Plants are capable of reducing environmental pollutions through uptaking contaminants in their tissues. In the study site, twenty one-year-old leaves and shoots as well as twenty soil samples were sampled and analyzed...Plants are capable of reducing environmental pollutions through uptaking contaminants in their tissues. In the study site, twenty one-year-old leaves and shoots as well as twenty soil samples were sampled and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma （ICP）. We investigated the uptaking ability of lead （Pb） and cadmium （Cd） by the leaves and shoots of Platanus orientalis, Robinia pseudoacacia and Fraxinus rotundifolia in Karaj city, the western Tehran, Iran. We also evaluated the total metal accumulation capacity by using metal accumulation index （MAI）. Results indicated that there was no significant difference in uptaking contents of Cd and Pb in the leaves among the trees. However accumulation of Cd in shoots of F. rotundifolia and R. pseudoacacia was significantly higher than that of P. orientalis. The accumulation of Pb in shoots of R. pseudoacacia was significantly higher than the other species. The amount of Pb in the soil of the study area was significantly higher than Cd. Concentrations of Cd and Pb in leaves of the three species are in the ranges of 2.4 2.7 mg Kg-1 and 7.1 14.4 mg Kg-1 , respectively. R. pseudoacacia had the highest MAI value for leaves （2.21） and F. rotundifolia had the highest MAI value for shoots （2.4）.展开更多
Biogeographical barriers to gene flow are central to plant phylogeography.In East Asia,plant distribution is greatly influenced by two phylogeographic breaks,the Mekong-Salween Divide and Tanaka-Kaiyong Line,however,f...Biogeographical barriers to gene flow are central to plant phylogeography.In East Asia,plant distribution is greatly influenced by two phylogeographic breaks,the Mekong-Salween Divide and Tanaka-Kaiyong Line,however,few studies have investigated how these barriers affect the genetic diversity of species that are distributed across both.Here we used 14 microsatellite loci and four chloroplast DNA fragments to examine genetic diversity and distribution patterns of 49 populations of Populus rotundifolia,a species that spans both the Mekong-Salween Divide and the Tanaka-Kaiyong Line in southwestern China.Demographic and migration hypotheses were tested using coalescent-based approaches.Limited historical gene flow was observed between the western and eastern groups of P.rotundifolia,but substantial flow occurred across both the Mekong-Salween Divide and Tanaka-Kaiyong Line,manifesting in clear admixture and high genetic diversity in the central group.Wind-borne pollen and seeds may have facilitated the dispersal of P.rotundifolia following prevalent northwest winds in the spring.We also found that the Hengduan Mountains,where multiple genetic barriers were detected,acted on the whole as a barrier between the western and eastern groups of P.rotundifolia.Ecological niche modeling suggested that P.rotundifolia has undergone range expansion since the last glacial maximum,and demographic reconstruction indicated an earlier population expansion around 600 Ka.The phylogeographic pattern of P.rotundifolia reflects the interplay of biological traits,wind patterns,barriers,niche differentiation,and Quaternary climate history.This study emphasizes the need for multiple lines of evidence in understanding the Quaternary evolution of plants in topographically complex areas.展开更多
[ Objective ] This study aimed to establish the optimal extraction technology of total flavonoids from Vitex rotundifolia and provide a theoretical basis for the utilization and development of V. rotundifolia. [ Metho...[ Objective ] This study aimed to establish the optimal extraction technology of total flavonoids from Vitex rotundifolia and provide a theoretical basis for the utilization and development of V. rotundifolia. [ Method ] With the extraction temperature, extraction time, solid-liquid ratio and ethanol concentration as various factors, the content of total flavonoids as an indicator, the extraction technology of total flavonoids from V. rotundifolia was optimized by orthogonal experiment. [ Result] The optimal combination of extraction conditions was extraction temperature 70℃, extraction time 1 h, solid-liquid ratio 1： 12, ethanol concentration 70%. [Condusion] The optimized extraction technology was simple and efficient for extracting total flavonoids from V. rotundifolia.展开更多
Objective: To document plants used in traditional treatment of malaria in the Awash-Fentale District, the Afar Region of Ethiopia, and to evaluate antimalarial activity of selected ones against Plasmodium berghei in m...Objective: To document plants used in traditional treatment of malaria in the Awash-Fentale District, the Afar Region of Ethiopia, and to evaluate antimalarial activity of selected ones against Plasmodium berghei in mice. