In plants,high disease resistance often results in a reduction of yield.Therefore,breeding crops with balanced yield and disease resistance has become a major challenge.Recently,microRNA(miRNA)-mediated R gene turnove...In plants,high disease resistance often results in a reduction of yield.Therefore,breeding crops with balanced yield and disease resistance has become a major challenge.Recently,microRNA(miRNA)-mediated R gene turnover has been shown to be a protective mechanism used by plants to prevent autoimmunity in the absence of pathogens.However,whether these miRNAs play a role in plant growth and how miRNA-mediated R gene turnover responds to pathogen infection have rarely been explored.Here,we found that a Brassica miRNA,miR1885,targets both an immune receptor gene and a development-related gene for negative regulation through distinct modes of action.MiR1885 directly silences the TIR-NBS-LRR class of R gene BraTNL1 but represses the expression of the photosynthesis-related gene BraCP24 by targeting the Trans-Acting Silencing(TAS)gene BraTIR1 for trans-acting small interfering RNAs(tasiRNAs)-mediated silencing.We found that,under natural conditions,miR1885 was kept at low levels to maintain normal development and basal immunity but peaked during the floral transition to promote flowering.Interestingly,upon Turnip mosaic virus(TuMV)infection,miR1885-dependent trans-acting silencing of BraCP24 was enhanced to speed up the floral transition,whereas miR1885-mediated R gene turnover was overcome by TuMV-induced BraTNL1 expression,reflecting precise regulation of the arms race between plants and pathogens.Collectively,our results demonstrate that a single Brassica miRNA dynamically regulates both innate immunity and plant growth and responds to viral infection,revealing that Brassica plants have developed a sophisticated mechanism in modulating the interplay between growth,immunity,and pathogen infection.展开更多
Alternative splicing is critical for human gene expression regulation,which plays a determined role in expanding the diversity of functional proteins.Importantly,alternative splicing is a hallmark of cancer and a pote...Alternative splicing is critical for human gene expression regulation,which plays a determined role in expanding the diversity of functional proteins.Importantly,alternative splicing is a hallmark of cancer and a potential target for cancer therapeutics.Based on the statistical data,breast cancer is one of the top leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide.Strikingly,alternative splicing is closely associated with breast cancer development.Here,we seek to provide a general review of the relationship between alternative splicing and breast cancer.We introduce the process of alternative splicing and its regulatory role in cancers.In addition,we highlight the functions of aberrant alternative splicing and mutations of splicing factors in breast cancer progression.Moreover,we discuss the role of alternative splicing in cancer drug resistance and the potential of being targets for cancer therapeutics.展开更多
Lesion mmic mutants(LMMs)are plants that spontaneously form lesions without pathogeninfection or external stimulus and exhibit resistance to pathogens.Here,a rice LMM was created by ethylmethane sulfonate mutagenesis,...Lesion mmic mutants(LMMs)are plants that spontaneously form lesions without pathogeninfection or external stimulus and exhibit resistance to pathogens.Here,a rice LMM was created by ethylmethane sulfonate mutagenesis,named as hpil(hydrogen peroxide induced lesion).Diaminobenzidineand trypan blue staining showed that large amounts of H_(2)O_(2) were produced and cell death was occurredat and around the parts of lesion mimic in the rice leaves.The phenotype of hpil is controlled by a singlerecessive gene,localized at a 2 Mb interval on chromosome 2.The data suggested that hpil is a novelLMM with enhanced bacterial and fungal disease resistance,and multiple pathogenesis-related proteins(PRs)were up-regulated.The proteomes of leaves at three positions(different degrees of lesion mimicseverity)were characterized in hpil compared with its wild type plant.Differentially expressed proteinswere detected by two dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and 274 proteins were identified byMALDITOF/TOFTM.These proteins were related to metabolic process,cellular process and response tostimulus,with mostly down-regulated in hpil leaves.Many of these proteins were related to the Calvincycle,photosynthetic electron transport chain,glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and phosphonates pathways.Some resistance-related proteins including 14-3-3 proteins,OsPR10 and antioxidases such asperoxidase,superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase were up-regulated in leaves with lesionmimic.These results provide the foundation for cloning of the target gene and shed light on themechanism involved in autaimmunity of rice.展开更多
