Iatrogenic ureteral injuries and strictures are relatively common complication of pelvic surgery and radiation treatment.Left untreated they are associated with severe shortand long-term complications such as urinoma,...Iatrogenic ureteral injuries and strictures are relatively common complication of pelvic surgery and radiation treatment.Left untreated they are associated with severe shortand long-term complications such as urinoma,septic state,renal failure,and loss of a renal unit.Treatment depends on timing of diagnosis,as well as extent of injury,and ranges from simple endoscopic management to complex surgical reconstruction under usage of pedicled grafts.While recent advances in ureteral tissue engineering are promising the topic is still underreported.Historically a domain of open surgery,laparoscopic and robotic-assisted approaches have proven their feasibility in small case series,and are increasingly being utilized as means of reconstructive surgery.This review aims to give an outline of incidence and treatment of ureteral injuries and strictures in light of the latest advances.展开更多
Mining operation, especially underground coal mining, always has the remarkable risks of ground control. Passive seismic velocity tomography based on simultaneous iterative reconstructive technique （SIRT） inversion ...Mining operation, especially underground coal mining, always has the remarkable risks of ground control. Passive seismic velocity tomography based on simultaneous iterative reconstructive technique （SIRT） inversion is used to deduce the stress redistribution around the longwall mining panel. The mining-induced microseismic events were recorded by mounting an array of receivers on the surface, above the active panel. After processing and filtering the seismic data, the three-dimensional tomography images of the p-wave velocity variations by SIRT passive seismic velocity tomography were provided. To display the velocity changes on coal seam level and subsequently to infer the stress redistribution, these three-dimensional tomograms into the coal seam level were sliced. In addition, the boundary element method （BEM） was used to simulate the stress redistribution. The results show that the inferred stresses from the passive seismic tomograms are conformed to numerical models and theoretical concept of the stress redistribution around the longwall panel. In velocity tomograms, the main zones of the stress redistribution arotmd the panel, including front and side abutment pressures, and gob stress are obvious and also the movement of stress zones along the face advancement is evident. Moreover, the effect of the advance rate of the face on the stress redistribution is demonstrated in tomography images. The research result proves that the SIRT passive seismic velocity tomography has an ultimate potential for monitoring the changes of stress redistribution around the longwall mining panel continuously and subsequently to improve safety of mining operations.展开更多
The anatomical knowledge of arterial variations of lower limb is of utmost significance for the present day surgeons and interventional radiologists for minimizing complications during vascular reconstructive procedur...The anatomical knowledge of arterial variations of lower limb is of utmost significance for the present day surgeons and interventional radiologists for minimizing complications during vascular reconstructive procedures, catheterization procedures and surgical intervention for embolism. Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery(LCFA) isan important branch of Profunda Femoris artery and precise knowledge of its variations can be of great relevance during surgical and radiological procedures in femoral region. The present study reports a unique case of anomalous route taken by LCFA posterior to femoral nerve associated with a prominent muscular branch from Femoral artery mimicking the course of LCFA. Documentation of such variations is highly significant. It may serve as guideline for surgeons in reducing the incidence of postoperative complications where LCFA is used as a long vascular pedicle in anterolateral perforator thigh flap and in breast reconstruction after mastectomy. Ignorance of such variations can lead to fatal intraoperative haemorrhage and incapacitating sensory and motor deficit due to injury to femoral nerve branches which are closely related to these vessels.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To clarify whether it is necessary to reconstruct bone defects at the anterior skull base. METHODS: A long-term follow-up study of 50 patients with anterior skull-base defects in which the dura was reconstr...OBJECTIVE: To clarify whether it is necessary to reconstruct bone defects at the anterior skull base. METHODS: A long-term follow-up study of 50 patients with anterior skull-base defects in which the dura was reconstructed without bone grafts was conducted. CT and MRI examinations were taken periodically after surgery. RESULTS: The ordinates of the bone defects averaged 3.5 cm (range, 2 - 6 cm), and the abscissas averaged 2.8 cm (range, 2 - 5 cm). The abscissas of the bone defects measured 2 - 3 cm in 38 patients, 3 - 4 cm in 10 patients, and 4 - 5 cm in 2 patients. The follow-up ranged from 3 months to 5 years (average, 2 years). CONCLUSIONS: At normal intracranial pressure, if the dura mater is repaired properly at the skull-base defects and reinforced with a pedicled pericranial flap, encephalomeningocele and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage can be prevented. It may not be necessary to make free bone grafts when the size of the cranial base bone defect is smaller than 4 cm.展开更多