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were carried out with purposively selected informants in the District to gather information on plants used in the traditional treatment of malaria. Standard procedures were used to investigate acute toxicity and a four-day suppressive effect of crude aqueous and ethanol extracts of the leaves of the two most frequently cited plants [Aloe trichosantha(A. trichosantha) and Cadaba rotundifolia(C. rotundifolia)] against Plasmodium berghei in Swiss albino mice. Results: The informants cited a total of 17 plants used in the traditional treatment of malaria in Awash-Fentale District. Plant parts were prepared as infusions or decoctions. Leaf was the most commonly cited(44%) plant part, followed by stem(22%). Shrubs were the most frequently cited(63%) medicine source followed by trees(21%). Of the 17 plants, C. rotundifolia and A. trichosantha were the most frequently mentioned plants in the district. Ethanol extracts of the leaves of C. rotundifolia and A. trichosantha suppressed P. berghei parasitaemia significantly accounting for 53.73% and 49.07%, respectively at 900 mg/kg. The plants were found to be non-toxic up to a dose of 1 500 mg/kg. Conclusions: Seventeen plant species were reported to be used for treatment of malaria in the Awash Fentale Distinct, among which A. trichosantha and C. rotundifolia were the most preferred ones. P. berghei suppressive activity of these plants may partly explain their common use in the community.展开更多
Tree biomass plays a key role in sustainable management by providing different aspects of ecosystem. Estimation of above ground biomass by non-destructive means requires the dex;elopment of allometric equations. Most ...Tree biomass plays a key role in sustainable management by providing different aspects of ecosystem. Estimation of above ground biomass by non-destructive means requires the dex;elopment of allometric equations. Most researchers used DBH （diameter at breast height） and TH （total height） to develop allometric equation for a tree. Very few spe- cies-specific allometric equations are currently available for shrubs to estimate of biomass from measured plant attributes. Therefore, we used some of readily measurable variables to develop allometric equations such as girth at collar-height （GcH） and height of girth measuring point （GMH） with total height （TH） for A. rotundifolia, a mangrove species of Sundarbans of Bangladesh, as it is too dwarf to take DBH and too ir- regular in base to take Girth at a fixed height. Linear, non-linear and logarithmic regression techniques were tried to determine the best re- gression model to estimate the above-ground biomass of stem, branch and leaf. A total of 186 regression equations were generated from the combination of independent variables. Best fit regression equations were determined by examining co-efficient of determination （R：）, co-efficient of variation （Cv）, mean-square of the error （Ms^r）, residual mean error （Rmax）, and F-value. Multiple linear regression models showed more efficient over other types of regression equation. The performance of regression equations was increased by inclusion of GMn as an independ- ent variable along with total height and GCH.展开更多
The city of Tehran, like many polluted metropolises of the world, has higher emissions of greenhouse gases than other cities in Iran, due to heavy consumption of fossil fuel and landuse changes. To estimate carbon seq...The city of Tehran, like many polluted metropolises of the world, has higher emissions of greenhouse gases than other cities in Iran, due to heavy consumption of fossil fuel and landuse changes. To estimate carbon sequestration in two 40 year-old stands of plantedCupressus arizonica andFraxinus rotundifolia in degraded lands surrounding Tehran , sampling of above- and below- ground biomass, soil （at two depths of 0-15 and 15-30 cm）, and leaf litter was done by systematic random sampling. The total carbon stocks ofC. arizonica and F. rotundifolia stands were respectively 328.20 and 150.69 Mg·ha-1. The aboveground biomass with 233.16（71%） Mg·ha-1 inC. arizonica and 88.16 （58.50%） Mg·ha-1 inF. rotundifolia contributed the most shares to carbon sequestration. The diameter at breast height, total height, basal area, total volume, and biomass ofC. arizonica were significantly （p 〈0.01） higher than those ofF. rotundifolia. Also the depth of 0-30 cm of soil contributed between 18.29 % and 32.15 % of total ecosystem carbon, respectively. The economic value of carbon sequestration in the two stands in 2011 was calculated at 3.5 and 2.5 million dollars, respectively. Our results indicate that afforestation of the degraded land surrounding Tehran would sequester more carbon than would continuously degraded land, the current status quo. These stands can absorb atmospheric CO2at different rates, thus tree species selection and stand development should be considered in planning future afforestation projects.展开更多
Vitex rotundifolia L. is an important plant species used in traditional Chinese medicine. For its efficient use and conservation, genetic diversity and clonal variation of V. rotundifolia populations in China were inv...Vitex rotundifolia L. is an important plant species used in traditional Chinese medicine. For its efficient use and conservation, genetic diversity and clonal variation of V. rotundifolia populations in China were investigated using inter-simple sequence repeat markers. Fourteen natural populations were included to estimate genetic diversity, and a large population with 135 individuals was used to analyze clonal variation and fine-scale spatial genetic structure. The overall genetic diversity （GD） of V. rotundifolia populations in China was moderate （GD=0.190）, with about 40% within-population variation. Across all populations surveyed, the average within-population diversity was moderate （P = 22.6%; GD = 0.086）. A relatively high genetic differentiation （Gst = 0.587） among populations was detected based on the analysis of molecular variance data. Such characteristics of V. rotundifofia are likely attributed to its sexual/asexual reproduction and limited gene flow. The genotypic diversity （D = 0.992） was greater than the average values of a clonal plant, indicating its significant reproduction through seedlings. