【目的】根区土壤微生物是影响根系环境的重要因素,炭化苹果枝是废弃果树枝条低氧高温热解产物,研究施用炭化苹果枝对苹果根区土壤细菌和真菌的群落结构及其多样性的影响,为炭化苹果枝的合理应用以及改善果园土壤生物学性状提供理论依...【目的】根区土壤微生物是影响根系环境的重要因素,炭化苹果枝是废弃果树枝条低氧高温热解产物,研究施用炭化苹果枝对苹果根区土壤细菌和真菌的群落结构及其多样性的影响,为炭化苹果枝的合理应用以及改善果园土壤生物学性状提供理论依据。【方法】在春季,将长势一致的2年生‘富士’苹果幼树(砧木为平邑甜茶)移栽到含有不同质量比(0—4%)炭化苹果枝的盆栽土壤中,于移栽120 d后采集土样,提取基因组DNA,通过PCR扩增建立文库,利用Miseq平台Illumina第二代高通量测序技术并结合相关生物信息学分析土壤细菌16S r RNA基因V3+V4区域和真菌ITS1区域的丰富度和多样性指数以及群落结构。【结果】从15个苹果根区土壤样本中获得16 656个细菌分类操作单元(OTU)和435个真菌OTU,其中,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)是优势细菌,其相对丰度共占70.68%—72.80%;担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和接合菌门(Zygomycota)是优势真菌,其相对丰度共占68.00%—75.14%。群落物种丰富度指数(Chao指数和Ace指数)分析显示,1%炭化苹果枝增加了细菌的群落丰富度,其Chao指数提高了15.42%,Ace指数提高3.89%;0.5%炭化苹果枝增加了真菌的群落丰富度,其Chao指数提高了2.80%,Ace指数提高了3.61%。群落多样性指数(Shannon指数和Simpson指数)分析表明,0.5%—4%炭化苹果枝降低了土壤细菌的多样性,增加了土壤真菌的多样性;其中,细菌群落多样性Shannon指数在炭化苹果枝用量为1%时最低,真菌Shannon指数在炭化苹果枝用量为0.5%时最高。1%、2%和4%的炭化苹果枝均不同程度地降低了根区土壤变形菌门、酸杆菌门和担子菌门的相对丰度,提高了拟杆菌门和接合菌门的相对丰度;真菌担子菌门中的锈革孔菌科(Hymenochaetaceae)的相对丰度最大(数值在31.99%—46.74%),施用1%、2%和4%的炭化苹展开更多
为了探讨顶坛花椒(Zanthoxylum planispimum var. dintanensis)衰老退化的原因,实现林分稳定与可持续性经营,该文以开黄花为典型标志的衰老退化植株和正常生长的植株为研究对象,采用土壤农业化学和环境矿物学的方法,分析不同植株根区土...为了探讨顶坛花椒(Zanthoxylum planispimum var. dintanensis)衰老退化的原因,实现林分稳定与可持续性经营,该文以开黄花为典型标志的衰老退化植株和正常生长的植株为研究对象,采用土壤农业化学和环境矿物学的方法,分析不同植株根区土壤矿质元素含量,评价土壤综合质量。结果表明:(1)正常生长植株根区土壤的C、P、K、S、Se、Sr、Mo、氧化物等总体水平显著高于衰老退化植株,总氮、速效磷、速效氮、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr无显著差异,其他元素的变化规律不明显。元素的有效态含量亦对植株生长产生影响。从植物营养需求角度看,大量、中量、微量元素均对土壤质量产生支配效应。(2)根区土壤质量指数表现为正常生长植株3最高、衰老退化植株1最低,说明土壤质量对顶坛花椒衰老退化具有影响。(3)顶坛花椒林分经营时,应培育良好的土壤结构,注重土壤养分的全面性和均衡性,关注矿质元素过低引起的亏缺效应。展开更多
为研究根区土壤加温对塑料大棚内红地球葡萄休眠期至萌芽期生理特性及芽萌发的影响,试验以5年生红地球葡萄为试材,在需冷量满足后进行根域加温处理,设置(20±2)℃(以下简称T_(20℃))和对照(CK)2个温度梯度,观测芽体萌发进程、测定...为研究根区土壤加温对塑料大棚内红地球葡萄休眠期至萌芽期生理特性及芽萌发的影响,试验以5年生红地球葡萄为试材,在需冷量满足后进行根域加温处理,设置(20±2)℃(以下简称T_(20℃))和对照(CK)2个温度梯度,观测芽体萌发进程、测定休眠期至萌芽期葡萄1年生枝条和10、20、30 cm 3个深度根系的氨基酸含量、可溶性耱含量和IOD活性的变化。结果表明:塑料大棚促早栽培通过根区土壤加温,可提高土壤温度约9.9℃,T_(20℃)处理比对照提早6 d解除休眠;休眠期葡萄枝条和根系内氨基酸含量、可溶性耱含量、IOD活性均迅速升高,但升温管理后T_(20℃)处理下根系和枝条氨基酸含量、可溶性糖含量、IOD活性均迅速下降;CK处理下根系和枝条氨基酸和可溶性糖含量下降缓慢,IOD活性先上升后下降,且T_(20℃)处理根系和枝条各个生理指标的含量或活性均低于CK。其中T_(20℃)处理下根系和枝条氨基酸含量、可溶性糖含量、IOD活性的最高值均比对照出现的早,表明T_(20℃)处理有提早解除休眠的趋势。适当的提高土壤温度可以使葡萄提早解除生态型抑制休眠,提前进入萌芽,提早上市。展开更多
