Drought can affect the growth and soil enzyme activities of invasive alien plants(IAPs).It is imperative to evaluate the competitive advantage of IAPs compared with that of the native species and the activities of soi...Drought can affect the growth and soil enzyme activities of invasive alien plants(IAPs).It is imperative to evaluate the competitive advantage of IAPs compared with that of the native species and the activities of soil enzymes under drought.This study aimed to evaluate the competitive advantage of the IAP Amaranthus spinosus that originated from tropical America compared with the native Chinese species A.tricolor and the activities of soil enzymes under drought.A competitive co-culture of A.spinosus and A.tricolor was established using a planting basin experiment.The two species were treated with different levels of drought,i.e.(i)the control;(ii)a light level of drought and(iii)a heavy level of drought.The functional traits,osmotic adjustment and the activities of antioxidant enzymes of the two species,as well as soil pH and electrical conductivity,contents of soil microbial biomass carbon and the activities of soil enzymes were determined.The relative competition intensity and relative dominance of A.spinosus were greater than those of A.tricolor under drought.Drought may provide an advantage to the competitive advantage of A.spinosus.Soil water-soluble salt content and sucrose hydrolytic power of A.spinosus were greater than those of A.tricolor under drought.The ability of A.spinosus to grow in soil with higher levels of water-soluble salt contents and sucrose hydrolytic power under drought may aid in its acquisition and utilization of nutrients.展开更多
Prunus serotina and Robinia pseudoacacia are the most widespread invasive trees in Central Europe.In addition,according to climate models,decreased growth of many economically and ecologically important native trees w...Prunus serotina and Robinia pseudoacacia are the most widespread invasive trees in Central Europe.In addition,according to climate models,decreased growth of many economically and ecologically important native trees will likely be observed in the future.We aimed to assess the impact of these two neophytes,which differ in the biomass range and nitrogen-fixing abilities observed in Central European conditions,on the relative aboveground biomass increments of native oaks Qucrcus robur and Q.petraea and Scots pine Pinus sylvestris.We aimed to increase our understanding of the relationship between facilitation and competition between woody alien species and overstory native trees.We established 72 circular plots(0.05 ha)in two different forest habitat types and stands varying in age in western Poland.We chose plots with different abundances of the studied neophytes to determine how effects scaled along the quantitative invasion gradient.Furthermore,we collected growth cores of the studied native species,and we calculated aboveground biomass increments at the tree and stand levels.Then,we used generalized linear mixed-effects models to assess the impact of invasive species abundances on relative aboveground biomass increments of native tree species.We did not find a biologically or statistically significant impact of invasive R.pseudoacacia or P.serotina on the relative aboveground,biomass increments of native oaks and pines along the quantitative gradient of invader biomass or on the proportion of total stand biomass accounted for by invaders.The neophytes did not act as native tree growth stimulators but also did not compete with them for resources,which would escalate the negative impact of climate change on pines and oaks.The neophytes should not significantly modify the carbon sequestration capacity of the native species.Our work combines elements of the per capita effect of invasion with research on mixed forest management.展开更多
Aims the relative plant type sensitivity and selected community interac-tions under increased UV-B radiation where examined.Specifically,we investigated:(i)if there are differences among growth forms in regard to thei...Aims the relative plant type sensitivity and selected community interac-tions under increased UV-B radiation where examined.Specifically,we investigated:(i)if there are differences among growth forms in regard to their sensitivity to UV-B radiation,(ii)if increased UV-B radiation influences the plant competitive balance in plant com-munities and(iii)the response mechanisms of the UV-B radiation-sensitive species that might increase their fitness.Methods to answer our research questions,we used a mechanistic model that,for the first time,integrated the effects of increased UV-B radia-tion from molecular level processes,whole plant growth and devel-opment,and community interactions.Important Findings In the model simulations,species types exhibited different levels of sensitivity to increased UV-B radiation.Summer C3 and C4 annuals showed similar growth inhibition rates,while biennials and winter C3 annuals were the most sensitive.Perennials exhibited inhibitions in growth only if increased UV-B radiation results in increases in metabolic rates.In communities,species sensitive to UV-B radiation may have a competitive disadvantage compared to resistant plant species.But,sensitive species may have a wide array of responses that can increase their fitness and reproductive success in the com-munity,such as,increased secondary metabolites production,changes in timing of emergence and reproduction,and changes in seed size.While individual plants may exhibit significant inhibi-tions in growth and development,in communities,these inhibitions can be mitigated by small morphological and physiological adap-tations.Infrequent or occasional increased UV-B radiation events should not have any lasting effect on the structure of the commu-nity,unless other environmental factors are perturbing the dynamic equilibrium.展开更多
基金This study was funded by Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding,Northeast Forestry University,China(K2020205)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071521)+1 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Changzhou,China(CJ20200013)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment.
