Thirty per cent of all colorectal tumours develop in the rectum.The location of the rectum within the bony pelvis and its proximity to vital structures presents significant therapeutic challenges when considering neoa...Thirty per cent of all colorectal tumours develop in the rectum.The location of the rectum within the bony pelvis and its proximity to vital structures presents significant therapeutic challenges when considering neoadjuvant options and surgical interventions.Most patients with early rectal cancer can be adequately managed by surgery alone.However,a significant proportion of patients with rectal cancer present with locally advanced disease and will potentially benefit from down staging prior to surgery.Neoadjuvant therapy involves a variety of options including radiotherapy,chemotherapy used alone or in combination.Neoadjuvant radiotherapy in rectal cancer has been shown to be effective in reducing tumour burden in advance of curative surgery.The gold standard surgical rectal cancer management aims to achieve surgical removal of the tumour and all draining lymph nodes,within an intact mesorectal package,in order to minimise local recurrence.It is critically important that all rectal cancer cases are discussed at a multidisciplinary meeting represented by all relevant specialties.Pre-operative staging including CT thorax,abdomen,pelvis to assess for distal disease and magnetic resonance imaging to assess local involvement is essential.Staging radiology and MDT discussion are integral in identifying patients who require neoadjuvant radiotherapy.While Neoadjuvant radiotherapy is potentially beneficial it may also result in morbidity and thus should be reserved for those patients who are at a high risk of local failure,which includes patients with nodal involvement,extramural venous invasion and threatened circumferential margin.The aim of this review is to discuss the role of neoadjuvant radiotherapy in the management of rectal cancer.展开更多
Laparoscopic surgery is applied today worldwide to most digestive procedures. In some of them, such as cholecystectomy, Nissen's fundoplication or obesity surgery, laparoscopy has become the standard in practice. ...Laparoscopic surgery is applied today worldwide to most digestive procedures. In some of them, such as cholecystectomy, Nissen's fundoplication or obesity surgery, laparoscopy has become the standard in practice. In others, such as colon or gastric resection, the laparoscopic approach is frequently used and its usefulness is unquestionable. More complex procedures, such as esophageal, liver or pancreatic resections are, however, more infrequently performed, due to the high grade of skill necessary. As a result, there is less clinical evidence to support its implementation. In the recent years, robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery has been increasingly applied, again with little evidence for comparison with the conventional laparoscopic approach. This review will focus on the complex digestive procedures as well as those whose use in standard practice could be more controversial. Also novel robot-assisted procedures will be updated.展开更多
The introduction of laparoscopy is an example of surgical innovation with a rapid implementation in many areas of surgery. A large number of controlled studiesand meta-analyses have shown that laparoscopic colorectal ...The introduction of laparoscopy is an example of surgical innovation with a rapid implementation in many areas of surgery. A large number of controlled studiesand meta-analyses have shown that laparoscopic colorectal surgery is associated with the same benefits than other minimally invasive procedures, including lesser pain, earlier recovery of bowel transit and shorter hospital stay. On the other hand, despite initial concerns about oncological safety, well-designed prospective randomized multicentre trials have demonstrated that oncological outcomes of laparoscopy and open surgery are similar. Although the use of laparoscopy in colorectal surgery has increased in recent years, the percentages of patients treated with surgery using minimally invasive techniques are still reduced and there are also substantial differences among centres. It has been argued that the limiting factor for the use of laparoscopic procedures is the number of surgeons with adequate skills to perform a laparoscopic colectomy rather than the tumour of patients' characteristics. In this regard, future efforts to increase the use of laparoscopic techniques in colorectal surgery will necessarily require more efforts in teaching surgeons. We here present a review of recent controversies of the use of laparoscopy in colorectal surgery, such as in rectal cancer operations, the possibility of reproducing complete mesocolon excision, and the benefits of intracorporeal anastomosis after right hemicolectomy. We also describe the results of latest innovations such as single incision laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery for colon and rectal diseases.展开更多
