Nowadays buildings contain innovative materials,materials from local resources,production surpluses and rapidly renewable natural resources.Phase Change Materials(PCM)are one such group of novel materials which reduce...Nowadays buildings contain innovative materials,materials from local resources,production surpluses and rapidly renewable natural resources.Phase Change Materials(PCM)are one such group of novel materials which reduce building energy consumption.With the wider availability of microencapsulated PCM,there is an opportunity to develop a new type of insulating materials,combinate PCM with traditional insulation materials for latent heat energy storage.These materials are typically flammable and are located on the interior wall finishing yet there has been no detailed assessment of their fire performance.In this research work prototypes of low-density insulating boards for indoor spaces from hemp shives using carbamide resin binder and cold pressing were studied.Bench-scale cone calorimeter tests were conducted to evaluate fire risk,with a focus on assessing material flammability properties and the influence of PCM on the results.In this research,the amount of smoke,heat release rate,effective heat of combustion,specific extinction coefficient,mass loss,carbon dioxide yield,specific loss factor,ignition time of hemp straws samples and samples of hemp straws with 10%and without PCM admixture were compared.There is a risk of flammability for PCM and their fire reaction has not been evaluated when incorporating PCM into interior wall finishing boards.The obtained results can be used by designers to balance the potential energy savings of using PCM with a more complete understanding and predictability of the associated fire risk when using the proposed boards.It also allows for appropriate risk mitigation strategies.展开更多
We take an adaptive leaky integrate-and-fire neuron model to explore the effect of non-Poisson neurotransmitter on stochastic resonance and its signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)gain.Event triggered algorithm is adopted to sp...We take an adaptive leaky integrate-and-fire neuron model to explore the effect of non-Poisson neurotransmitter on stochastic resonance and its signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)gain.Event triggered algorithm is adopted to speed up the simulating process.It is revealed that both the output SNR and the SNR gain can be monotonically improved when increasing the shape parameter for Gamma distribution.Particularly,for large signal coupling strength,the 1:1 stochastic phase locking induced by Gamma noise is responsible for the frequency matching stochastic resonance,and the output signal-to-noise ratio can surpass the input signal-to-noise ratio,which is significantly different with Poisson case,while for extremely weak signal coupling strength,the SNR gain peak,which is far larger than unity,is due to noise induced resonance.The observations are meaningful in understanding the neural processing mechanisms from a more realistic viewpoint of synaptic modeling.展开更多
基金supported by the European Regional Development Fund Postdoctoral Research Support“Structures and Technology Development of Smart Insulation Materials for Indoor Microclimate Regulation”1.1.1.2/VIAA/1/16/152the European Social Fund within the Project“Development of the Academic Personnel of Riga Technical University in the Strategic Fields of Specialization”Nr.8.2.2.0/18/A/017.
文摘Nowadays buildings contain innovative materials,materials from local resources,production surpluses and rapidly renewable natural resources.Phase Change Materials(PCM)are one such group of novel materials which reduce building energy consumption.With the wider availability of microencapsulated PCM,there is an opportunity to develop a new type of insulating materials,combinate PCM with traditional insulation materials for latent heat energy storage.These materials are typically flammable and are located on the interior wall finishing yet there has been no detailed assessment of their fire performance.In this research work prototypes of low-density insulating boards for indoor spaces from hemp shives using carbamide resin binder and cold pressing were studied.Bench-scale cone calorimeter tests were conducted to evaluate fire risk,with a focus on assessing material flammability properties and the influence of PCM on the results.In this research,the amount of smoke,heat release rate,effective heat of combustion,specific extinction coefficient,mass loss,carbon dioxide yield,specific loss factor,ignition time of hemp straws samples and samples of hemp straws with 10%and without PCM admixture were compared.There is a risk of flammability for PCM and their fire reaction has not been evaluated when incorporating PCM into interior wall finishing boards.The obtained results can be used by designers to balance the potential energy savings of using PCM with a more complete understanding and predictability of the associated fire risk when using the proposed boards.It also allows for appropriate risk mitigation strategies.
基金the Non Poisson Modeling of Neuron Synaptic Input and Critical Dynamics for Cortical Networks(Grant No.11772241).
文摘We take an adaptive leaky integrate-and-fire neuron model to explore the effect of non-Poisson neurotransmitter on stochastic resonance and its signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)gain.Event triggered algorithm is adopted to speed up the simulating process.It is revealed that both the output SNR and the SNR gain can be monotonically improved when increasing the shape parameter for Gamma distribution.Particularly,for large signal coupling strength,the 1:1 stochastic phase locking induced by Gamma noise is responsible for the frequency matching stochastic resonance,and the output signal-to-noise ratio can surpass the input signal-to-noise ratio,which is significantly different with Poisson case,while for extremely weak signal coupling strength,the SNR gain peak,which is far larger than unity,is due to noise induced resonance.The observations are meaningful in understanding the neural processing mechanisms from a more realistic viewpoint of synaptic modeling.
