First of all it is necessary to point out that 'reciting' is the wrong term for what Chinese students are often asked to do when they are learning English. The correct terms are, 'learning by heart'... First of all it is necessary to point out that 'reciting' is the wrong term for what Chinese students are often asked to do when they are learning English. The correct terms are, 'learning by heart' or 'rote learning'. In this article the term 'rote learning' will be used.……展开更多
Deformation behavior of the Mg-8 wt%Li alloy at high strain rate was studied by means of the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar （with strain rate of 10^3 s^-1）. It is found that shear localization proves to be the main da...Deformation behavior of the Mg-8 wt%Li alloy at high strain rate was studied by means of the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar （with strain rate of 10^3 s^-1）. It is found that shear localization proves to be the main damage mode for the alloy during dynamic loading. Strain and strain rate arc the two necessary parameters affecting the occurrence of deformation and shear bands. Deformation bands begin to form when the strain and strain rate reach 0.20 and 1 900 s^-1 respectively and will develop gradually with the strain rate increasing. Besides, deformation bands will transform into shear bands when the strain and strain rate reach above 0.25 and 3 500 s^-1 separately.展开更多
This study investigates differential effects of etymological elaboration and rote memorization on idiom acquisition and retention in Chinese college EFL learners. The sample (N = 70) involved two intact groups of coll...This study investigates differential effects of etymological elaboration and rote memorization on idiom acquisition and retention in Chinese college EFL learners. The sample (N = 70) involved two intact groups of college students. Subjects in one group exposed to instruction in the form of etymological familiarity while subjects in the comparison group were asked to memorize idioms on the basis of their given meaning. Subjects were then administered two post-tests: one to assess initial idiom acquisition, and another four weeks later to assess idiom retention. Statistical analyses produced sufficient support for both the first hypothesis (that the etymological elaboration condition would acquire more idioms than the rote memorization condition), and the second hypothesis—that the etymological familiarity would exhibit superior retention rates. The finding of this study suggests that for the purpose of encouraging long-term retention, elaborating on the original usage of idioms is preferable to requiring students to learn idioms by rote.展开更多
Different teaching philosophies derive from different cultural background.There are many differences between American and Chinese teaching philosophies because of their different cultural background.Under the guidance...Different teaching philosophies derive from different cultural background.There are many differences between American and Chinese teaching philosophies because of their different cultural background.Under the guidance of different philosophies,there are different teaching styles between American and Chinese Classroom teaching.展开更多
Objective： To observe the electrocardiogram （ECG） and heart rate in a rabbit model ofhyperkalemia induced by potassium chloride, and provide theoretical and experimental reference for timely diagnosis of hyperkalem...Objective： To observe the electrocardiogram （ECG） and heart rate in a rabbit model ofhyperkalemia induced by potassium chloride, and provide theoretical and experimental reference for timely diagnosis of hyperkalemia clinically. Methods： Forty rabbits were randomly assigned into four groups. 0.9% isotonic saline solution was perfused in the group I , while 1.0%, 4.0% and 10.0% potassium chloride solutions were perfused in the other groups, respectively, to induce hyperkalemia. Results： The changes of serum potassium, ECG and heart rate before perfusion were significantly （P〈 0.05） different from those after perfusion in the other groups compared with group I . The effect of ECG variability rates was well consistent （Kappa = 0.724, P〈0.01） with that of serum potassium on diagnostic tests in the other groups. The area under ROC curve in diagnosis effect of ECG variability rates and sermn potassium on hyperkalaemia was much significantly larger （P〈0.01 and P〈0.05） compared with 0.5. There was asignificantly positive correlation between ECG variability rates and serum potassium （r= 0.865, P〈0.05 for bilateral Pearson test）. There was certain positive correlation between heart rate and serum potassium, but the correlation was poor （r= 0.526, R2=0.277）. Conclusion： A combination of serum potassium, ECG variability rates and heart rate should be considered and analyzed by synthesis to establish an accurate and timely diagnosis for hyperkalemia.展开更多