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed a clear within-population structure with gene clusters of approximately 20 m. Genetic diversity patterns of V. rotundifolia in China provide a useful guide for its efficient use and conservation by selecting particular populations displaying greater variation that may contain required medicinal compounds, and by sampling individuals in a population at 〉20 m spatial intervals to avoid collecting individuals with identical or similar genotypes.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to research effects of P fertilizer and lime on growth of Trrifolium repens, Chamaecrista rotundifolia and Macroptilium atropur- pureum, to provide references for cultivation of the three plant...[Objective] The aim was to research effects of P fertilizer and lime on growth of Trrifolium repens, Chamaecrista rotundifolia and Macroptilium atropur- pureum, to provide references for cultivation of the three plants. [Method] Pot experiments were conducted with Trrifolium repens, Charnaecrista rotundifolia and Macroptilium atropurpureum in 2010 in order to research effects of lime and P fer-tilizer mixture on growth of the plants in southern hilly acidic red soils. [Result] With lime amount fixed, application of P fertilizer would enhance plant height, total tiller number and dry matter. When P fertilizer was not applied, however, plant height of the three plants achieved the peak by lime at 1.4 g/kg which proved best for improvement of acidity of red soils. With P fertilizer at 200 mg/kg was applied, biomass of Trifolium repens and Macroptilium atropurpureum achieved the highest by lime at 2.1 g/kg, but total biomass of Chamaecrista rotundifolia was the highest by lime at 1.4 g/kg. [Conclusion] The research provides references for planting and production of Trifolium repens, Chamaecrista rotundifolia and Macroptilium atropur-pureum in southern hilly regions.展开更多
[Objectives] To evaluate the hemostatic and anti-inflammatory activities of water extract and ethanol extract of Rotala rotundifolia and Shuijia Zhixue capsule. [Methods]The hemostatic activity of the extracts was eva...[Objectives] To evaluate the hemostatic and anti-inflammatory activities of water extract and ethanol extract of Rotala rotundifolia and Shuijia Zhixue capsule. [Methods]The hemostatic activity of the extracts was evaluated by the changes of the bleeding time( BT),coagulation time( CT) and coagulation parameters including prothrombin time( PT),activated partial thromboplastin time( APTT) and thrombin time( TT) in mice or rats. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was evaluated by carrageenan-induced foot edema,arachidonic acidinduced ear edema and xylene-induced ear edema models in rats. The content of gallic acid in ethanol extracts of R. rotundifolia and Shuijia Zhixue capsule was studied by HPLC to explore the correlation between gallic acid and anti-inflammatory activity. [Results]In hemostasis experiment,the ethanol extracts of R. rotundifolia and Shuijia Zhixue capsules showed significant shortening effects on BT,CT,PT and TT( P <0. 01-0. 05). The water extracts of R. rotundifolia and Shuijia Zhixue capsules had significant shortening effects on CT,PT and TT( P <0. 05),while the water extracts of R. rotundifolia had no hemostasis effect. In anti-inflammatory experiment in vivo,the two ethanol extracts showed significant shortening effects on CT,PT and TT and in the induction test of carrageenan,arachidonic acid and xylene,the inhibitory effects were significant( P < 0. 01-0. 05). The water extract from Shuijia Zhixue capsules had significant inhibitory effects on carrageenan-induced foot edema in rats( P < 0. 05),but the anti-inflammatory effects of water extract from R. rotundifolia were not significant. The content of gallic acid in R. rotundifolia and Shuijia Zhixue capsules were( 0. 318 62 ± 0. 009 8) and( 6. 295 2 ± 0. 162 6) mg/g,respectively.Among them,the content of gallic acid in Shuijia Zhixue capsule was significantly correlated with the anti-inflammatory activity of carrageenaninduced foot edema model. [Conclusions] Ethanol extract of R. rotundifolia and Shuijia Zhixue capsules has s展开更多
[Objectives] To establish a method for the determination of gallic acid in Shuijia Zhixue capsule and Rotala rotundifolia .[Methods] High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Phenomenex C 18 column were used, ...[Objectives] To establish a method for the determination of gallic acid in Shuijia Zhixue capsule and Rotala rotundifolia .[Methods] High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Phenomenex C 18 column were used, the mobile phase was 0.1% phosphoric acid∶ methanol=85∶ 15, the flow rate was 0.5 mL/min, and the detection wavelength was 270 nm.[Results] In the range of (2-25)μg/mL , the concentration of gallic acid had a good linear relationship with the peak area, r =0.990 8;the average recovery was 96.88%.[Conclusions] The method was simple, sensitive and reproducible. It provided a basis for the analysis of gallic acid in Rotala rotundifolia and Shuijia Zhixue capsule and the establishment of quality detection methods in the future.展开更多