目的:探索单针全层胰肠吻合应用于胰十二指肠切除术中的安全性与有效性。方法:回顾分析2018年9月至2018年10月采用单针全层胰肠吻合行胰十二指肠切除的连续10例患者的临床资料。收集患者的一般情况(年龄、性别、体重指数、ASA评分)、围...目的:探索单针全层胰肠吻合应用于胰十二指肠切除术中的安全性与有效性。方法:回顾分析2018年9月至2018年10月采用单针全层胰肠吻合行胰十二指肠切除的连续10例患者的临床资料。收集患者的一般情况(年龄、性别、体重指数、ASA评分)、围手术期相关指标(手术时间、胰肠吻合时间、术中失血量、输血例数、术后住院时间及术后胰瘘、胆漏、胃排空障碍、腹腔积液等并发症发病率、死亡率)、病理结果,并进行统计学分析。结果:本组中1例患者成功完成腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术,6例成功施行机器人胰十二指肠切除术。手术时间平均(197.1±38.4) min,胰肠吻合时间平均(14.6±3.4) min,中位术中出血量100 m L (50,200 m L),术后平均住院(12.9±3.5) d,术后出现生化漏3例(30%),未发生B级、C级胰瘘,术后4例患者发生并发症,无Clavien 3级以上并发症发生及30 d再入院、死亡病例。结论:单针全层胰肠吻合可显著降低胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘及相关并发症发生率,是简单、易行、安全、可靠的胰肠吻合方法。展开更多
The Da Vinci Surgical System may help to overcome some of the difficulties of laparoscopy for complicated abdominal surgery.The authors of this article present a case of robot-assisted, one-stage radical resection of ...The Da Vinci Surgical System may help to overcome some of the difficulties of laparoscopy for complicated abdominal surgery.The authors of this article present a case of robot-assisted, one-stage radical resection of three tumors, including robotic anterior resection for rectal cancer, segmental hepatectomy for liver metastasis, and wedge-shaped excision for lung metastasis.A 59-year-old man with primary rectal cancer and liver and lung metastases was operated upon with a one-stage radical resection approach using the Da Vinci Surgical System.Resection and anastomosis of rectal cancer were performed extracorporeally afterundocking the robot.The procedure was successfully completed in 500 min.No surgical complications occurred during the intervention and postoperative period, and no conversion to laparotomy or additional trocars were required.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of simultaneous resection for rectal cancer with liver and lung metastases using the Da Vinci Surgery System to be reported.The procedure is feasible and safe and its main advantages for patient are avoiding repeated operation, reducing surgical trauma, shortening recovery time, and early implementation of postoperative adjuvant therapy.展开更多
基金Supported by NBCRI,Symptomatic Breast Unit,University Hospital Galway
文摘Thirty per cent of all colorectal tumours develop in the rectum.The location of the rectum within the bony pelvis and its proximity to vital structures presents significant therapeutic challenges when considering neoadjuvant options and surgical interventions.Most patients with early rectal cancer can be adequately managed by surgery alone.However,a significant proportion of patients with rectal cancer present with locally advanced disease and will potentially benefit from down staging prior to surgery.Neoadjuvant therapy involves a variety of options including radiotherapy,chemotherapy used alone or in combination.Neoadjuvant radiotherapy in rectal cancer has been shown to be effective in reducing tumour burden in advance of curative surgery.The gold standard surgical rectal cancer management aims to achieve surgical removal of the tumour and all draining lymph nodes,within an intact mesorectal package,in order to minimise local recurrence.It is critically important that all rectal cancer cases are discussed at a multidisciplinary meeting represented by all relevant specialties.Pre-operative staging including CT thorax,abdomen,pelvis to assess for distal disease and magnetic resonance imaging to assess local involvement is essential.Staging radiology and MDT discussion are integral in identifying patients who require neoadjuvant radiotherapy.While Neoadjuvant radiotherapy is potentially beneficial it may also result in morbidity and thus should be reserved for those patients who are at a high risk of local failure,which includes patients with nodal involvement,extramural venous invasion and threatened circumferential margin.The aim of this review is to discuss the role of neoadjuvant radiotherapy in the management of rectal cancer.
