目的:研究和比较费菜根、茎、叶和果实4个部位的脂溶性成分。方法:采用索氏提取法提取费菜根、茎、叶和果实4个部位的脂溶性成分,采用氢氧化钾-甲醇直接酯化法进行甲酯化处理,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对4种脂溶性成分进行分离...目的:研究和比较费菜根、茎、叶和果实4个部位的脂溶性成分。方法:采用索氏提取法提取费菜根、茎、叶和果实4个部位的脂溶性成分,采用氢氧化钾-甲醇直接酯化法进行甲酯化处理,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对4种脂溶性成分进行分离和鉴定。载气为高纯度氦气,进口温度250℃,流速1.24 m L·min^(-1);电离方式EI离子源,离子源温度200℃,接口温度250℃,溶剂延时3.5 min,m/z 40~600。结果:从费菜的根、茎、叶和果实4个部位中分别鉴定出26,37,37,20种脂溶性成分,4个部位中共有的脂溶性成分有12种,单独存在的成分分别有6,6,9,2种。以亚麻酸和亚油酸为主的不饱和脂肪酸是费菜的主要脂溶性成分,其在根、茎、叶和果实4个部位的质量分数分别为42.59%,52.57%,37.04%和80.06%,4个部位的不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸的比例分别为1.17∶1,1.38∶1,0.85∶1和4.56∶1,费菜的4个部位具有相似的脂肪酸组成,但脂肪酸的构成比例有一定差异。结论:该文提取、鉴定并比较了费菜4个部位的脂溶性成分,为费菜的开发利用奠定了基础。展开更多
Objective:Diterpenoids with a wide variety of biological activities from Anoectochilus roxburghii,a precious medicinal plant,are important active components.However,due to the lack of genetic information on the metabo...Objective:Diterpenoids with a wide variety of biological activities from Anoectochilus roxburghii,a precious medicinal plant,are important active components.However,due to the lack of genetic information on the metabolic process of diterpenoids in A.roxburghii,the genes involved in the molecular regulation mechanism of diterpenoid metabolism are still unclear.This study revealed the complex metabolic genes for diterpenoids biosynthesis in different organs of A.roxburghii by combining analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics.Methods:The differences in diterpenoid accumulation in roots,stems and leaves of A.roxburghii were analyzed by metabonomic analysis,and its metabolic gene information was obtained by transcriptome sequencing.Then,the molecular mechanism of differential diterpenoid accumulation in different organs of A.roxburghii was analyzed from the perspective of gene expression patterns.Results:A total of 296 terpenoid metabolites were identified in the five terpenoid metabolic pathways in A.roxburghii.There were 38,34,and 18 diterpenoids with different contents between roots and leaves,between leaves and stems,and between roots and stems,respectively.Twenty-nine metabolic enzyme genes with 883 unigenes in the diterpenoid synthesis process were identified,and the DXS and FDPS in the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis stage and CPA,GA20ox,GA3ox,GA2ox,and MAS in the diterpenoid biosynthesis stage were predicted to be the key metabolic enzymes for the accumulation of diterpenoids.In addition,14 key transcription factor coding genes were predicted to be involved in the regulation of the diterpenoid biosynthesis.The expression of genes such as GA2ox,MAS,CPA,GA20ox and GA3ox might be activated by some of the 14 transcription factors.The transcription factor NTF-Y and PRE6 were predicted to be the most important transcription factors.Conclusion:This study determined 29 metabolic enzyme genes and predicted 14 transcription factors involved in the molecular regulation mechanism of diterpenoid metabolism in A.roxbur展开更多
The early fossil record of terrestrial arthropod herbivory consists of two pulses. The first pulse was concentrated during the latest Silurian to Early Devonian （417 to 403 Ma）, and consists of the earliest evidence...The early fossil record of terrestrial arthropod herbivory consists of two pulses. The first pulse was concentrated during the latest Silurian to Early Devonian （417 to 403 Ma）, and consists of the earliest evidence for consumption of sporangia and stems （and limited fungivore borings）. Herbivorization of most of these tissues was rapid, representing 0 to 20 million-year （m.y.） lags from the earliest occurrences of these organs in the fossil record to their initial consumption （Phase 1）. For approximately the next 75 m.y., there was a second, more histologically varied origination and expansion of roots, leaves, wood and seeds, whose earliest evidence for herbivorization occurred from the Middle-Late Mississippian boundary to the Middle Pennsylvanian （327 to 309 Ma）. The appearance of this second herbivory pulse during the later Paleozoic （Phase 2） is accompanied by major lags of 98 to 54 m.y. between times of appearance of each of the four organ and tissue types and their subsequent herbivory. Both pulses provide a context for three emerging questions. First is an explanation for the contrast between the near instantaneous consumption of plant tissues during Phase 1, versus the exceptionally long lags between the earliest occurrences of plant tissues and their subsequent herbivorization during Phase 2. Second is the identity of arthropod herbivores for both phases. Third is the cause behind the overwhelming targeting of seed-fern plant hosts during Phase 2. Regardless of the answers to these questions, the trace fossil record of plant-arthropod associations provides primary ecological data that remain unaddressed by the body-fossil record alone.展开更多
The root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is traditionally used as medicine,and it has been confirmed that S.baicalensis Georgi has flavonoid chemical constituents,pharmacological activity and cosmetic efficacy.With ...The root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is traditionally used as medicine,and it has been confirmed that S.baicalensis Georgi has flavonoid chemical constituents,pharmacological activity and cosmetic efficacy.With the extensive application of S.baicalensis Georgi roots,the resource of S.baicalensis Georgi has been increasingly short.The above-ground part of stems and leaves of S.baicalensis Georgi has also been gradually recognized and developed.Studies have found that the chemical constituents from stems and leaves of S.baicalensis Georgi are also a group of flavonoids with a lot of pharmacological activity and have a great application value.Based on this,the present review will be reported on the chemical constituents and application of the roots,stems and leaves of S.baicalensis Georgi.展开更多
文摘目的:研究和比较费菜根、茎、叶和果实4个部位的脂溶性成分。方法:采用索氏提取法提取费菜根、茎、叶和果实4个部位的脂溶性成分,采用氢氧化钾-甲醇直接酯化法进行甲酯化处理,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对4种脂溶性成分进行分离和鉴定。载气为高纯度氦气,进口温度250℃,流速1.24 m L·min^(-1);电离方式EI离子源,离子源温度200℃,接口温度250℃,溶剂延时3.5 min,m/z 40~600。结果:从费菜的根、茎、叶和果实4个部位中分别鉴定出26,37,37,20种脂溶性成分,4个部位中共有的脂溶性成分有12种,单独存在的成分分别有6,6,9,2种。以亚麻酸和亚油酸为主的不饱和脂肪酸是费菜的主要脂溶性成分,其在根、茎、叶和果实4个部位的质量分数分别为42.59%,52.57%,37.04%和80.06%,4个部位的不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸的比例分别为1.17∶1,1.38∶1,0.85∶1和4.56∶1,费菜的4个部位具有相似的脂肪酸组成,但脂肪酸的构成比例有一定差异。结论:该文提取、鉴定并比较了费菜4个部位的脂溶性成分,为费菜的开发利用奠定了基础。
基金This work was financially supported by grants from the Department of Technology and Science of the Fujian Provincial Government(No.2021J01132,No.2020J01732)the Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund(No.KFA18071A).