利用BIOLOG微平板技术对广州市黄埔区龟山重金属污染下台湾相思(Acacia con fusa)和尾叶桉(Eucalyptus urophylla)根区土壤微生物群落多样性进行了研究。结果表明,广州市黄埔区龟山土壤重金属污染严重,其中全Cd和全Zn含量大大超出广州...利用BIOLOG微平板技术对广州市黄埔区龟山重金属污染下台湾相思(Acacia con fusa)和尾叶桉(Eucalyptus urophylla)根区土壤微生物群落多样性进行了研究。结果表明,广州市黄埔区龟山土壤重金属污染严重,其中全Cd和全Zn含量大大超出广州市背景值,并对微生物群落产生最大负效应。土壤环境的恶化导致细菌数量减少,微生物代谢活性滞后,对醣类和氨基酸类碳源利用低,多样性指数降低。黄埔区台湾相思和尾叶桉根区土壤细菌数量和微生物多样性显著高于裸地。由于重金属污染对根区土壤的影响较大,台湾相思和尾叶桉根区土壤的细菌数量、微生物碳源利用类型以及群落多样性指数均无显著差异。然而,台湾相思根区土壤微生物的代谢活性随着培养时间的延长,呈迅速上升趋势,并较其他供试土壤具有更高的代谢能力;另外,台湾相思不仅可以稳定土壤中的Cu和Pb,还能吸收Cd和Zn,并且其固氮能力能有效增加土壤养分含量,对土壤条件进行改良,也是广州市常用的造林先锋树种,适合作为广州市黄埔区重金属污染地植被重建材料。展开更多
Sports turf is a relatively weak link in the study of turfgrass science in our country,which is crucial for the development of athletic sports and intercommunications with athletes abroad.Attempting to control the san...Sports turf is a relatively weak link in the study of turfgrass science in our country,which is crucial for the development of athletic sports and intercommunications with athletes abroad.Attempting to control the sand,soil and peat content in the root zone,we research into the effect of different sand/soil ratio and peat content on soil physical properties and turfgrass growth.The experiment consists of two one-factor designs: Sand/soil ratio,and peat content.Sand/soil ratio experiment contains 11 treatments,using from 0 to 100 kg·100kg-1 sand/(sand+soil),conducted in the open land.The small plots were constructed within 1×1 m2 polyethylene boxes supported by legged,metal framework.Peat content experiment involves 6 treatments from 0 to 50 g·kg-1,which were conducted in Φ30 cm flowerpots.The main results are as follows: With sand content increasing,total porosity and capillary porosity declined,while air-filled porosity ameliorated.Capillary porosity and air-filled porosity improved notably when sand particle content was more than 80%.After compaction,the porosity in all the treatments reduced,and air-filled porosity declined remarkably when sand content was in the medium.With sand content increasing,saturated hydraulic conductivity increased exponentially.Steady infiltration rate,before turfgrass was planted and two months afterwards,showed the same trend with the saturated hydraulic conductivity,and both have distinct linear relationship.According to the significance of difference,the 11 treatments were divided into three groups: The first group was formed of those with sand/soil ratio from 0 to 3∶7(sand content lower than 60%);the second group