Gas-solid fluidized beds have found extensive utilization in frontline manufacturing,in particular as low-velocity beds.The fluidization status,the bubbling or turbulent flow regime and the transition in between,deter...Gas-solid fluidized beds have found extensive utilization in frontline manufacturing,in particular as low-velocity beds.The fluidization status,the bubbling or turbulent flow regime and the transition in between,determine the system performance in practical applications.Though the convoluted hydrodynamics are quantitively evaluated through numerous data-processing methodologies,none of them alone can reflect all the critical information to identify the transition from the bubbling to the turbulent regime.Accordingly,this study was to exploit a coupling data processing methodology,in the combination of standard deviation,power spectrum density,probability density function,wavelet transform,and wavelet multiresolution method,to jointly explain the micro-flow structure at the regime transition from bubbling to turbulent fluidization.The transient differential pressure fluctuation was measured for the evaluation in a fluidized bed(0.267 m i.d.×2.5 m height)with FCC catalysts(d_(p)=65μm,ρ_(p)=1780kg/m^(3))at different superficial gas velocities(0.02–1.4 m/s).The results show that the onset of turbulent fluidization starts earlier in the top section of the bed than in the bottom section.The wavelet decomposition displays that the fluctuation of differential pressure mainly concentrates on the sub-signals with an intermediate frequency band.These sub-signals could be synthesized into three types of scales(micro-scale,meso-scale,and macro-scale),representing the multi-scale hydrodynamics in the fluidized bed.The micro-scale signal has the characteristic information of bubbling fluidization,and the characteristic information of turbulent fluidization is mainly represented by the meso-scale signal.This work provides a systematic comprehension of fluidization status assessment and serves as an impetus for more coupling analysis in this sector.展开更多
为了探索高温伴流射流(jet in hot coflow,JHC)无焰燃烧(moderate or intense low oxygen dilution,MILD)建立的条件,利用数值模拟的方法研究了JHC火焰在不同伴流温度与伴流氧气质量分数下的火焰特性。使用商业CFD软件ANSYS FLUENT 15.0...为了探索高温伴流射流(jet in hot coflow,JHC)无焰燃烧(moderate or intense low oxygen dilution,MILD)建立的条件,利用数值模拟的方法研究了JHC火焰在不同伴流温度与伴流氧气质量分数下的火焰特性。使用商业CFD软件ANSYS FLUENT 15.0,开展稳态RANS(Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes)模拟,湍流模型采用标准κ-ε双方程模型,化学反应采用DRM 22详细反应机理,湍流与化学反应的相互作用采用涡耗散概念(EDC)模型。模拟结果表明:提高伴流温度加强了火焰内部的传热过程;降低氧气浓度减小了化学反应释放的热量,显著降低了火焰亮度,使火焰锋面变得模糊,氧气浓度在转变燃烧状态时起到更加明显的作用;燃料主射流的初始速度决定了反应区域的湍流时间尺度,伴流温度通过影响湍流时间尺度影响宏观燃烧状态;降低伴流氧气浓度增加了化学反应时间尺度,使宏观燃烧更均匀温和,燃烧模式的转变过程更加规律可控。展开更多
When conditions are similar,more water evaporates from forest plantations than herbaceous vegetation,thereby affecting hydrological fluxes and ion transport in the soil.The vertical distribution of CaCO3 and Cl^-ions ...When conditions are similar,more water evaporates from forest plantations than herbaceous vegetation,thereby affecting hydrological fluxes and ion transport in the soil.The vertical distribution of CaCO3 and Cl^-ions shifts due to afforestation.The effect of groundwater depth and clay content were studied in the Great Hungarian Plain where forest area has been increasing for decades by analyzing soil and groundwater samples from stands of black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia,11 plots)and poplar(Populus spp.,11 plots).All study sites contained one herbaceous(control)and one or more forested plots.CaCO3 and Cl^-ions accumulated in the soil profile in greater quantities under tree cover than in the controls.The scale of this process largely depended on the species and on soil and ion properties.Under black locust,Cl^-accumulated between 1.3 and 6.3 m,with a maximum difference of 0.3 pCl unit(pCl is Cl^-activity,the negative of the logarithm to base 10 of the concentration of the chloride ion,determined using an ion-selective electrode,it is a dimensionless quantity.),while the difference in CaCO3 accumulation was at most 3.5%in some layers,compared to control plots.This result may be explained by the difference in the mobility of Ca+and Cl^-ions.Different mechanisms were noticeable under poplar plantations due to their higher water uptake:Cl-accumulation was detected below 0.9 m to the groundwater with a maximum difference of 0.5 pCl units,while CaCO3 accumulation was continuous at depths of 2.3–6.8 m with a maximum difference of 8.4%,compared to the controls.With increasing clay content,there was a discernible effect on CaCO3 and Cl-accumulation under black locust,but not observed under poplars.These differences were explained by the differences in water uptake mechanisms and root patterns of the two species and the different mobility of Ca2^+and Cl-ions.展开更多