Objective: To assess the toxic potential of Dissotis rotundifolia(D.rotundifolia) whole plant extract in Spraque–Dawley rats within a 2-week period of administration.Methods: Methanolic extract of D. rotundifolia was...Objective: To assess the toxic potential of Dissotis rotundifolia(D.rotundifolia) whole plant extract in Spraque–Dawley rats within a 2-week period of administration.Methods: Methanolic extract of D. rotundifolia was administered orally once daily at dose levels of 0,100, 300 and 1 000 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. Toxicity was assessed using mortality, clinical signs, body and organ weights, hematological indices,serum chemistry parameters and histopathological analyses.Results: There were no treatment-related mortalities or differences in clinical signs,hematology and serum biochemistry. This was confirmed by micrographs obtained from histopathological analysis.Conclusions: The results obtained from the sub-acute toxicological assessment of D. rotundifolia extract suggest that the extract is non-toxic at doses up to 1 000 mg/kg/day administered for a period of 14 days.展开更多
Investigation of plant morphological features, pollen, and habitat have been made for two shrub species from Barrow, Alaska, namely Dryas integrifoila M. Vahl and Salix rotundifolia Trautv., both of which are endemic ...Investigation of plant morphological features, pollen, and habitat have been made for two shrub species from Barrow, Alaska, namely Dryas integrifoila M. Vahl and Salix rotundifolia Trautv., both of which are endemic to the Arctic floristic area. The former species has small lanceolate or plate leaves, whereas the latter has rounded leaves with distinct veins, rich in vitamin C. Both have dwarf and sprawling habits. Pollen studies showed that the pollen grains of the two species are spheroidal to sub-spheroidal or prolate. The type of aperture was tricolporate; pollen size 26.3-31.3 μm; ornamentation finely reticulate under a light microscope （LM） and strlate-reticulate under a scanning electron microscope （SEM） for D. integrafoila and finely reticulate under the LM and SEM for S. rotundifolia. Comparisons were made between the pollen from the same species from Arctic collections with those from China and Japan. Investigation of pollen morphology of tundra plants can provide significant data for comparative studies of fossil pollen and for the reconstruction of paleovegetation and paleoclimate in the Barrow area.展开更多
Humans have long used natural remedies like plants and herbs to treat disease.Furthermore,research has been ongoing to find alternative pharmaceutical drugs based on traditionally used plants,as natural products show ...Humans have long used natural remedies like plants and herbs to treat disease.Furthermore,research has been ongoing to find alternative pharmaceutical drugs based on traditionally used plants,as natural products show fewer side effects compared to synthetic drugs.Medicinal plants have long been targeted in drug development due to their bioactive compounds like alkaloids,flavonoids,and terpenoids.This is not only the case for terrestrial plants,but marine environments also provide a larger diversity of flora and fauna with medicinal bioactive compounds.Vitex rotundifolia,also known as Beach Vitex,is a coastal plant that has been traditionally used to treat a variety of diseases including premenstrual syndrome,headaches,migraines,colds,and eye pain.There have been many review papers on V.rotundifolia,emphasizing its taxonomy,distribution,and biological activity.Our current mini-review not only summarizes the pharmacology and bioactivity of V.rotundifolia,but it also provides new information on the main bioactive compounds of V.rotundifolia such as flavonoids,phenolic acid,and terpenes and their current pharmacological activity in vitro and in vivo research.This information can be useful for developing new pharmaceutical and nutraceutical agents to treat and manage disease.展开更多
Aims Serpentine barrens of the Mid-Atlantic United States are globally rare,grass-dominated ecosystems thought to exclude C3 spe-cies and characterized by unique soil composition.However,like many grassland ecosystems...Aims Serpentine barrens of the Mid-Atlantic United States are globally rare,grass-dominated ecosystems thought to exclude C3 spe-cies and characterized by unique soil composition.However,like many grassland ecosystems globally,these sites are presently facing encroachment by surrounding forest.In this ecosystem,the tendril climbing vine,Smilax rotundifolia,forms dense thickets around bar-rens that typically precede forest encroachment.While numerous factors speculatively initiate and promote encroachment in these systems,few studies have examined photosynthetic responses of serpentine grasses to changes in resource availability initiated by encroachers or physiological ability of encroaching S.rotundifolia to colonize high-light barren environments.We sought to under-stand both environmental and physiological dynamics of encroach-ment along an irradiance gradient in these systems.Methods At three serpentine