In Africa, donkeys have significant contribution in traction operation, but there is little research related to workload and their welfare. The objective of this work was to examine the effect of various loads on donk...In Africa, donkeys have significant contribution in traction operation, but there is little research related to workload and their welfare. The objective of this work was to examine the effect of various loads on donkeys＇ physiological and behavioural responses to evaluate welfare. Donkeys weighing of 132-172 kg （159 ± 11 kg） and totally 20 were used for the experiment. The experimental design included two wheeled cart × seven load class （an increment of 100 kg） with five repetitions each, and the travelled distance was 2 km. Travelled time, behavioural occurrences and physiological responses were recorded. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS （version 9.4） software programme. When loads were 500-700 kg, heavy and rapid panting and falling down occurred frequently. When loads increased successively and reached 500, 600 and 700 kg, speed started declining from 3.68 km/hto 3.5, 2.94 and 2.54 krn/h, respectively, indicating that speed and applied loads are inversely correlated （P 〈 0.001）. Heart rate was 129 ± 11 bpm at 700 kg, and in respect to resting state, donkeys＇ heart rate elevated by a factor of up to 3. As the load exceeded 400 kg, the speed declined significantly, and behavioural occurrences like heavy panting and falling down confirmed this. This leads to the conclusion that donkeys could pull about 2.7 times of their live weight. But if they have continuous and long working hours （about 6 h）, it is recommended to keep load of two wheeled cart about double of donkeys live weight so as to safe guard donkeys＇ welfare.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to improve allocation of the number of bits without skipping the frame by accurately estimating the target bits in H. 264/AVC rate control. The scheme ImPoses an enhancement method of the ...The purpose of this paper is to improve allocation of the number of bits without skipping the frame by accurately estimating the target bits in H. 264/AVC rate control. The scheme ImPoses an enhancement method of the target frame rate based on H. 264/AVC bit allocation. The enhancement uses a frame complexion estimation to improve the existing Mean Absolute Difference （MAD） complexity measurement. Bit allocation to each frame is not just computed by target frame rote but also adjusted by a combined frame complexity measure. Using the statistical characteristic, the scheme obtains change of occurrence bit about QP to apply the bit amount by QP from the video characteristic and apply it in the estimated bit amount of the current frame. Simulation results show that the proposed rate eontrol scheme achieves time saving of mine than 99% over existing rate control algorithm. Nevertheless, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ration （PSNR） and bit rate were almost the same as the performances.展开更多
约瑟夫·D·诺瓦克(Joseph D．Novak)教授是著名的教育心理学家、概念图和概念构图的创始人,曾入选《美国名人录》、《世界医药健康名人录》、《世界科学与工程名人录》和《世界名人录》,现为美国康奈尔大学荣誉退休教授、西佛...约瑟夫·D·诺瓦克(Joseph D．Novak)教授是著名的教育心理学家、概念图和概念构图的创始人,曾入选《美国名人录》、《世界医药健康名人录》、《世界科学与工程名人录》和《世界名人录》,现为美国康奈尔大学荣誉退休教授、西佛罗里达大学人机认知研究所(IHMC)高级研究科学家,以及诺瓦克知识咨询公司(Joseph D．Novak Knowledge Consultants,Inc．)总裁。 Novak教授至今共出版了(包括与他人合作出版)专著26部,在专业期刊和杂志上发表学术论文130余篇(章),担任过400余所大、中、小学和公司的顾问。他和Gowin1984年合作出版的《学会学习》(Learning How to Learn)迄今已被译成8种语言被世界广泛阅读。Novak最近的著作《知识的学习、创建和使用:概念图作为学校和公司学习的促进工具》(Learning,Crearing and Using Knowledge:Concept Maps as Fa cilitative Tools in Schools and Corporations)也正被翻译成6种语言出版于世界各地。Novak当前的研究工作主要包括:学生对学习的观点和认识;如何将教育理论和工具(如概念构图)运用到公司环境和远程教育项目中。当前的工作还包括开发作为学习脚手架的“专家框架图(Expert Skeleton)”;如何在网络环境下使用CmapTools和其他资源等。展开更多
文摘 First of all it is necessary to point out that 'reciting' is the wrong term for what Chinese students are often asked to do when they are learning English. The correct terms are, 'learning by heart' or 'rote learning'. In this article the term 'rote learning' will be used.……
基金Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (04G54009)
文摘Deformation behavior of the Mg-8 wt%Li alloy at high strain rate was studied by means of the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar （with strain rate of 10^3 s^-1）. It is found that shear localization proves to be the main damage mode for the alloy during dynamic loading. Strain and strain rate arc the two necessary parameters affecting the occurrence of deformation and shear bands. Deformation bands begin to form when the strain and strain rate reach 0.20 and 1 900 s^-1 respectively and will develop gradually with the strain rate increasing. Besides, deformation bands will transform into shear bands when the strain and strain rate reach above 0.25 and 3 500 s^-1 separately.
文摘This study investigates differential effects of etymological elaboration and rote memorization on idiom acquisition and retention in Chinese college EFL learners. The sample (N = 70) involved two intact groups of college students. Subjects in one group exposed to instruction in the form of etymological familiarity while subjects in the comparison group were asked to memorize idioms on the basis of their given meaning. Subjects were then administered two post-tests: one to assess initial idiom acquisition, and another four weeks later to assess idiom retention. Statistical analyses produced sufficient support for both the first hypothesis (that the etymological elaboration condition would acquire more idioms than the rote memorization condition), and the second hypothesis—that the etymological familiarity would exhibit superior retention rates. The finding of this study suggests that for the purpose of encouraging long-term retention, elaborating on the original usage of idioms is preferable to requiring students to learn idioms by rote.
