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什么是量子力学? 被引量:3
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作者 曹则贤 《物理》 CAS 北大核心 2020年第2期91-100,共10页
1900~1928年间是物理学史上最激动人心的时代,一群天才,主要是年轻人,在不到三十年的时间里构造了崭新的量子力学体系,从而改变了物理学的面貌,也彻底地改变了人类社会的面貌。本文将系统地解释什么是量子(quantum)、什么是力学(mechani... 1900~1928年间是物理学史上最激动人心的时代,一群天才,主要是年轻人,在不到三十年的时间里构造了崭新的量子力学体系,从而改变了物理学的面貌,也彻底地改变了人类社会的面貌。本文将系统地解释什么是量子(quantum)、什么是力学(mechanics),在对量子力学创建过程的回顾中讲述构成量子力学的具体内容,然后会介绍几例量子力学带来的新技术。量子力学从来都不是什么革命,它只是经典物理学自然的、逻辑的延续。量子力学一如物理学的其它分支,都是人类思想智慧的结晶。量子力学,还有相对论,这些百多年前的头脑风暴,今天应该成为受教育者的知识标配。 展开更多
关键词 (能量、作用量、相空间)量子 量子化 黑体辐射 光谱线 玻尔模型 跃迁 量子化条件 矩阵力学 波动力学 波函数 量子数 自旋 群论 相对论量子力学 反粒子
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Hamilton-Jacobi and Lagrange Formulations of Relativistic Quantum Mechanics Wave Equations with Solutions with Only-Positive and Only-Negative Kinetic Energies
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作者 Luis Grave de Peralta Arquímedes Ruiz-Columbie 《Journal of Modern Physics》 2022年第4期432-441,共10页
Using the Hamilton-Jacobi and the Lagrange formalisms, a pair of relativistic quantum mechanics equations are obtained by abduction. These equations, in contrast with the Klein-Gordon and other relativistic quantum me... Using the Hamilton-Jacobi and the Lagrange formalisms, a pair of relativistic quantum mechanics equations are obtained by abduction. These equations, in contrast with the Klein-Gordon and other relativistic quantum mechanics equations, have no solutions with both positive and negative kinetic energies. The equation with solutions with only positive kinetic energy values describes a spin-0 particle of mass m, which is moving at relativistic speeds in a scalar potential. The wavefunctions and the energies corresponding to the associated antiparticle can be obtained by solving the other equation, which only has solutions with negative kinetic energy values. 展开更多
关键词 quantum mechanics relativistic quantum mechanics
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A Notable Quasi-Relativistic Wave Equation and Its Relation to the Schrödinger, Klein-Gordon, and Dirac Equations 被引量:1
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作者 Luis Grave de Peralta Hira Farooq 《Journal of Modern Physics》 2021年第8期1145-1159,共15页
An intriguing quasi-relativistic wave equation, which is useful between the range of applications of the Schr<span style="white-space:nowrap;">&ouml;</span>dinger and the Klein-Gordon equatio... An intriguing quasi-relativistic wave equation, which is useful between the range of applications of the Schr<span style="white-space:nowrap;">&ouml;</span>dinger and the Klein-Gordon equations, is discussed. This equation allows for a quantum description of a constant number of spin-0 particles moving at quasi-relativistic energies. It is shown how to obtain a Pauli-like version of this equation from the Dirac equation. This Pauli-like quasi-relativistic wave equation allows for a quantum description of a constant number of spin-1/2 particles moving at quasi-relativistic energies and interacting with an external electromagnetic field. In addition, it was found an excellent agreement between the energies of the electron in heavy Hydrogen-like atoms obtained using the Dirac equation, and the energies calculated using a perturbation approach based on the quasi-relativistic wave equation. Finally, it is argued that the notable quasi-relativistic wave equation discussed in this work provides interesting pedagogical opportunities for a fresh approach to the introduction to relativistic effects in introductory quantum mechanics courses. 展开更多
关键词 quantum mechanics Schrödinger Equation Klein-Gordon Equation Dirac Equation relativistic quantum mechanics
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Guidelines to Quantum Field Interactions in Vacuum
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作者 Frédéric Schuller Michael Neumann-Spallart Renaud Savalle 《Journal of Modern Physics》 2017年第3期382-424,共43页
In this treatise we stress the analogy between strongly interacting many-body systems and elementary particle physics in the context of Quantum Field Theory (QFT). The common denominator between these two branches of ... In this treatise we stress the analogy between strongly interacting many-body systems and elementary particle physics in the context of Quantum Field Theory (QFT). The common denominator between these two branches of theoretical physics is the Green’s function or propagator, which is the key for solving specific problems. Here we are concentrating on the vacuum, its excitations and its interaction with electron and photon fields. 展开更多
关键词 quantum VACUUM quantum ELECTRODYNAMICS quantum Field Theory relativistic quantum mechanics FEYNMAN DIAGRAMS
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Direct Relativistic Extension of the Madelung-de-Broglie-Bohm Reformulations of Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Hydrodynamics
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作者 Arquimedes Ruiz-Columbié Hira Farooq Luis Grave de Peralta 《Journal of Modern Physics》 2021年第10期1418-1434,共17页
The basic equations of the non-relativistic quantum mechanics with trajectories and quantum hydrodynamics are extended to the relativistic domain. This is achieved by using a Schr<span style="white-space:nowra... The basic equations of the non-relativistic quantum mechanics with trajectories and quantum hydrodynamics are extended to the relativistic domain. This is achieved by using a Schr<span style="white-space:nowrap;">?</span>dinger-like equation, which describes a particle with mass and spin-0 and with the correct relativistic relation between its linear momentum and kinetic energy. Some simple but instructive free particle examples are discussed. 展开更多