barren sites in southeastern Pennsylvania,physiological responses of the native grasses Sorghastrum nutans and Schizachyrium scoparium to increased shading by S.rotundi-folia were examined.Additionally,the physiological performance of S.rotundifolia in the forest understory was compared to that in sunlit barrens environments.Light-saturated photosynthesis(A_(sat)),stomatal conductance(g_(s)),instantaneous transpiration efficiency(ITE),maximum efficiency of photosystem II(F_(v)/F_(m)),midday leaf water potential(ψ_(leaf))and specific leaf area(SLA)were measured for all species over the course of the 2014 growing season.Two-way analyses of variance were used to assess changes in these param-eters across growing environments,as well as seasonally for each species.Multiple regression analyses were also performed to inves-tigate the influence of vapor pressure deficit(D)and leaf tempera-ture(T_(leaf))on A_(sat) and ITE.Important Findings Light-saturated photosynthesis was significantly greater in S.rotun-difolia growing in sun than in the shade(P<0.001)and early in the season(P=0.012).Sun S.rotundifolia had up to 展开更多
基金The project was financially supported by parks organization of Karaj municipality
文摘Plants are capable of reducing environmental pollutions through uptaking contaminants in their tissues. In the study site, twenty one-year-old leaves and shoots as well as twenty soil samples were sampled and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma （ICP）. We investigated the uptaking ability of lead （Pb） and cadmium （Cd） by the leaves and shoots of Platanus orientalis, Robinia pseudoacacia and Fraxinus rotundifolia in Karaj city, the western Tehran, Iran. We also evaluated the total metal accumulation capacity by using metal accumulation index （MAI）. Results indicated that there was no significant difference in uptaking contents of Cd and Pb in the leaves among the trees. However accumulation of Cd in shoots of F. rotundifolia and R. pseudoacacia was significantly higher than that of P. orientalis. The accumulation of Pb in shoots of R. pseudoacacia was significantly higher than the other species. The amount of Pb in the soil of the study area was significantly higher than Cd. Concentrations of Cd and Pb in leaves of the three species are in the ranges of 2.4 2.7 mg Kg-1 and 7.1 14.4 mg Kg-1 , respectively. R. pseudoacacia had the highest MAI value for leaves （2.21） and F. rotundifolia had the highest MAI value for shoots （2.4）.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 41571054 and 31622015)the National Basic Research Program of China(grant 2014CB954100)+1 种基金Sichuan University(Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,SCU2021D006 and SCU2022D003Institutional Research Funds,2021SCUNL102).
文摘Biogeographical barriers to gene flow are central to plant phylogeography.In East Asia,plant distribution is greatly influenced by two phylogeographic breaks,the Mekong-Salween Divide and Tanaka-Kaiyong Line,however,few studies have investigated how these barriers affect the genetic diversity of species that are distributed across both.Here we used 14 microsatellite loci and four chloroplast DNA fragments to examine genetic diversity and distribution patterns of 49 populations of Populus rotundifolia,a species that spans both the Mekong-Salween Divide and the Tanaka-Kaiyong Line in southwestern China.Demographic and migration hypotheses were tested using coalescent-based approaches.Limited historical gene flow was observed between the western and eastern groups of P.rotundifolia,but substantial flow occurred across both the Mekong-Salween Divide and Tanaka-Kaiyong Line,manifesting in clear admixture and high genetic diversity in the central group.Wind-borne pollen and seeds may have facilitated the dispersal of P.rotundifolia following prevalent northwest winds in the spring.We also found that the Hengduan Mountains,where multiple genetic barriers were detected,acted on the whole as a barrier between the western and eastern groups of P.rotundifolia.Ecological niche modeling suggested that P.rotundifolia has undergone range expansion since the last glacial maximum,and demographic reconstruction indicated an earlier population expansion around 600 Ka.The phylogeographic pattern of P.rotundifolia reflects the interplay of biological traits,wind patterns,barriers,niche differentiation,and Quaternary climate history.This study emphasizes the need for multiple lines of evidence in understanding the Quaternary evolution of plants in topographically complex areas.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31170320)
文摘[ Objective ] This study aimed to establish the optimal extraction technology of total flavonoids from Vitex rotundifolia and provide a theoretical basis for the utilization and development of V. rotundifolia. [ Method ] With the extraction temperature, extraction time, solid-liquid ratio and ethanol concentration as various factors, the content of total flavonoids as an indicator, the extraction technology of total flavonoids from V. rotundifolia was optimized by orthogonal experiment. [ Result] The optimal combination of extraction conditions was extraction temperature 70℃, extraction time 1 h, solid-liquid ratio 1： 12, ethanol concentration 70%. [Condusion] The optimized extraction technology was simple and efficient for extracting total flavonoids from V. rotundifolia.