Membrane/solution interface consists of a neutral concentration polai layer(CPL) and a charge layer(CL) under external electrical field, and the neutral CPL can be neglected under high frequency AC electrical field. T...Membrane/solution interface consists of a neutral concentration polai layer(CPL) and a charge layer(CL) under external electrical field, and the neutral CPL can be neglected under high frequency AC electrical field. The relationship of CL thickness e with electrolyte concentration C and fixed ion exchange sites density σ in membrane surface layer can be expressed as e展开更多
Concerns over widespread use of insecticides and heightened insect pest virulence under climate change continue to fuel the need for environmentally safe and sustainable control strategies. However, to develop such st...Concerns over widespread use of insecticides and heightened insect pest virulence under climate change continue to fuel the need for environmentally safe and sustainable control strategies. However, to develop such strategies, a better understanding of the molecular basis of plant-pest interactions is still needed. Despite decades of research investigating plant-insect interactions, few examples exist where underlying molecular mechanisms are well characterized, and even rarer are cases where this knowledge has been successfully applied to manage harmful agricultural pests. Consequently, the field appears to be static, urgently needing shifts in approaches to identify novel mechanisms by which insects colonize plants and plants avoid insect pressure. In this perspective, we outline necessary steps for advancing holistic methodologies that capture complex plant-insect molecular interactions. We highlight novel and underexploited approaches in plant-insect interaction research as essential routes to translate knowledge of underlying molecular mechanisms into durable pest control strategies, including embracing microbial partnerships, identifying what makes a plant an unsuitable host, capitalizing on tolerance of insect damage, and learning from cases where crop domestication and agronomic practices enhance pest virulence.展开更多
I have read the present research report w让h great interest.This study attempted to explore the differences in sepsis caused by viral and bacterial infections by comparing the clinical features and prognosis of severe...I have read the present research report w让h great interest.This study attempted to explore the differences in sepsis caused by viral and bacterial infections by comparing the clinical features and prognosis of severe COVID-19 and carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumonia(CrKP).It is found that respiratory failure and immune suppression are more severe in COVID-19 cases,but systemic inflammatory responses and other systemic organ damages are less severe.Most COVID-19 sepsis is able to achieve a good prognosis.This study provides a rare opportunity for the understanding of sepsis caused by severe COVID-19.In this regard,1 would like to offer my views on some of the issues raised in the study.展开更多
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,China(XDB27040203)by the National Science Foundation of China,China(no.31570155)The work was also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(no.31970157 to Y.-Y.F.and no.31730078 to H.-S.G.).
文摘In plants,high disease resistance often results in a reduction of yield.Therefore,breeding crops with balanced yield and disease resistance has become a major challenge.Recently,microRNA(miRNA)-mediated R gene turnover has been shown to be a protective mechanism used by plants to prevent autoimmunity in the absence of pathogens.However,whether these miRNAs play a role in plant growth and how miRNA-mediated R gene turnover responds to pathogen infection have rarely been explored.Here,we found that a Brassica miRNA,miR1885,targets both an immune receptor gene and a development-related gene for negative regulation through distinct modes of action.MiR1885 directly silences the TIR-NBS-LRR class of R gene BraTNL1 but represses the expression of the photosynthesis-related gene BraCP24 by targeting the Trans-Acting Silencing(TAS)gene BraTIR1 for trans-acting small interfering RNAs(tasiRNAs)-mediated silencing.We found that,under natural conditions,miR1885 was kept at low levels to maintain normal development and basal immunity but peaked during the floral transition to promote flowering.Interestingly,upon Turnip mosaic virus(TuMV)infection,miR1885-dependent trans-acting silencing of BraCP24 was enhanced to speed up the floral transition,whereas miR1885-mediated R gene turnover was overcome by TuMV-induced BraTNL1 expression,reflecting precise regulation of the arms race between plants and pathogens.Collectively,our results demonstrate that a single Brassica miRNA dynamically regulates both innate immunity and plant growth and responds to viral infection,revealing that Brassica plants have developed a sophisticated mechanism in modulating the interplay between growth,immunity,and pathogen infection.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81830088,81422038,91540110,and31471235 to Y.W.,81872247 and 31400726 to W.Z.)the Department of Science and Tech no logy of Dalian City(‘Dalia n Supports High Level Talents Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program’2016RJ02 to Y.W.).