文摘Drought can affect the growth and soil enzyme activities of invasive alien plants(IAPs).It is imperative to evaluate the competitive advantage of IAPs compared with that of the native species and the activities of soil enzymes under drought.This study aimed to evaluate the competitive advantage of the IAP Amaranthus spinosus that originated from tropical America compared with the native Chinese species A.tricolor and the activities of soil enzymes under drought.A competitive co-culture of A.spinosus and A.tricolor was established using a planting basin experiment.The two species were treated with different levels of drought,i.e.(i)the control;(ii)a light level of drought and(iii)a heavy level of drought.The functional traits,osmotic adjustment and the activities of antioxidant enzymes of the two species,as well as soil pH and electrical conductivity,contents of soil microbial biomass carbon and the activities of soil enzymes were determined.The relative competition intensity and relative dominance of A.spinosus were greater than those of A.tricolor under drought.Drought may provide an advantage to the competitive advantage of A.spinosus.Soil water-soluble salt content and sucrose hydrolytic power of A.spinosus were greater than those of A.tricolor under drought.The ability of A.spinosus to grow in soil with higher levels of water-soluble salt contents and sucrose hydrolytic power under drought may aid in its acquisition and utilization of nutrients.
基金financed by the National Science Centre,Poland,under project No.2019/35/B/NZ8/01381 entitled"Impact of invasive tree species on ecosystem services:plant biodiversity,carbon and nitrogen cycling and climate regulation"by the Institute of Dendrology,Polish Academy of Sciences。
文摘Prunus serotina and Robinia pseudoacacia are the most widespread invasive trees in Central Europe.In addition,according to climate models,decreased growth of many economically and ecologically important native trees will likely be observed in the future.We aimed to assess the impact of these two neophytes,which differ in the biomass range and nitrogen-fixing abilities observed in Central European conditions,on the relative aboveground biomass increments of native oaks Qucrcus robur and Q.petraea and Scots pine Pinus sylvestris.We aimed to increase our understanding of the relationship between facilitation and competition between woody alien species and overstory native trees.We established 72 circular plots(0.05 ha)in two different forest habitat types and stands varying in age in western Poland.We chose plots with different abundances of the studied neophytes to determine how effects scaled along the quantitative invasion gradient.Furthermore,we collected growth cores of the studied native species,and we calculated aboveground biomass increments at the tree and stand levels.Then,we used generalized linear mixed-effects models to assess the impact of invasive species abundances on relative aboveground biomass increments of native tree species.We did not find a biologically or statistically significant impact of invasive R.pseudoacacia or P.serotina on the relative aboveground,biomass increments of native oaks and pines along the quantitative gradient of invader biomass or on the proportion of total stand biomass accounted for by invaders.The neophytes did not act as native tree growth stimulators but also did not compete with them for resources,which would escalate the negative impact of climate change on pines and oaks.The neophytes should not significantly modify the carbon sequestration capacity of the native species.Our work combines elements of the per capita effect of invasion with research on mixed forest management.
文摘Aims the relative plant type sensitivity and selected community interac-tions under increased UV-B radiation where examined.Specifically,we investigated:(i)if there are differences among growth forms in regard to their sensitivity to UV-B radiation,(ii)if increased UV-B radiation influences the plant competitive balance in plant com-munities and(iii)the response mechanisms of the UV-B radiation-sensitive species that might increase their fitness.Methods to answer our research questions,we used a mechanistic model that,for the first time,integrated the effects of increased UV-B radia-tion from molecular level processes,whole plant growth and devel-opment,and community interactions.Important Findings In the model simulations,species types exhibited different levels of sensitivity to increased UV-B radiation.Summer C3 and C4 annuals showed similar growth inhibition rates,while biennials and winter C3 annuals were the most sensitive.Perennials exhibited inhibitions in growth only if increased UV-B radiation results in increases in metabolic rates.In communities,species sensitive to UV-B radiation may have a competitive disadvantage compared to resistant plant species.But,sensitive species may have a wide array of responses that can increase their fitness and reproductive success in the com-munity,such as,increased secondary metabolites production,changes in timing of emergence and reproduction,and changes in seed size.While individual plants may exhibit significant inhibi-tions in growth and development,in communities,these inhibitions can be mitigated by small morphological and physiological adap-tations.Infrequent or occasional increased UV-B radiation events should not have any lasting effect on the structure of the commu-nity,unless other environmental factors are perturbing the dynamic equilibrium.
