Acute infections cause local and systemic disorders which can lead in the most severe forms to multi-organ failure and eventually to death. The host response to infection encompasses a large spectrum of reactions with...Acute infections cause local and systemic disorders which can lead in the most severe forms to multi-organ failure and eventually to death. The host response to infection encompasses a large spectrum of reactions with a concomitant activation of the so-called inflammatory response aimed at fighting the infectious agent and removing damaged tissues or cells, and the anti-inflammatory response aimed at controlling inflammation and initiating the healing process. Fine-tuning at the local and systemic levels is key to preventing local and remote injury due to immune system activation. Thus, during bacterial sepsis and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), concomitant systemic and compartmentalized pro-inflammatory and compensatory anti-inflammatory responses are occurring. Immune cells (e.g., macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and T-lymphocytes), as well as endothelial cells, differ from one compartment to another and contribute to specific organ responses to sterile and microbial insult. Furthermore, tissue-specific microbiota influences the local and systemic response. A better understanding of the tissue-specific immune status, the organ immunity crosstalk, and the role of specific mediators during sepsis and COVID-19 can foster the development of more accurate biomarkers for better diagnosis and prognosis and help to define appropriate host-targeted treatments and vaccines in the context of precision medicine.展开更多
目的明确肺结核患者和健康人群的呼吸道微生物菌群组成的变化情况。方法时间限定为2010年1月至2019年12月,在英文数据库(PubMed、Embase and Ovid、Web of Science、Google Scholar、Cochrane Library)和中文数据库(中国知网、万方、中...目的明确肺结核患者和健康人群的呼吸道微生物菌群组成的变化情况。方法时间限定为2010年1月至2019年12月,在英文数据库(PubMed、Embase and Ovid、Web of Science、Google Scholar、Cochrane Library)和中文数据库(中国知网、万方、中国生物医学文献服务系统与维普)检索所有包含结核和呼吸道菌群的文献,按照文献检索流程筛选文献并最终纳入。收集所有可用的下一代测序数据,统一处理参数,进行数据预处理和系统的宏基因组学分析及统计学处理。结果共纳入9篇英文文献。物种分析结果提示肺结核组和健康对照组在门水平相对丰度排在前10位的共有菌群有:厚壁菌门、OD1菌门、变形菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门、梭杆菌门、蓝菌门。但两组呼吸道菌群群落结构组成差异有统计学意义,α多样性分析显示,肺结核组观测到的可操作分类单元(operational taxonomic units,OTU)数目(286.60±22.82)、Faith谱系多样性(phylogenetic diversity,PD)指数(Faith PD指数)(13.57±2.58)、Shannon指数(7.17±0.24)明显高于健康对照组(分别为42.88±2.49、6.52±0.22、4.42±0.07),差异均具有统计学意义(P值分别为0.00016、0.00056、0.00016)。肺结核组Chaol指数高于健康对照组(266.50±92.71和38.44±2.86),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。门水平上两组丰度有差异的物种有6种,其中5种在健康对照组聚集,为厚壁菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门、梭杆菌门、变形菌门,另有OD1门在肺结核组聚集。F16科、丙型变形菌纲、梭杆菌门梭杆菌目、厚壁菌门下的明串珠菌科和芽孢杆菌科是肺结核特有的菌群种类。结论肺结核患者与健康人群比较,呼吸道菌群的多样性及物种组成均发生了较大变化,并具有特有的菌群种类。展开更多
黏液过度分泌是变应性鼻炎、慢性鼻-鼻窦炎、哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病和囊性纤维化等呼吸道炎性疾病的重要特征。杯状细胞化生、黏液纤毛清除功能障碍是导致鼻腔及呼吸道黏液积聚的重要病理改变。新近研究发现，钙激活氯离子通道（calciu...黏液过度分泌是变应性鼻炎、慢性鼻-鼻窦炎、哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病和囊性纤维化等呼吸道炎性疾病的重要特征。杯状细胞化生、黏液纤毛清除功能障碍是导致鼻腔及呼吸道黏液积聚的重要病理改变。新近研究发现，钙激活氯离子通道（calcium—activated chloride channels，CaCCs）的分子结构跨膜蛋白16A（transmembrane protein 16A，TMEM16A）与黏液分泌调控有关，不仅表现在介导电解质跨上皮转运及水合作用，还参与黏液中黏蛋白5AC的分泌调节。本文介绍TMEM16A在呼吸道黏膜上皮的表达和功能的研究进展。展开更多
文摘Acute infections cause local and systemic disorders which can lead in the most severe forms to multi-organ failure and eventually to death. The host response to infection encompasses a large spectrum of reactions with a concomitant activation of the so-called inflammatory response aimed at fighting the infectious agent and removing damaged tissues or cells, and the anti-inflammatory response aimed at controlling inflammation and initiating the healing process. Fine-tuning at the local and systemic levels is key to preventing local and remote injury due to immune system activation. Thus, during bacterial sepsis and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), concomitant systemic and compartmentalized pro-inflammatory and compensatory anti-inflammatory responses are occurring. Immune cells (e.g., macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and T-lymphocytes), as well as endothelial cells, differ from one compartment to another and contribute to specific organ responses to sterile and microbial insult. Furthermore, tissue-specific microbiota influences the local and systemic response. A better understanding of the tissue-specific immune status, the organ immunity crosstalk, and the role of specific mediators during sepsis and COVID-19 can foster the development of more accurate biomarkers for better diagnosis and prognosis and help to define appropriate host-targeted treatments and vaccines in the context of precision medicine.
文摘黏液过度分泌是变应性鼻炎、慢性鼻-鼻窦炎、哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病和囊性纤维化等呼吸道炎性疾病的重要特征。杯状细胞化生、黏液纤毛清除功能障碍是导致鼻腔及呼吸道黏液积聚的重要病理改变。新近研究发现，钙激活氯离子通道（calcium—activated chloride channels，CaCCs）的分子结构跨膜蛋白16A（transmembrane protein 16A，TMEM16A）与黏液分泌调控有关，不仅表现在介导电解质跨上皮转运及水合作用，还参与黏液中黏蛋白5AC的分泌调节。本文介绍TMEM16A在呼吸道黏膜上皮的表达和功能的研究进展。
