4D printing is proposed based on the additive manufacturing of stimuli-responsive materials and structures,which can realize shape changing upon external stimuli.This article reviews the 4D printing methods and actuat...4D printing is proposed based on the additive manufacturing of stimuli-responsive materials and structures,which can realize shape changing upon external stimuli.This article reviews the 4D printing methods and actuating performances of 4D printing structures based on shape memory polymers,hydrogels,liquid crystal elastomers,and electroactive polymers.This article shows that the shape morphing properties of single materials are limited,while 4D printing of composites can integrate the various driving modes of different smart materials.In the end,challenges facing 4D printing such as broadening the scope of smart materials,improving printing processes,the compatibility of printing different materials have been discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2018YFB1105100,2018YFC2001300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.5167050531,51822504,91848204)+4 种基金the Joint Foundation for Equipment Pre-research of Ministry of Education(Grant No.2018G944J00084)Key Scientific and Technological Project of Jilin Province(Grant No.20180201051GX)the Program for JLU Science and Technology Innovative Research Team(Grant No.2017TD-04)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(Grant No.BX20180126)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2018M641769)。
文摘4D printing is proposed based on the additive manufacturing of stimuli-responsive materials and structures,which can realize shape changing upon external stimuli.This article reviews the 4D printing methods and actuating performances of 4D printing structures based on shape memory polymers,hydrogels,liquid crystal elastomers,and electroactive polymers.This article shows that the shape morphing properties of single materials are limited,while 4D printing of composites can integrate the various driving modes of different smart materials.In the end,challenges facing 4D printing such as broadening the scope of smart materials,improving printing processes,the compatibility of printing different materials have been discussed.
