highway design is represented by a new parametric framework to extract the key design variables that affect not only the life-cycle cost but also the operational safety. Second, the relationship between the life-cycle cost and the operational safety risk factors is established in the cost-estimation functions. Third, a fault tree analysis (FTA) is introduced to identify the traffic risk factors from the design variables. The safety performance of the design solutions is also assessed by the generalized linear-regression model. Fourth, a theory of acceptable risk analysis is introduced to the traffic safety assessment, and a computing algorithm is proposed to solve for a cost-efficient optimal solution within the range of acceptable risk, in order to help decision-makers. This approach was applied and examined in the Sichuan–Tibet Highway engineering project, which is located in a complex area with a large elevation gradient and a wide range of mountains. The experimental results show that the proposed approach significantly improved both the safety and cost performance of the project in the study area.
文摘为合理配置煤炭企业安全投入,优化企业安全结构,提高煤炭企业安全效率,结合我国煤炭企业发展实际,采用不变替代弹性(Constant Elasticity of Substitution,CES)生产函数分析方法,对2005—2011年我国煤炭企业安全效率进行评价与分析,进而利用最小二乘法估计最优CES生产参数,并对煤炭企业安全效率进行优化。结果表明,我国煤炭企业安全效率投入中的研发费用、从业人数、煤炭产量和安全投入比例为1.39∶1∶2.73∶2.28,而优化后的最优投入比例为5∶1∶8.09∶4.82。将CES优化结果与6家安全效率较高的煤炭企业比例(4.68∶1∶7.64∶4.35)相比较,发现二者十分接近,从而论证了该方法的实用性与有效性。研究表明,我国煤炭企业资源利用率低,人员冗余度高,人均安全投入和研发费用严重不足。