文摘Different teaching philosophies derive from different cultural background.There are many differences between American and Chinese teaching philosophies because of their different cultural background.Under the guidance of different philosophies,there are different teaching styles between American and Chinese Classroom teaching.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Chengdu Medical College(CYZ09-004)The "Challenge Cup" Sichuan Undergraduate Curricular Academic Science and Technology Works(CT11D-1006)
文摘Objective： To observe the electrocardiogram （ECG） and heart rate in a rabbit model ofhyperkalemia induced by potassium chloride, and provide theoretical and experimental reference for timely diagnosis of hyperkalemia clinically. Methods： Forty rabbits were randomly assigned into four groups. 0.9% isotonic saline solution was perfused in the group I , while 1.0%, 4.0% and 10.0% potassium chloride solutions were perfused in the other groups, respectively, to induce hyperkalemia. Results： The changes of serum potassium, ECG and heart rate before perfusion were significantly （P〈 0.05） different from those after perfusion in the other groups compared with group I . The effect of ECG variability rates was well consistent （Kappa = 0.724, P〈0.01） with that of serum potassium on diagnostic tests in the other groups. The area under ROC curve in diagnosis effect of ECG variability rates and sermn potassium on hyperkalaemia was much significantly larger （P〈0.01 and P〈0.05） compared with 0.5. There was asignificantly positive correlation between ECG variability rates and serum potassium （r= 0.865, P〈0.05 for bilateral Pearson test）. There was certain positive correlation between heart rate and serum potassium, but the correlation was poor （r= 0.526, R2=0.277）. Conclusion： A combination of serum potassium, ECG variability rates and heart rate should be considered and analyzed by synthesis to establish an accurate and timely diagnosis for hyperkalemia.
文摘In Africa, donkeys have significant contribution in traction operation, but there is little research related to workload and their welfare. The objective of this work was to examine the effect of various loads on donkeys＇ physiological and behavioural responses to evaluate welfare. Donkeys weighing of 132-172 kg （159 ± 11 kg） and totally 20 were used for the experiment. The experimental design included two wheeled cart × seven load class （an increment of 100 kg） with five repetitions each, and the travelled distance was 2 km. Travelled time, behavioural occurrences and physiological responses were recorded. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS （version 9.4） software programme. When loads were 500-700 kg, heavy and rapid panting and falling down occurred frequently. When loads increased successively and reached 500, 600 and 700 kg, speed started declining from 3.68 km/hto 3.5, 2.94 and 2.54 krn/h, respectively, indicating that speed and applied loads are inversely correlated （P 〈 0.001）. Heart rate was 129 ± 11 bpm at 700 kg, and in respect to resting state, donkeys＇ heart rate elevated by a factor of up to 3. As the load exceeded 400 kg, the speed declined significantly, and behavioural occurrences like heavy panting and falling down confirmed this. This leads to the conclusion that donkeys could pull about 2.7 times of their live weight. But if they have continuous and long working hours （about 6 h）, it is recommended to keep load of two wheeled cart about double of donkeys live weight so as to safe guard donkeys＇ welfare.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to improve allocation of the number of bits without skipping the frame by accurately estimating the target bits in H. 264/AVC rate control. The scheme ImPoses an enhancement method of the target frame rate based on H. 264/AVC bit allocation. The enhancement uses a frame complexion estimation to improve the existing Mean Absolute Difference （MAD） complexity measurement. Bit allocation to each frame is not just computed by target frame rote but also adjusted by a combined frame complexity measure. Using the statistical characteristic, the scheme obtains change of occurrence bit about QP to apply the bit amount by QP from the video characteristic and apply it in the estimated bit amount of the current frame. Simulation results show that the proposed rate eontrol scheme achieves time saving of mine than 99% over existing rate control algorithm. Nevertheless, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ration （PSNR） and bit rate were almost the same as the performances.
文摘约瑟夫·D·诺瓦克(Joseph D．Novak)教授是著名的教育心理学家、概念图和概念构图的创始人,曾入选《美国名人录》、《世界医药健康名人录》、《世界科学与工程名人录》和《世界名人录》,现为美国康奈尔大学荣誉退休教授、西佛罗里达大学人机认知研究所(IHMC)高级研究科学家,以及诺瓦克知识咨询公司(Joseph D．Novak Knowledge Consultants,Inc．)总裁。 Novak教授至今共出版了(包括与他人合作出版)专著26部,在专业期刊和杂志上发表学术论文130余篇(章),担任过400余所大、中、小学和公司的顾问。他和Gowin1984年合作出版的《学会学习》(Learning How to Learn)迄今已被译成8种语言被世界广泛阅读。Novak最近的著作《知识的学习、创建和使用:概念图作为学校和公司学习的促进工具》(Learning,Crearing and Using Knowledge:Concept Maps as Fa cilitative Tools in Schools and Corporations)也正被翻译成6种语言出版于世界各地。Novak当前的研究工作主要包括:学生对学习的观点和认识;如何将教育理论和工具(如概念构图)运用到公司环境和远程教育项目中。当前的工作还包括开发作为学习脚手架的“专家框架图(Expert Skeleton)”;如何在网络环境下使用CmapTools和其他资源等。