关键词 quantum mechanics Bohm quantum mechanics quantum Hydrodynamics relativistic quantum mechanics
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Quasi-Relativistic Description of Hydrogen-Like Atoms
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作者 Luis Grave de Peralta 《Journal of Modern Physics》 2020年第6期788-802,共15页
Using a novel wave equation, which is Galileo invariant but can give precise results up to energies<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style=&... Using a novel wave equation, which is Galileo invariant but can give precise results up to energies<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> as high as </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mc</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>2</sup></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, exact quasi-relativistic quantum mechanical solutions are found for the Hydrogen atom. It is shown that the exact solutions of the Grave de Peralta equation include the relativistic correction to the non-relativistic kinetic energies calculated using the Schr</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="line-height:102%;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&ouml;</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">dinger equation.</span></span></span> 展开更多
关键词 quantum mechanics Schrödinger Equation relativistic quantum mechanics Klein-Gordon Equation Hydrogen Atom
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相对论量子力学和暗物质及负物质 被引量:3
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作者 张一方 《吉首大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS 2014年第2期41-47,共7页
介绍暗物质和暗能量,指出相对论量子力学必然存在正负能,并由此引入负物质(负物质可以作为最简单的暗物质),提出量子场论中暗物质的可能表示.讨论宇宙和负物质,并对相关问题进行研究.
关键词 暗物质 暗能量 负物质 相对论量子力学 宇宙 量子场论
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About the Observed Asymmetry between Matter and Antimatter
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作者 Luis Grave de Peralta 《Journal of Modern Physics》 CAS 2022年第7期1099-1116,共18页
Some consequences, due to the existence of a pair of decoupled Schr&#246;dinger-like but relativistic quantum mechanics wave equations, are explored. It is shown that one equation directly describes the quantum st... Some consequences, due to the existence of a pair of decoupled Schr&#246;dinger-like but relativistic quantum mechanics wave equations, are explored. It is shown that one equation directly describes the quantum states of a single spin-0 particle, and the other one indirectly describes the quantum states of the corresponding antiparticle. In correspondence with the matter-antimatter symmetry, for a Coulomb potential, a charge conjugation operation transforms the second equation in the first one. However, if a particle could interact with itself (gravitationally or electrically) due to the spread of its wavefunction, the C-symmetry could be broken;therefore, matter and antimatter could be distinguished. Under these assumptions, it is deducted the impossibility of the existence of particles and antiparticles with a mass larger than the Plank mass (m<sub>P</sub>), or with the absolute value of the charge larger than the Plank charge (q<sub>P</sub>). It is proposed the existence of primordial antimatter electrical sinks. It is also suggested that all macroscopic matter objects with a mass m > m<sub>P</sub>, and all macroscopic antimatter bodies with a charge |q| > q<sub>P</sub> should not be quantum but classical objects. It is argued that these findings could explain the absence of antimatter with a complicated structure and partially explain the excess of charged matter in the known Universe. 展开更多
关键词 relativistic quantum mechanics ANTIMATTER Primordial Black Holes
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Reformulation of Relativistic Quantum Mechanics Equations with Non-Commutative Sedeons 被引量:1
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作者 Victor L. Mironov Sergey V. Mironov 《Applied Mathematics》 2013年第10期53-60,共8页
We present sixteen-component values “sedeons”, generating associative non-commutative space-time algebra. The generalized relativistic wave equations based on sedeonic wave function and space-time operators are prop... We present sixteen-component values “sedeons”, generating associative non-commutative space-time algebra. The generalized relativistic wave equations based on sedeonic wave function and space-time operators are proposed. We demonstrate that sedeonic second-order wave equation for massive field can be reformulated as the quasi-classical equation for the potentials of the field or in equivalent form as the Maxwell-like equations for the field intensities. The sedeonic first-order Dirac-like equations for massive and massless fields are also discussed. 展开更多
关键词 CLIFFORD Algebra Sedeons relativistic quantum mechanics Sedeonic KLEIN-GORDON and DIRAC EQUATIONS
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相对论量子化学的现状与未来
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作者 刘文剑 《中国科学:化学》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2020年第11期1672-1696,共25页
本文围绕量子力学方程HΨ=EΨ的三个要素,即决定何种物理问题的哈密顿量H、描述电子分布状态的波函数Ψ以及相应的能量/可观测量E[H,Ψ],系统总结了相对论量子化学中的基本概念、原理、理论和方法,并展望了未来的发展方向.