文摘Alternative splicing is critical for human gene expression regulation,which plays a determined role in expanding the diversity of functional proteins.Importantly,alternative splicing is a hallmark of cancer and a potential target for cancer therapeutics.Based on the statistical data,breast cancer is one of the top leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide.Strikingly,alternative splicing is closely associated with breast cancer development.Here,we seek to provide a general review of the relationship between alternative splicing and breast cancer.We introduce the process of alternative splicing and its regulatory role in cancers.In addition,we highlight the functions of aberrant alternative splicing and mutations of splicing factors in breast cancer progression.Moreover,we discuss the role of alternative splicing in cancer drug resistance and the potential of being targets for cancer therapeutics.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Plan(Grant No.2019C02006)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2016YFD0200804 and 2016YFD0100601-15)+2 种基金the Key Program of Zhejiang Provincial Foundation for Natural Science(Grant No.LZ16C130002)the Zhejiang Fundamental Public Welfare Research Program(Grant No.LGN19C140008)the State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to Quality and Safety of Agro-products(Grant No.2010DS700124-ZZ1907).
文摘Lesion mmic mutants(LMMs)are plants that spontaneously form lesions without pathogeninfection or external stimulus and exhibit resistance to pathogens.Here,a rice LMM was created by ethylmethane sulfonate mutagenesis,named as hpil(hydrogen peroxide induced lesion).Diaminobenzidineand trypan blue staining showed that large amounts of H_(2)O_(2) were produced and cell death was occurredat and around the parts of lesion mimic in the rice leaves.The phenotype of hpil is controlled by a singlerecessive gene,localized at a 2 Mb interval on chromosome 2.The data suggested that hpil is a novelLMM with enhanced bacterial and fungal disease resistance,and multiple pathogenesis-related proteins(PRs)were up-regulated.The proteomes of leaves at three positions(different degrees of lesion mimicseverity)were characterized in hpil compared with its wild type plant.Differentially expressed proteinswere detected by two dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and 274 proteins were identified byMALDITOF/TOFTM.These proteins were related to metabolic process,cellular process and response tostimulus,with mostly down-regulated in hpil leaves.Many of these proteins were related to the Calvincycle,photosynthetic electron transport chain,glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and phosphonates pathways.Some resistance-related proteins including 14-3-3 proteins,OsPR10 and antioxidases such asperoxidase,superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase were up-regulated in leaves with lesionmimic.These results provide the foundation for cloning of the target gene and shed light on themechanism involved in autaimmunity of rice.
基金Project(02-09-01) supported by Panzhihua Iron and Steel Corporation,China
文摘Membrane/solution interface consists of a neutral concentration polai layer(CPL) and a charge layer(CL) under external electrical field, and the neutral CPL can be neglected under high frequency AC electrical field. The relationship of CL thickness e with electrolyte concentration C and fixed ion exchange sites density σ in membrane surface layer can be expressed as e
文摘Concerns over widespread use of insecticides and heightened insect pest virulence under climate change continue to fuel the need for environmentally safe and sustainable control strategies. However, to develop such strategies, a better understanding of the molecular basis of plant-pest interactions is still needed. Despite decades of research investigating plant-insect interactions, few examples exist where underlying molecular mechanisms are well characterized, and even rarer are cases where this knowledge has been successfully applied to manage harmful agricultural pests. Consequently, the field appears to be static, urgently needing shifts in approaches to identify novel mechanisms by which insects colonize plants and plants avoid insect pressure. In this perspective, we outline necessary steps for advancing holistic methodologies that capture complex plant-insect molecular interactions. We highlight novel and underexploited approaches in plant-insect interaction research as essential routes to translate knowledge of underlying molecular mechanisms into durable pest control strategies, including embracing microbial partnerships, identifying what makes a plant an unsuitable host, capitalizing on tolerance of insect damage, and learning from cases where crop domestication and agronomic practices enhance pest virulence.
文摘I have read the present research report w让h great interest.This study attempted to explore the differences in sepsis caused by viral and bacterial infections by comparing the clinical features and prognosis of severe COVID-19 and carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumonia(CrKP).It is found that respiratory failure and immune suppression are more severe in COVID-19 cases,but systemic inflammatory responses and other systemic organ damages are less severe.Most COVID-19 sepsis is able to achieve a good prognosis.This study provides a rare opportunity for the understanding of sepsis caused by severe COVID-19.In this regard,1 would like to offer my views on some of the issues raised in the study.