基金supported by the School of Graduate Studies,Addis Ababa University,for financially supporting the research work(grant number GSR/1702/99)
文摘Objective: To document plants used in traditional treatment of malaria in the Awash-Fentale District, the Afar Region of Ethiopia, and to evaluate antimalarial activity of selected ones against Plasmodium berghei in mice. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were carried out with purposively selected informants in the District to gather information on plants used in the traditional treatment of malaria. Standard procedures were used to investigate acute toxicity and a four-day suppressive effect of crude aqueous and ethanol extracts of the leaves of the two most frequently cited plants [Aloe trichosantha(A. trichosantha) and Cadaba rotundifolia(C. rotundifolia)] against Plasmodium berghei in Swiss albino mice. Results: The informants cited a total of 17 plants used in the traditional treatment of malaria in Awash-Fentale District. Plant parts were prepared as infusions or decoctions. Leaf was the most commonly cited(44%) plant part, followed by stem(22%). Shrubs were the most frequently cited(63%) medicine source followed by trees(21%). Of the 17 plants, C. rotundifolia and A. trichosantha were the most frequently mentioned plants in the district. Ethanol extracts of the leaves of C. rotundifolia and A. trichosantha suppressed P. berghei parasitaemia significantly accounting for 53.73% and 49.07%, respectively at 900 mg/kg. The plants were found to be non-toxic up to a dose of 1 500 mg/kg. Conclusions: Seventeen plant species were reported to be used for treatment of malaria in the Awash Fentale Distinct, among which A. trichosantha and C. rotundifolia were the most preferred ones. P. berghei suppressive activity of these plants may partly explain their common use in the community.
文摘Tree biomass plays a key role in sustainable management by providing different aspects of ecosystem. Estimation of above ground biomass by non-destructive means requires the dex;elopment of allometric equations. Most researchers used DBH （diameter at breast height） and TH （total height） to develop allometric equation for a tree. Very few spe- cies-specific allometric equations are currently available for shrubs to estimate of biomass from measured plant attributes. Therefore, we used some of readily measurable variables to develop allometric equations such as girth at collar-height （GcH） and height of girth measuring point （GMH） with total height （TH） for A. rotundifolia, a mangrove species of Sundarbans of Bangladesh, as it is too dwarf to take DBH and too ir- regular in base to take Girth at a fixed height. Linear, non-linear and logarithmic regression techniques were tried to determine the best re- gression model to estimate the above-ground biomass of stem, branch and leaf. A total of 186 regression equations were generated from the combination of independent variables. Best fit regression equations were determined by examining co-efficient of determination （R：）, co-efficient of variation （Cv）, mean-square of the error （Ms^r）, residual mean error （Rmax）, and F-value. Multiple linear regression models showed more efficient over other types of regression equation. The performance of regression equations was increased by inclusion of GMn as an independ- ent variable along with total height and GCH.
文摘The city of Tehran, like many polluted metropolises of the world, has higher emissions of greenhouse gases than other cities in Iran, due to heavy consumption of fossil fuel and landuse changes. To estimate carbon sequestration in two 40 year-old stands of plantedCupressus arizonica andFraxinus rotundifolia in degraded lands surrounding Tehran , sampling of above- and below- ground biomass, soil （at two depths of 0-15 and 15-30 cm）, and leaf litter was done by systematic random sampling. The total carbon stocks ofC. arizonica and F. rotundifolia stands were respectively 328.20 and 150.69 Mg·ha-1. The aboveground biomass with 233.16（71%） Mg·ha-1 inC. arizonica and 88.16 （58.50%） Mg·ha-1 inF. rotundifolia contributed the most shares to carbon sequestration. The diameter at breast height, total height, basal area, total volume, and biomass ofC. arizonica were significantly （p 〈0.01） higher than those ofF. rotundifolia. Also the depth of 0-30 cm of soil contributed between 18.29 % and 32.15 % of total ecosystem carbon, respectively. The economic value of carbon sequestration in the two stands in 2011 was calculated at 3.5 and 2.5 million dollars, respectively. Our results indicate that afforestation of the degraded land surrounding Tehran would sequester more carbon than would continuously degraded land, the current status quo. These stands can absorb atmospheric CO2at different rates, thus tree species selection and stand development should be considered in planning future afforestation projects.
基金the Shanghai Modernization of TCM Foundation of China(04DZ19810)
文摘Vitex rotundifolia L. is an important plant species used in traditional Chinese medicine. For its efficient use and conservation, genetic diversity and clonal variation of V. rotundifolia populations in China were investigated using inter-simple sequence repeat markers. Fourteen natural populations were included to estimate genetic diversity, and a large population with 135 individuals was used to analyze clonal variation and fine-scale spatial genetic structure. The overall genetic diversity （GD） of V. rotundifolia populations in China was moderate （GD=0.190）, with about 40% within-population variation. Across all populations surveyed, the average within-population diversity was moderate （P = 22.6%; GD = 0.086）. A relatively high genetic differentiation （Gst = 0.587） among populations was detected based on the analysis of molecular variance data. Such characteristics of V. rotundifofia are likely attributed to its sexual/asexual reproduction and limited gene flow. The genotypic diversity （D = 0.992） was greater than the average values of a clonal plant, indicating its significant reproduction through seedlings. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed a clear within-population structure with gene clusters of approximately 20 m. Genetic diversity patterns of V. rotundifolia in China provide a useful guide for its efficient use and conservation by selecting particular populations displaying greater variation that may contain required medicinal compounds, and by sampling individuals in a population at 〉20 m spatial intervals to avoid collecting individuals with identical or similar genotypes.