关键词 相对论量子力学 量子电动力学 相对论量子化学 强关联 相对论性质
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相对论量子力学方程的求解新方案 被引量:2
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作者 刘雅超 黎明 《武汉工程大学学报》 CAS 2010年第7期107-110,共4页
在相对论量子力学中引入了正反粒子指标的新概念,给出求解相对论量子力学方程的新方案.用新方案重新求解狄拉克(Dirac)方程,消除了与负能量相关的困难.得到了与量子场论一致的自由正反旋量粒子波函数.最后重新定义了反粒子的能量和动量... 在相对论量子力学中引入了正反粒子指标的新概念,给出求解相对论量子力学方程的新方案.用新方案重新求解狄拉克(Dirac)方程,消除了与负能量相关的困难.得到了与量子场论一致的自由正反旋量粒子波函数.最后重新定义了反粒子的能量和动量算符. 展开更多
关键词 正反粒子指标 相对论量子力学 负能量 负能解
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相对论量子力学的新形式(一) 被引量:2
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作者 朱振和 《中央民族大学学报(自然科学版)》 1998年第1期64-71,共8页
在修正的德布罗意关系的基础上,给出相对论量子力学的新的表述形式.给出自由粒子的及在电磁场中带电粒子的修正的克莱因—高登方程.求解了中心力场中带电粒子的修正的克莱因—高登方程,其结果与原来的结果一样.给出并求解了自由粒... 在修正的德布罗意关系的基础上,给出相对论量子力学的新的表述形式.给出自由粒子的及在电磁场中带电粒子的修正的克莱因—高登方程.求解了中心力场中带电粒子的修正的克莱因—高登方程,其结果与原来的结果一样.给出并求解了自由粒子的修正的狄拉克方程,其结果也与原来的结果一样. 展开更多
关键词 德布罗意关系 相对论量子力学 克莱因—高登方程 狄拉克方程
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Associative Space-Time Sedenions and Their Application in Relativistic Quantum Mechanics and Field Theory
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作者 Victor L. Mironov Sergey V. Mironov 《Applied Mathematics》 2015年第1期46-56,共11页
We present an alternative sixteen-component hypercomplex scalar-vector values named “space-time sedenions”, generating associative noncommutative space-time Clifford algebra. The generalization of relativistic quant... We present an alternative sixteen-component hypercomplex scalar-vector values named “space-time sedenions”, generating associative noncommutative space-time Clifford algebra. The generalization of relativistic quantum mechanics and field theory equations based on sedenionic wave function and space-time operators is discussed. 展开更多
关键词 CLIFFORD Algebra SPACE-TIME Sedenions relativistic quantum mechanics Sedenionic KLEIN-GORDON EQUATION Sedenionic Dirac EQUATION Sedenionic Maxwell Equiations
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A study of transverse charge density of pions in relativistic quantum mechanics
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作者 董宇兵 王翼展 《Chinese Physics C》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2011年第8期713-716,共4页
The transverse charge density of pions is calculated based on relativistic quantum mechanics, where the pion is regarded as a quark-antiquark bound state. Corrections from the two spin-1/2 constituents and from the wa... The transverse charge density of pions is calculated based on relativistic quantum mechanics, where the pion is regarded as a quark-antiquark bound state. Corrections from the two spin-1/2 constituents and from the wave function of a quark and antiquark inside the bound system are discussed. The calculated results are compared to the results with a realistic effective Lagrangian approach as well as to that with a simple covariant model where the pion is regarded as a composite system with two scalar particles. 展开更多
关键词 transverse charge density PION compositeness condition relativistic quantum mechanics
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From Space-Time Quantization to Dark Matter
