Alzheimer’s disease （AD） is an increasingly pressing worldwide public-health, social, political and economic concern. Despite significant investment in multiple traditional therapeutic strategies that have achieved...Alzheimer’s disease （AD） is an increasingly pressing worldwide public-health, social, political and economic concern. Despite significant investment in multiple traditional therapeutic strategies that have achieved success in preclinical models addressing the pathological hallmarks of the disease, these efforts have not translated into any effective disease-modifying therapies. This could be because interventions are being tested too late in the disease process. While existing therapies provide symptomatic and clinical benefit, they do not fully address the molecular abnormalities that occur in AD neurons. The pathophysiology of AD is complex; mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits and brain hypometabolism coupled with increased mitochondrial oxidative stress are antecedent and potentially play a causal role in the disease pathogenesis. Dysfunctional mitochondria accumulate from the combination of impaired mitophagy, which can also induce injurious inflammatory responses, and inadequate neuronal mitochondrial biogenesis. Altering the metabolic capacity of the brain by modulating/potentiating its mitochondrial bioenergetics may be a strategy for disease prevention and treatment. We present insights into the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD brain as well as an overview of emerging treatments with the potential to prevent, delay or reverse the neurodegenerative process by targeting mitochondria.展开更多
Despite relative effectiveness of current hepatitis B therapies,there is still no curative agents available.The new emerging approaches hold promise to achieve cure and loss of hepatitis B surface antigen.Studies or c...Despite relative effectiveness of current hepatitis B therapies,there is still no curative agents available.The new emerging approaches hold promise to achieve cure and loss of hepatitis B surface antigen.Studies or clinical trials investigating new therapies remain small and either focus on patients with low viral load and without hepatotoxic injury or patients with hepatitis D co-infection,which makes it challenging to assess their effectiveness and side effect profile in hepatitis B population.展开更多
The system of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)and CRISPR-associated endonucleases(Cas)have been widely used in gene editing,disease treatment,molecular diagnosis and chromosome imaging...The system of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)and CRISPR-associated endonucleases(Cas)have been widely used in gene editing,disease treatment,molecular diagnosis and chromosome imaging.On account of the programmable target recognition of CRISPR-Cas system and the specific targeting function toward RNA of type Ⅵ class Ⅱ Cas proteins,CRISPR-Cas system has been deployed as RNA recognition and detection tools,exhibiting promising application potentials in the field of RNA detection and imaging.In this review,we summarize the latest research progresses as well as development prospects of CRISPR-Cas system in RNA diagnosis and live cell RNA imaging.展开更多
白念珠菌(Candida albicans)是侵袭性真菌感染的主要致病性病原体。抗菌肽AMP-17有较强的抗念珠菌活性,经AMP-17作用白念珠菌后的蛋白组学结果显示,细胞壁(XOG1)和氧化应激(SRR1)蛋白基因表达差异显著,提示AMP-17可能通过影响XOG1和SRR...白念珠菌(Candida albicans)是侵袭性真菌感染的主要致病性病原体。抗菌肽AMP-17有较强的抗念珠菌活性,经AMP-17作用白念珠菌后的蛋白组学结果显示,细胞壁(XOG1)和氧化应激(SRR1)蛋白基因表达差异显著,提示AMP-17可能通过影响XOG1和SRR1基因发挥其抗白念珠菌作用。为进一步探究XOG1和SRR1基因是否为AMP-17的作用靶点,本研究利用规律成簇间隔短回文重复序列相关蛋白9(clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9,CRISPR/Cas9)系统构建了白念珠菌xog1Δ/Δ和srr1Δ/Δ缺失菌;表型观察结果发现除XOG1基因缺失可影响白念珠菌的体外应激和菌丝形成,2个基因缺失对白念珠菌生长繁殖和生物膜形成无明显影响;药敏实验分析显示AMP-17对xog1Δ/Δ和srr1Δ/Δ缺失菌的MIC80值从野生菌的8μg/mL增至16μg/mL,而对srr1Δ/Δ::srr1回补菌的MIC80值降至野生菌水平。此外,AMP-17抑制2株缺失菌生物膜形成的能力均较野生菌明显降低,表明缺失菌在酵母态及生物膜形成过程中对AMP-17的敏感性均降低,提示XOG1和SRR1基因可能是AMP-17发挥抗白念珠菌的潜在靶点。本研究结果为进一步探讨新型肽类抗真菌药物的抗菌机制提供了一定的实验依据和基础。展开更多
文摘Alzheimer’s disease （AD） is an increasingly pressing worldwide public-health, social, political and economic concern. Despite significant investment in multiple traditional therapeutic strategies that have achieved success in preclinical models addressing the pathological hallmarks of the disease, these efforts have not translated into any effective disease-modifying therapies. This could be because interventions are being tested too late in the disease process. While existing therapies provide symptomatic and clinical benefit, they do not fully address the molecular abnormalities that occur in AD neurons. The pathophysiology of AD is complex; mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits and brain hypometabolism coupled with increased mitochondrial oxidative stress are antecedent and potentially play a causal role in the disease pathogenesis. Dysfunctional mitochondria accumulate from the combination of impaired mitophagy, which can also induce injurious inflammatory responses, and inadequate neuronal mitochondrial biogenesis. Altering the metabolic capacity of the brain by modulating/potentiating its mitochondrial bioenergetics may be a strategy for disease prevention and treatment. We present insights into the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD brain as well as an overview of emerging treatments with the potential to prevent, delay or reverse the neurodegenerative process by targeting mitochondria.