contained those with sand/soil ratio from 3∶7 to 7∶3(sand content between 60% and 80%);and the third group consisted of those with sand/soil ratio more than 7∶3(sand content more than 80%).Curves that showed the water characteristics of different sand/soil root zones could be regressed evidently by Power function θ=AS-B.Water retention capability declined g展开更多
文摘【目的】根区土壤微生物是影响根系环境的重要因素,炭化苹果枝是废弃果树枝条低氧高温热解产物,研究施用炭化苹果枝对苹果根区土壤细菌和真菌的群落结构及其多样性的影响,为炭化苹果枝的合理应用以及改善果园土壤生物学性状提供理论依据。【方法】在春季,将长势一致的2年生‘富士’苹果幼树(砧木为平邑甜茶)移栽到含有不同质量比(0—4%)炭化苹果枝的盆栽土壤中,于移栽120 d后采集土样,提取基因组DNA,通过PCR扩增建立文库,利用Miseq平台Illumina第二代高通量测序技术并结合相关生物信息学分析土壤细菌16S r RNA基因V3+V4区域和真菌ITS1区域的丰富度和多样性指数以及群落结构。【结果】从15个苹果根区土壤样本中获得16 656个细菌分类操作单元(OTU)和435个真菌OTU,其中,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)是优势细菌,其相对丰度共占70.68%—72.80%;担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和接合菌门(Zygomycota)是优势真菌,其相对丰度共占68.00%—75.14%。群落物种丰富度指数(Chao指数和Ace指数)分析显示,1%炭化苹果枝增加了细菌的群落丰富度,其Chao指数提高了15.42%,Ace指数提高3.89%;0.5%炭化苹果枝增加了真菌的群落丰富度,其Chao指数提高了2.80%,Ace指数提高了3.61%。群落多样性指数(Shannon指数和Simpson指数)分析表明,0.5%—4%炭化苹果枝降低了土壤细菌的多样性,增加了土壤真菌的多样性;其中,细菌群落多样性Shannon指数在炭化苹果枝用量为1%时最低,真菌Shannon指数在炭化苹果枝用量为0.5%时最高。1%、2%和4%的炭化苹果枝均不同程度地降低了根区土壤变形菌门、酸杆菌门和担子菌门的相对丰度,提高了拟杆菌门和接合菌门的相对丰度;真菌担子菌门中的锈革孔菌科(Hymenochaetaceae)的相对丰度最大(数值在31.99%—46.74%),施用1%、2%和4%的炭化苹
文摘为了探讨顶坛花椒(Zanthoxylum planispimum var. dintanensis)衰老退化的原因,实现林分稳定与可持续性经营,该文以开黄花为典型标志的衰老退化植株和正常生长的植株为研究对象,采用土壤农业化学和环境矿物学的方法,分析不同植株根区土壤矿质元素含量,评价土壤综合质量。结果表明:(1)正常生长植株根区土壤的C、P、K、S、Se、Sr、Mo、氧化物等总体水平显著高于衰老退化植株,总氮、速效磷、速效氮、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr无显著差异,其他元素的变化规律不明显。元素的有效态含量亦对植株生长产生影响。从植物营养需求角度看,大量、中量、微量元素均对土壤质量产生支配效应。(2)根区土壤质量指数表现为正常生长植株3最高、衰老退化植株1最低,说明土壤质量对顶坛花椒衰老退化具有影响。(3)顶坛花椒林分经营时,应培育良好的土壤结构,注重土壤养分的全面性和均衡性,关注矿质元素过低引起的亏缺效应。
文摘为研究根区土壤加温对塑料大棚内红地球葡萄休眠期至萌芽期生理特性及芽萌发的影响,试验以5年生红地球葡萄为试材,在需冷量满足后进行根域加温处理,设置(20±2)℃(以下简称T_(20℃))和对照(CK)2个温度梯度,观测芽体萌发进程、测定休眠期至萌芽期葡萄1年生枝条和10、20、30 cm 3个深度根系的氨基酸含量、可溶性耱含量和IOD活性的变化。结果表明:塑料大棚促早栽培通过根区土壤加温,可提高土壤温度约9.9℃,T_(20℃)处理比对照提早6 d解除休眠;休眠期葡萄枝条和根系内氨基酸含量、可溶性耱含量、IOD活性均迅速升高,但升温管理后T_(20℃)处理下根系和枝条氨基酸含量、可溶性糖含量、IOD活性均迅速下降;CK处理下根系和枝条氨基酸和可溶性糖含量下降缓慢,IOD活性先上升后下降,且T_(20℃)处理根系和枝条各个生理指标的含量或活性均低于CK。其中T_(20℃)处理下根系和枝条氨基酸含量、可溶性糖含量、IOD活性的最高值均比对照出现的早,表明T_(20℃)处理有提早解除休眠的趋势。适当的提高土壤温度可以使葡萄提早解除生态型抑制休眠,提前进入萌芽,提早上市。