基金Supported by National Science & Technology Pillar Program(2012BAD05B05)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201303139)+1 种基金国家科技支撑计划"中低产田改良科技工程"项目(2012BAD05B05)农业部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201303139)资助
文摘[Objective] The aim was to research effects of P fertilizer and lime on growth of Trrifolium repens, Chamaecrista rotundifolia and Macroptilium atropur- pureum, to provide references for cultivation of the three plants. [Method] Pot experiments were conducted with Trrifolium repens, Charnaecrista rotundifolia and Macroptilium atropurpureum in 2010 in order to research effects of lime and P fer-tilizer mixture on growth of the plants in southern hilly acidic red soils. [Result] With lime amount fixed, application of P fertilizer would enhance plant height, total tiller number and dry matter. When P fertilizer was not applied, however, plant height of the three plants achieved the peak by lime at 1.4 g/kg which proved best for improvement of acidity of red soils. With P fertilizer at 200 mg/kg was applied, biomass of Trifolium repens and Macroptilium atropurpureum achieved the highest by lime at 2.1 g/kg, but total biomass of Chamaecrista rotundifolia was the highest by lime at 1.4 g/kg. [Conclusion] The research provides references for planting and production of Trifolium repens, Chamaecrista rotundifolia and Macroptilium atropur-pureum in southern hilly regions.
基金Supported by the Project of Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department(2017SZYZF0012)the Project of Science and Technology Bureau of Sichuan Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture(15yyjs0002)
文摘[Objectives] To evaluate the hemostatic and anti-inflammatory activities of water extract and ethanol extract of Rotala rotundifolia and Shuijia Zhixue capsule. [Methods]The hemostatic activity of the extracts was evaluated by the changes of the bleeding time( BT),coagulation time( CT) and coagulation parameters including prothrombin time( PT),activated partial thromboplastin time( APTT) and thrombin time( TT) in mice or rats. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was evaluated by carrageenan-induced foot edema,arachidonic acidinduced ear edema and xylene-induced ear edema models in rats. The content of gallic acid in ethanol extracts of R. rotundifolia and Shuijia Zhixue capsule was studied by HPLC to explore the correlation between gallic acid and anti-inflammatory activity. [Results]In hemostasis experiment,the ethanol extracts of R. rotundifolia and Shuijia Zhixue capsules showed significant shortening effects on BT,CT,PT and TT( P <0. 01-0. 05). The water extracts of R. rotundifolia and Shuijia Zhixue capsules had significant shortening effects on CT,PT and TT( P <0. 05),while the water extracts of R. rotundifolia had no hemostasis effect. In anti-inflammatory experiment in vivo,the two ethanol extracts showed significant shortening effects on CT,PT and TT and in the induction test of carrageenan,arachidonic acid and xylene,the inhibitory effects were significant( P < 0. 01-0. 05). The water extract from Shuijia Zhixue capsules had significant inhibitory effects on carrageenan-induced foot edema in rats( P < 0. 05),but the anti-inflammatory effects of water extract from R. rotundifolia were not significant. The content of gallic acid in R. rotundifolia and Shuijia Zhixue capsules were( 0. 318 62 ± 0. 009 8) and( 6. 295 2 ± 0. 162 6) mg/g,respectively.Among them,the content of gallic acid in Shuijia Zhixue capsule was significantly correlated with the anti-inflammatory activity of carrageenaninduced foot edema model. [Conclusions] Ethanol extract of R. rotundifolia and Shuijia Zhixue capsules has s
基金Supported by the Project of Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2017SZYZF0012)Research Program Foundation of Science and Technology Bureau of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture(15yyjs0002)
文摘[Objectives] To establish a method for the determination of gallic acid in Shuijia Zhixue capsule and Rotala rotundifolia .[Methods] High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Phenomenex C 18 column were used, the mobile phase was 0.1% phosphoric acid∶ methanol=85∶ 15, the flow rate was 0.5 mL/min, and the detection wavelength was 270 nm.[Results] In the range of (2-25)μg/mL , the concentration of gallic acid had a good linear relationship with the peak area, r =0.990 8;the average recovery was 96.88%.[Conclusions] The method was simple, sensitive and reproducible. It provided a basis for the analysis of gallic acid in Rotala rotundifolia and Shuijia Zhixue capsule and the establishment of quality detection methods in the future.