文摘Despite relative effectiveness of current hepatitis B therapies,there is still no curative agents available.The new emerging approaches hold promise to achieve cure and loss of hepatitis B surface antigen.Studies or clinical trials investigating new therapies remain small and either focus on patients with low viral load and without hepatotoxic injury or patients with hepatitis D co-infection,which makes it challenging to assess their effectiveness and side effect profile in hepatitis B population.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21725503,21575038)the Young Top-notch Talent for Ten Thousand Talent Program of China.
文摘The system of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)and CRISPR-associated endonucleases(Cas)have been widely used in gene editing,disease treatment,molecular diagnosis and chromosome imaging.On account of the programmable target recognition of CRISPR-Cas system and the specific targeting function toward RNA of type Ⅵ class Ⅱ Cas proteins,CRISPR-Cas system has been deployed as RNA recognition and detection tools,exhibiting promising application potentials in the field of RNA detection and imaging.In this review,we summarize the latest research progresses as well as development prospects of CRISPR-Cas system in RNA diagnosis and live cell RNA imaging.
文摘重组酶聚合酶扩增(recombinase polymerase amplification,RPA)可以在恒温条件下高效扩增靶标序列以快速达到可以检测的水平,具有检测灵敏度高、检测速度快和设备依赖程度低等优点,是应用较广泛的恒温扩增技术之一。然而,RPA的非特异扩增会导致假阳性等问题。成簇的规律间隔短回文重复序列相关蛋白12a(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/associated protein 12a,CRISPR/Cas12a)具有特异性酶切靶标双链功能,并且其最适温度与RPA反应温度相近。近年来,研究者将RPA与CRISPR/Cas12a联合对目的基因进行双重特异性识别,极大地提高了检测特异性,同时也进一步提升了检测的灵敏度,展示出检测特异性强、灵敏度高、适用范围广和操作简单等诸多优点,尤其在病原微生物检测方面展示出较大的应用前景。本文就RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a的技术原理、产物检测策略和在病原微生物检测等方面的研究进展进行综述,以期为RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a进一步开发、利用以及在病原微生物检测方面的应用提供借鉴。
文摘白念珠菌(Candida albicans)是侵袭性真菌感染的主要致病性病原体。抗菌肽AMP-17有较强的抗念珠菌活性,经AMP-17作用白念珠菌后的蛋白组学结果显示,细胞壁(XOG1)和氧化应激(SRR1)蛋白基因表达差异显著,提示AMP-17可能通过影响XOG1和SRR1基因发挥其抗白念珠菌作用。为进一步探究XOG1和SRR1基因是否为AMP-17的作用靶点,本研究利用规律成簇间隔短回文重复序列相关蛋白9(clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9,CRISPR/Cas9)系统构建了白念珠菌xog1Δ/Δ和srr1Δ/Δ缺失菌;表型观察结果发现除XOG1基因缺失可影响白念珠菌的体外应激和菌丝形成,2个基因缺失对白念珠菌生长繁殖和生物膜形成无明显影响;药敏实验分析显示AMP-17对xog1Δ/Δ和srr1Δ/Δ缺失菌的MIC80值从野生菌的8μg/mL增至16μg/mL,而对srr1Δ/Δ::srr1回补菌的MIC80值降至野生菌水平。此外,AMP-17抑制2株缺失菌生物膜形成的能力均较野生菌明显降低,表明缺失菌在酵母态及生物膜形成过程中对AMP-17的敏感性均降低,提示XOG1和SRR1基因可能是AMP-17发挥抗白念珠菌的潜在靶点。本研究结果为进一步探讨新型肽类抗真菌药物的抗菌机制提供了一定的实验依据和基础。