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作者 Auguste Meessen 《Journal of Modern Physics》 2017年第1期35-56,共22页
We generalize relativistic quantum mechanics and the Standard Model of elementary particle physics by considering a finite limit for the smallest measurable length. The resulting theory of Space-Time Quantization is l... We generalize relativistic quantum mechanics and the Standard Model of elementary particle physics by considering a finite limit for the smallest measurable length. The resulting theory of Space-Time Quantization is logically consistent and accounts for all possible particle states by means of four new quantum numbers. They specify possible variations of wave functions at the smallest possible scale in space and time, while states of motion are defined by their large-scale variations. This theory also provides insight into the nature and properties of dark matter particles. It can facilitate their detection and identification because of a very strict conservation law. 展开更多
关键词 DARK MATTER ELEMENTARY Particles relativistic quantum mechanics SPACE-TIME QUANTIZATION
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量子力学中的时间和能量算符 被引量:1
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作者 李春芳 王奇 《上海大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS CSCD 1997年第S1期284-286,共3页
本文通过分析经典力学中的能量和Hamilton量在概念上的差别,在相对论协变Hamilton理论中提出了机械能量和共轭于时间负值的正则能量的概念.在此基础上,在相对论量子力学中引进了一个有别于Hamilton算符的正... 本文通过分析经典力学中的能量和Hamilton量在概念上的差别,在相对论协变Hamilton理论中提出了机械能量和共轭于时间负值的正则能量的概念.在此基础上,在相对论量子力学中引进了一个有别于Hamilton算符的正则能量算符E=ih/t,从而把时间从一个c数提升为一个共轭于正则能量算符负值的线性算符. 展开更多
关键词 时间 能量 对易关系 HAMILTON量 相对论协变Hamilton理论 相对论量子力学
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德布罗意关系的修正 被引量:1
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作者 朱振和 《中央民族大学学报(自然科学版)》 1997年第1期58-61,共4页
指出德布罗意关系的不合理性,提出修正德布罗意关系的一种方案,说明作此修正对量子力学理论的影响.
关键词 德布罗意波 德布罗意关系 相对论量子力学
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相对论量子力学的不自洽性 量子场论基本理论问题再探讨之一
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作者 李淮江 周祖珍 《云南师范大学学报(自然科学版)》 2000年第6期35-37,共3页
量子场论自上一世纪二十年代末发展起来 ,至今已有 70余年的发展历史 ,但仍有许多基本的理论问题有待进一步探讨、澄清。本文就相对论性单粒子理论的不自洽性进行探讨。虽然在许多文献和教科书里 ,均已指出这一理论的局限性 ,但几乎均... 量子场论自上一世纪二十年代末发展起来 ,至今已有 70余年的发展历史 ,但仍有许多基本的理论问题有待进一步探讨、澄清。本文就相对论性单粒子理论的不自洽性进行探讨。虽然在许多文献和教科书里 ,均已指出这一理论的局限性 ,但几乎均未明确回答如下问题 :在量子物理学的领域果真存在一门相对论性量子力学吗 ?本文试图明确回答这一问题。 展开更多
关键词 相对论量子力学 量子场论 光子 传播函数
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量子力学中的Delta函数
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作者 黄乘规 《常州工业技术学院学报》 1999年第2期1-5,共5页
本文采用非标准分析的方法,对J.D.比约肯和S.D.德雷尔合著的《相对论量子力学》中常用的有关δ函数的三个常用公式给以严格的处理。这三个公式依次是:1.在该书108—109页关于跃过几率的公式(7,7);2.是由在该书122页和142页上关于Compto... 本文采用非标准分析的方法,对J.D.比约肯和S.D.德雷尔合著的《相对论量子力学》中常用的有关δ函数的三个常用公式给以严格的处理。这三个公式依次是:1.在该书108—109页关于跃过几率的公式(7,7);2.是由在该书122页和142页上关于Compton散射截面计算的公式(7,40)和(7,69)合成的;3.在该书173页上的关于真空极化计算的公式(8,18)。 展开更多
关键词 相对论 量子力学 真空极化 Δ函数 跃迁几率
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自由电子颤动的双波函数描述
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作者 刘全慧 王鑫 《湖南大学学报(自然科学版)》 EI CAS CSCD 1995年第3期47-50,共4页
本文给出了自由电子颤动的双波函数描述,讨论了它所引起的动量与速度的分离及其经典对应等问题。
关键词 相对论 量子力学 颤动 双波函数 自由电子
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