基金support from the China Scholarship Council Foundation,and the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(grant No.2462015YQ0301)。
文摘Gas-solid fluidized beds have found extensive utilization in frontline manufacturing,in particular as low-velocity beds.The fluidization status,the bubbling or turbulent flow regime and the transition in between,determine the system performance in practical applications.Though the convoluted hydrodynamics are quantitively evaluated through numerous data-processing methodologies,none of them alone can reflect all the critical information to identify the transition from the bubbling to the turbulent regime.Accordingly,this study was to exploit a coupling data processing methodology,in the combination of standard deviation,power spectrum density,probability density function,wavelet transform,and wavelet multiresolution method,to jointly explain the micro-flow structure at the regime transition from bubbling to turbulent fluidization.The transient differential pressure fluctuation was measured for the evaluation in a fluidized bed(0.267 m i.d.×2.5 m height)with FCC catalysts(d_(p)=65μm,ρ_(p)=1780kg/m^(3))at different superficial gas velocities(0.02–1.4 m/s).The results show that the onset of turbulent fluidization starts earlier in the top section of the bed than in the bottom section.The wavelet decomposition displays that the fluctuation of differential pressure mainly concentrates on the sub-signals with an intermediate frequency band.These sub-signals could be synthesized into three types of scales(micro-scale,meso-scale,and macro-scale),representing the multi-scale hydrodynamics in the fluidized bed.The micro-scale signal has the characteristic information of bubbling fluidization,and the characteristic information of turbulent fluidization is mainly represented by the meso-scale signal.This work provides a systematic comprehension of fluidization status assessment and serves as an impetus for more coupling analysis in this sector.
文摘为了探索高温伴流射流(jet in hot coflow,JHC)无焰燃烧(moderate or intense low oxygen dilution,MILD)建立的条件,利用数值模拟的方法研究了JHC火焰在不同伴流温度与伴流氧气质量分数下的火焰特性。使用商业CFD软件ANSYS FLUENT 15.0,开展稳态RANS(Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes)模拟,湍流模型采用标准κ-ε双方程模型,化学反应采用DRM 22详细反应机理,湍流与化学反应的相互作用采用涡耗散概念(EDC)模型。模拟结果表明:提高伴流温度加强了火焰内部的传热过程;降低氧气浓度减小了化学反应释放的热量,显著降低了火焰亮度,使火焰锋面变得模糊,氧气浓度在转变燃烧状态时起到更加明显的作用;燃料主射流的初始速度决定了反应区域的湍流时间尺度,伴流温度通过影响湍流时间尺度影响宏观燃烧状态;降低伴流氧气浓度增加了化学反应时间尺度,使宏观燃烧更均匀温和,燃烧模式的转变过程更加规律可控。
基金founded by a grant from Hungarian Scientific Research Found(OTKA NN 79835) projectthe Postdoctoral Research Program of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences(PD-029/2015)
文摘When conditions are similar,more water evaporates from forest plantations than herbaceous vegetation,thereby affecting hydrological fluxes and ion transport in the soil.The vertical distribution of CaCO3 and Cl^-ions shifts due to afforestation.The effect of groundwater depth and clay content were studied in the Great Hungarian Plain where forest area has been increasing for decades by analyzing soil and groundwater samples from stands of black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia,11 plots)and poplar(Populus spp.,11 plots).All study sites contained one herbaceous(control)and one or more forested plots.CaCO3 and Cl^-ions accumulated in the soil profile in greater quantities under tree cover than in the controls.The scale of this process largely depended on the species and on soil and ion properties.Under black locust,Cl^-accumulated between 1.3 and 6.3 m,with a maximum difference of 0.3 pCl unit(pCl is Cl^-activity,the negative of the logarithm to base 10 of the concentration of the chloride ion,determined using an ion-selective electrode,it is a dimensionless quantity.),while the difference in CaCO3 accumulation was at most 3.5%in some layers,compared to control plots.This result may be explained by the difference in the mobility of Ca+and Cl^-ions.Different mechanisms were noticeable under poplar plantations due to their higher water uptake:Cl-accumulation was detected below 0.9 m to the groundwater with a maximum difference of 0.5 pCl units,while CaCO3 accumulation was continuous at depths of 2.3–6.8 m with a maximum difference of 8.4%,compared to the controls.With increasing clay content,there was a discernible effect on CaCO3 and Cl-accumulation under black locust,but not observed under poplars.These differences were explained by the differences in water uptake mechanisms and root patterns of the two species and the different mobility of Ca2^+and Cl-ions.
