A formal model representing the navigation behavior of a Web application as the Kripke structure is proposed and an approach that applies model checking to test case generation is presented. The Object Relation Diagra...A formal model representing the navigation behavior of a Web application as the Kripke structure is proposed and an approach that applies model checking to test case generation is presented. The Object Relation Diagram as the object model is employed to describe the object structure of a Web application design and can be translated into the behavior model. A key problem of model checking-based test generation for a Web application is how to construct a set of trap properties that intend to cause the violations of model checking against the behavior model and output of counterexamples used to construct the test sequences. We give an algorithm that derives trap properties from the object model with respect to node and edge coverage criteria.展开更多
In this research,the three-dimensional(3D)steady and incompressible laminar Homann stagnation point nanofluid flow over a porous moving surface is addressed.The disturbance in the porous medium has been characterized ...In this research,the three-dimensional(3D)steady and incompressible laminar Homann stagnation point nanofluid flow over a porous moving surface is addressed.The disturbance in the porous medium has been characterized by the Darcy-Forchheimer relation.The slip for viscous fluid is considered.The energy equation is organized in view of radiative heat flux which plays an important role in the heat transfer rate.The governing flow expressions are first altered into first-order ordinary ones and then solved numerically by the shooting method.Dual solutions are obtained for the velocity,skin friction coefficient,temperature,and Nusselt number subject to sundry flow parameters,magnetic parameter,Darcy-Forchheimer number,thermal radiation parameter,suction parameter,and dimensionless slip parameter.In this research,the main consideration is given to the engineering interest like skin friction coefficient(velocity gradient or surface drag force)and Nusselt number(temperature gradient or heat transfer rate)and discussed numerically through tables.In conclusion,it is noticed from the stability results that the upper branch solution(UBS)is more reliable and physically stable than the lower branch solution(LBS).展开更多
给出函数单向S-粗集(function one direction singular rough sets)、函数单向S-粗集对偶(dual of function one direction singular rough sets)、函数双向S-粗集(function two direction singular rough sets)与函数粗集(function rou...给出函数单向S-粗集(function one direction singular rough sets)、函数单向S-粗集对偶(dual of function one direction singular rough sets)、函数双向S-粗集(function two direction singular rough sets)与函数粗集(function roughsets)。它们都是把函数概念引入到S-粗集中,改进S-粗集得到的。函数粗集是把函数概念引入到Z.Pawlak粗集中,改进Z.Pawlak粗集得到的。函数单向S-粗集、函数单向S-粗集对偶、函数双向S-粗集是函数S-粗集的三类形式。给出函数S-粗集与S-粗集的关系;给出函数粗集与Z.Pawlak粗集的关系;给出函数S-粗集与函数粗集的关系。利用这些结果,给出函数的区间离散与有限元素集的生成、函数离散-元素集合生成原理;给出函数S-粗集生成的信息规律、函数等价类动态特性-属性补充与删除原理;给出数据拆分-合成原理、信息规律动态拆分-合成的属性特征;给出信息规律动态拆分-合成不变性原理;利用这些概念与结果,给出信息规律拆分-合成与信息图像嵌入-分离的应用,给出嵌入信息图像的分离-辨识。函数S-粗集、函数粗集是粗集理论与应用研究中的一个新的研究方向。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60673115)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2002CB312001)the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Soft-ware Engineering (SKLSE05-13)
文摘A formal model representing the navigation behavior of a Web application as the Kripke structure is proposed and an approach that applies model checking to test case generation is presented. The Object Relation Diagram as the object model is employed to describe the object structure of a Web application design and can be translated into the behavior model. A key problem of model checking-based test generation for a Web application is how to construct a set of trap properties that intend to cause the violations of model checking against the behavior model and output of counterexamples used to construct the test sequences. We give an algorithm that derives trap properties from the object model with respect to node and edge coverage criteria.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11971142,11871202,61673169,11701176,11626101,and 11601485)。
文摘In this research,the three-dimensional(3D)steady and incompressible laminar Homann stagnation point nanofluid flow over a porous moving surface is addressed.The disturbance in the porous medium has been characterized by the Darcy-Forchheimer relation.The slip for viscous fluid is considered.The energy equation is organized in view of radiative heat flux which plays an important role in the heat transfer rate.The governing flow expressions are first altered into first-order ordinary ones and then solved numerically by the shooting method.Dual solutions are obtained for the velocity,skin friction coefficient,temperature,and Nusselt number subject to sundry flow parameters,magnetic parameter,Darcy-Forchheimer number,thermal radiation parameter,suction parameter,and dimensionless slip parameter.In this research,the main consideration is given to the engineering interest like skin friction coefficient(velocity gradient or surface drag force)and Nusselt number(temperature gradient or heat transfer rate)and discussed numerically through tables.In conclusion,it is noticed from the stability results that the upper branch solution(UBS)is more reliable and physically stable than the lower branch solution(LBS).
文摘给出函数单向S-粗集(function one direction singular rough sets)、函数单向S-粗集对偶(dual of function one direction singular rough sets)、函数双向S-粗集(function two direction singular rough sets)与函数粗集(function roughsets)。它们都是把函数概念引入到S-粗集中,改进S-粗集得到的。函数粗集是把函数概念引入到Z.Pawlak粗集中,改进Z.Pawlak粗集得到的。函数单向S-粗集、函数单向S-粗集对偶、函数双向S-粗集是函数S-粗集的三类形式。给出函数S-粗集与S-粗集的关系;给出函数粗集与Z.Pawlak粗集的关系;给出函数S-粗集与函数粗集的关系。利用这些结果,给出函数的区间离散与有限元素集的生成、函数离散-元素集合生成原理;给出函数S-粗集生成的信息规律、函数等价类动态特性-属性补充与删除原理;给出数据拆分-合成原理、信息规律动态拆分-合成的属性特征;给出信息规律动态拆分-合成不变性原理;利用这些概念与结果,给出信息规律拆分-合成与信息图像嵌入-分离的应用,给出嵌入信息图像的分离-辨识。函数S-粗集、函数粗集是粗集理论与应用研究中的一个新的研究方向。