文摘Objective:Diterpenoids with a wide variety of biological activities from Anoectochilus roxburghii,a precious medicinal plant,are important active components.However,due to the lack of genetic information on the metabolic process of diterpenoids in A.roxburghii,the genes involved in the molecular regulation mechanism of diterpenoid metabolism are still unclear.This study revealed the complex metabolic genes for diterpenoids biosynthesis in different organs of A.roxburghii by combining analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics.Methods:The differences in diterpenoid accumulation in roots,stems and leaves of A.roxburghii were analyzed by metabonomic analysis,and its metabolic gene information was obtained by transcriptome sequencing.Then,the molecular mechanism of differential diterpenoid accumulation in different organs of A.roxburghii was analyzed from the perspective of gene expression patterns.Results:A total of 296 terpenoid metabolites were identified in the five terpenoid metabolic pathways in A.roxburghii.There were 38,34,and 18 diterpenoids with different contents between roots and leaves,between leaves and stems,and between roots and stems,respectively.Twenty-nine metabolic enzyme genes with 883 unigenes in the diterpenoid synthesis process were identified,and the DXS and FDPS in the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis stage and CPA,GA20ox,GA3ox,GA2ox,and MAS in the diterpenoid biosynthesis stage were predicted to be the key metabolic enzymes for the accumulation of diterpenoids.In addition,14 key transcription factor coding genes were predicted to be involved in the regulation of the diterpenoid biosynthesis.The expression of genes such as GA2ox,MAS,CPA,GA20ox and GA3ox might be activated by some of the 14 transcription factors.The transcription factor NTF-Y and PRE6 were predicted to be the most important transcription factors.Conclusion:This study determined 29 metabolic enzyme genes and predicted 14 transcription factors involved in the molecular regulation mechanism of diterpenoid metabolism in A.roxbur
文摘The early fossil record of terrestrial arthropod herbivory consists of two pulses. The first pulse was concentrated during the latest Silurian to Early Devonian （417 to 403 Ma）, and consists of the earliest evidence for consumption of sporangia and stems （and limited fungivore borings）. Herbivorization of most of these tissues was rapid, representing 0 to 20 million-year （m.y.） lags from the earliest occurrences of these organs in the fossil record to their initial consumption （Phase 1）. For approximately the next 75 m.y., there was a second, more histologically varied origination and expansion of roots, leaves, wood and seeds, whose earliest evidence for herbivorization occurred from the Middle-Late Mississippian boundary to the Middle Pennsylvanian （327 to 309 Ma）. The appearance of this second herbivory pulse during the later Paleozoic （Phase 2） is accompanied by major lags of 98 to 54 m.y. between times of appearance of each of the four organ and tissue types and their subsequent herbivory. Both pulses provide a context for three emerging questions. First is an explanation for the contrast between the near instantaneous consumption of plant tissues during Phase 1, versus the exceptionally long lags between the earliest occurrences of plant tissues and their subsequent herbivorization during Phase 2. Second is the identity of arthropod herbivores for both phases. Third is the cause behind the overwhelming targeting of seed-fern plant hosts during Phase 2. Regardless of the answers to these questions, the trace fossil record of plant-arthropod associations provides primary ecological data that remain unaddressed by the body-fossil record alone.
基金Supported by Funding Project of Hebei Provincial Department of Education(ZD20131022,ZD2019057)First Batch Financial Support for Hebei Provincial Hundred Outstanding Innovative Talents in China.
文摘The root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is traditionally used as medicine,and it has been confirmed that S.baicalensis Georgi has flavonoid chemical constituents,pharmacological activity and cosmetic efficacy.With the extensive application of S.baicalensis Georgi roots,the resource of S.baicalensis Georgi has been increasingly short.The above-ground part of stems and leaves of S.baicalensis Georgi has also been gradually recognized and developed.Studies have found that the chemical constituents from stems and leaves of S.baicalensis Georgi are also a group of flavonoids with a lot of pharmacological activity and have a great application value.Based on this,the present review will be reported on the chemical constituents and application of the roots,stems and leaves of S.baicalensis Georgi.