基金Supported by a 2012 Research grant with reference#(TDS/35d/v.5/07) from the University of Cape Coast,Ghana
文摘Objective: To assess the toxic potential of Dissotis rotundifolia(D.rotundifolia) whole plant extract in Spraque–Dawley rats within a 2-week period of administration.Methods: Methanolic extract of D. rotundifolia was administered orally once daily at dose levels of 0,100, 300 and 1 000 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. Toxicity was assessed using mortality, clinical signs, body and organ weights, hematological indices,serum chemistry parameters and histopathological analyses.Results: There were no treatment-related mortalities or differences in clinical signs,hematology and serum biochemistry. This was confirmed by micrographs obtained from histopathological analysis.Conclusions: The results obtained from the sub-acute toxicological assessment of D. rotundifolia extract suggest that the extract is non-toxic at doses up to 1 000 mg/kg/day administered for a period of 14 days.
文摘Investigation of plant morphological features, pollen, and habitat have been made for two shrub species from Barrow, Alaska, namely Dryas integrifoila M. Vahl and Salix rotundifolia Trautv., both of which are endemic to the Arctic floristic area. The former species has small lanceolate or plate leaves, whereas the latter has rounded leaves with distinct veins, rich in vitamin C. Both have dwarf and sprawling habits. Pollen studies showed that the pollen grains of the two species are spheroidal to sub-spheroidal or prolate. The type of aperture was tricolporate; pollen size 26.3-31.3 μm; ornamentation finely reticulate under a light microscope （LM） and strlate-reticulate under a scanning electron microscope （SEM） for D. integrafoila and finely reticulate under the LM and SEM for S. rotundifolia. Comparisons were made between the pollen from the same species from Arctic collections with those from China and Japan. Investigation of pollen morphology of tundra plants can provide significant data for comparative studies of fossil pollen and for the reconstruction of paleovegetation and paleoclimate in the Barrow area.
基金Author would like to thank School of Health Sciences,Universiti Sains Malaysia and Universiti Malaysia Terengganu for providing the facilities to support this projectThis project is fully supported by Fundamental Research Grant Scheme Vot No.59479 from Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia.
文摘Humans have long used natural remedies like plants and herbs to treat disease.Furthermore,research has been ongoing to find alternative pharmaceutical drugs based on traditionally used plants,as natural products show fewer side effects compared to synthetic drugs.Medicinal plants have long been targeted in drug development due to their bioactive compounds like alkaloids,flavonoids,and terpenoids.This is not only the case for terrestrial plants,but marine environments also provide a larger diversity of flora and fauna with medicinal bioactive compounds.Vitex rotundifolia,also known as Beach Vitex,is a coastal plant that has been traditionally used to treat a variety of diseases including premenstrual syndrome,headaches,migraines,colds,and eye pain.There have been many review papers on V.rotundifolia,emphasizing its taxonomy,distribution,and biological activity.Our current mini-review not only summarizes the pharmacology and bioactivity of V.rotundifolia,but it also provides new information on the main bioactive compounds of V.rotundifolia such as flavonoids,phenolic acid,and terpenes and their current pharmacological activity in vitro and in vivo research.This information can be useful for developing new pharmaceutical and nutraceutical agents to treat and manage disease.
文摘Aims Serpentine barrens of the Mid-Atlantic United States are globally rare,grass-dominated ecosystems thought to exclude C3 spe-cies and characterized by unique soil composition.However,like many grassland ecosystems globally,these sites are presently facing encroachment by surrounding forest.In this ecosystem,the tendril climbing vine,Smilax rotundifolia,forms dense thickets around bar-rens that typically precede forest encroachment.While numerous factors speculatively initiate and promote encroachment in these systems,few studies have examined photosynthetic responses of serpentine grasses to changes in resource availability initiated by encroachers or physiological ability of encroaching S.rotundifolia to colonize high-light barren environments.We sought to under-stand both environmental and physiological dynamics of encroach-ment along an irradiance gradient in these systems.Methods At three serpentine barren sites in southeastern Pennsylvania,physiological responses of the native grasses Sorghastrum nutans and Schizachyrium scoparium to increased shading by S.rotundi-folia were examined.Additionally,the physiological performance of S.rotundifolia in the forest understory was compared to that in sunlit barrens environments.Light-saturated photosynthesis(A_(sat)),stomatal conductance(g_(s)),instantaneous transpiration efficiency(ITE),maximum efficiency of photosystem II(F_(v)/F_(m)),midday leaf water potential(ψ_(leaf))and specific leaf area(SLA)were measured for all species over the course of the 2014 growing season.Two-way analyses of variance were used to assess changes in these param-eters across growing environments,as well as seasonally for each species.Multiple regression analyses were also performed to inves-tigate the influence of vapor pressure deficit(D)and leaf tempera-ture(T_(leaf))on A_(sat) and ITE.Important Findings Light-saturated photosynthesis was significantly greater in S.rotun-difolia growing in sun than in the shade(P<0.001)and early in the season(P=0.012).Sun S.rotundifolia had up to