文摘利用BIOLOG微平板技术对广州市黄埔区龟山重金属污染下台湾相思(Acacia con fusa)和尾叶桉(Eucalyptus urophylla)根区土壤微生物群落多样性进行了研究。结果表明,广州市黄埔区龟山土壤重金属污染严重,其中全Cd和全Zn含量大大超出广州市背景值,并对微生物群落产生最大负效应。土壤环境的恶化导致细菌数量减少,微生物代谢活性滞后,对醣类和氨基酸类碳源利用低,多样性指数降低。黄埔区台湾相思和尾叶桉根区土壤细菌数量和微生物多样性显著高于裸地。由于重金属污染对根区土壤的影响较大,台湾相思和尾叶桉根区土壤的细菌数量、微生物碳源利用类型以及群落多样性指数均无显著差异。然而,台湾相思根区土壤微生物的代谢活性随着培养时间的延长,呈迅速上升趋势,并较其他供试土壤具有更高的代谢能力;另外,台湾相思不仅可以稳定土壤中的Cu和Pb,还能吸收Cd和Zn,并且其固氮能力能有效增加土壤养分含量,对土壤条件进行改良,也是广州市常用的造林先锋树种,适合作为广州市黄埔区重金属污染地植被重建材料。
文摘Sports turf is a relatively weak link in the study of turfgrass science in our country,which is crucial for the development of athletic sports and intercommunications with athletes abroad.Attempting to control the sand,soil and peat content in the root zone,we research into the effect of different sand/soil ratio and peat content on soil physical properties and turfgrass growth.The experiment consists of two one-factor designs: Sand/soil ratio,and peat content.Sand/soil ratio experiment contains 11 treatments,using from 0 to 100 kg·100kg-1 sand/(sand+soil),conducted in the open land.The small plots were constructed within 1×1 m2 polyethylene boxes supported by legged,metal framework.Peat content experiment involves 6 treatments from 0 to 50 g·kg-1,which were conducted in Φ30 cm flowerpots.The main results are as follows: With sand content increasing,total porosity and capillary porosity declined,while air-filled porosity ameliorated.Capillary porosity and air-filled porosity improved notably when sand particle content was more than 80%.After compaction,the porosity in all the treatments reduced,and air-filled porosity declined remarkably when sand content was in the medium.With sand content increasing,saturated hydraulic conductivity increased exponentially.Steady infiltration rate,before turfgrass was planted and two months afterwards,showed the same trend with the saturated hydraulic conductivity,and both have distinct linear relationship.According to the significance of difference,the 11 treatments were divided into three groups: The first group was formed of those with sand/soil ratio from 0 to 3∶7(sand content lower than 60%);the second group contained those with sand/soil ratio from 3∶7 to 7∶3(sand content between 60% and 80%);and the third group consisted of those with sand/soil ratio more than 7∶3(sand content more than 80%).Curves that showed the water characteristics of different sand/soil root zones could be regressed evidently by Power function θ=AS-B.Water retention capability declined g