文摘Laparoscopic surgery is applied today worldwide to most digestive procedures. In some of them, such as cholecystectomy, Nissen's fundoplication or obesity surgery, laparoscopy has become the standard in practice. In others, such as colon or gastric resection, the laparoscopic approach is frequently used and its usefulness is unquestionable. More complex procedures, such as esophageal, liver or pancreatic resections are, however, more infrequently performed, due to the high grade of skill necessary. As a result, there is less clinical evidence to support its implementation. In the recent years, robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery has been increasingly applied, again with little evidence for comparison with the conventional laparoscopic approach. This review will focus on the complex digestive procedures as well as those whose use in standard practice could be more controversial. Also novel robot-assisted procedures will be updated.
文摘The introduction of laparoscopy is an example of surgical innovation with a rapid implementation in many areas of surgery. A large number of controlled studiesand meta-analyses have shown that laparoscopic colorectal surgery is associated with the same benefits than other minimally invasive procedures, including lesser pain, earlier recovery of bowel transit and shorter hospital stay. On the other hand, despite initial concerns about oncological safety, well-designed prospective randomized multicentre trials have demonstrated that oncological outcomes of laparoscopy and open surgery are similar. Although the use of laparoscopy in colorectal surgery has increased in recent years, the percentages of patients treated with surgery using minimally invasive techniques are still reduced and there are also substantial differences among centres. It has been argued that the limiting factor for the use of laparoscopic procedures is the number of surgeons with adequate skills to perform a laparoscopic colectomy rather than the tumour of patients' characteristics. In this regard, future efforts to increase the use of laparoscopic techniques in colorectal surgery will necessarily require more efforts in teaching surgeons. We here present a review of recent controversies of the use of laparoscopy in colorectal surgery, such as in rectal cancer operations, the possibility of reproducing complete mesocolon excision, and the benefits of intracorporeal anastomosis after right hemicolectomy. We also describe the results of latest innovations such as single incision laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery for colon and rectal diseases.
文摘目的:探索单针全层胰肠吻合应用于胰十二指肠切除术中的安全性与有效性。方法:回顾分析2018年9月至2018年10月采用单针全层胰肠吻合行胰十二指肠切除的连续10例患者的临床资料。收集患者的一般情况(年龄、性别、体重指数、ASA评分)、围手术期相关指标(手术时间、胰肠吻合时间、术中失血量、输血例数、术后住院时间及术后胰瘘、胆漏、胃排空障碍、腹腔积液等并发症发病率、死亡率)、病理结果,并进行统计学分析。结果:本组中1例患者成功完成腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术,6例成功施行机器人胰十二指肠切除术。手术时间平均(197.1±38.4) min,胰肠吻合时间平均(14.6±3.4) min,中位术中出血量100 m L (50,200 m L),术后平均住院(12.9±3.5) d,术后出现生化漏3例(30%),未发生B级、C级胰瘘,术后4例患者发生并发症,无Clavien 3级以上并发症发生及30 d再入院、死亡病例。结论:单针全层胰肠吻合可显著降低胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘及相关并发症发生率,是简单、易行、安全、可靠的胰肠吻合方法。
文摘The Da Vinci Surgical System may help to overcome some of the difficulties of laparoscopy for complicated abdominal surgery.The authors of this article present a case of robot-assisted, one-stage radical resection of three tumors, including robotic anterior resection for rectal cancer, segmental hepatectomy for liver metastasis, and wedge-shaped excision for lung metastasis.A 59-year-old man with primary rectal cancer and liver and lung metastases was operated upon with a one-stage radical resection approach using the Da Vinci Surgical System.Resection and anastomosis of rectal cancer were performed extracorporeally afterundocking the robot.The procedure was successfully completed in 500 min.No surgical complications occurred during the intervention and postoperative period, and no conversion to laparotomy or additional trocars were required.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of simultaneous resection for rectal cancer with liver and lung metastases using the Da Vinci Surgery System to be reported.The procedure is feasible and safe and its main advantages for patient are avoiding repeated operation, reducing surgical trauma, shortening recovery time, and early implementation of postoperative adjuvant therapy.