Objective：To report the results of repair of skin defects in the extremities with arterialized venous flap harvested from the lateral aspect of the dorsum of the foot.Methods：Six cases of skin and soft tissue defect...Objective：To report the results of repair of skin defects in the extremities with arterialized venous flap harvested from the lateral aspect of the dorsum of the foot.Methods：Six cases of skin and soft tissue defects over the foot and hands were resurfaced by free arterialized venous flaps,including five patients with skin defects of the hands,and one with defects at the dorsum of the foot.The flaps were harvested from the lateral aspect of the dorsum of the foot with the sizes ranging from 2 cm×5.5 cm to 6 cm×11 cm.Two veins at the proximal margin of the flap were retained,one of which was anastomosed to a recipient bed artery to provide arterial inflow and the other was anastomosed to a recipient bed vein for venous outflow.Results：All flaps demonstrated mild edema and survived completely.Blisters appeared on four flaps.Using this technique,we achieved good functional and cosmetic results in this series.Conclusions：Dorsalis pedis arterialized venous flap with rich vascular communications could enhance peripheral perfusion and decrease congestion of venous flaps,thereby improves reliability and utility for extremity reconstruction.展开更多
The field of tissue engineering is rapidly progressing. Much work has gone into developing a tissue engineered urethral graft. Current grafts, when long, can create initial donor site morbidity. In this article, we ev...The field of tissue engineering is rapidly progressing. Much work has gone into developing a tissue engineered urethral graft. Current grafts, when long, can create initial donor site morbidity. In this article, we evaluate the progress made in finding a tissue engineered substitute for the human urethra. Researchers have investigated cell-free and cell-seeded grafts. We discuss different approaches to developing these grafts and review their reported successes in human studies. With further work, tissue engineered grafts may facilitate the management of lengthy urethral strictures requiring oral mucosa substitution urethroplasty.展开更多
Objective： To provide a new method in the fixation of sacral fracture by means of three-dimensional reconstruction and reverse engineering technique. Methods： Pelvis image data were obtained from threedimensional C...Objective： To provide a new method in the fixation of sacral fracture by means of three-dimensional reconstruction and reverse engineering technique. Methods： Pelvis image data were obtained from threedimensional CT scan in patients with sacral fracture. The data were transferred into a computer workstation. The threedimensional models of pelvis were reconstructed using Amira 3.1 software and saved in STL format. Then the threedimensional fracture models were imported into Imageware 9.0 software. Different situations of reduction （total reduction, half reduction and non-reduction） were simulated using Imageware 9.0 software. The best direction and location of extract iliosacral lag screws were defined using reverse engineering according to these three situations and navigation templates were designed according to the anatomic features of the postero-iliac part and the channel. The exact navigational template was made by rapid prototyping. Drill guides were sterilized and used intraoperatively to assist in surgical navigation and the placement of iliosacral lag screws. Results： Accurate screw placement was confirmed with postoperative X-ray and CT scanning. The navigation template was found to be highly accurate. Conclusion： The navigation template may be a useful method in minimal-invasive fixation of sacroiliac joint fracture.展开更多
Background: Urethroplasty is the gold standard for treatment for urethral strictures. We describe our results of urethroplasty and analyse the risk factors associated with stricture recurrence and stricture-free survi...Background: Urethroplasty is the gold standard for treatment for urethral strictures. We describe our results of urethroplasty and analyse the risk factors associated with stricture recurrence and stricture-free survival. Methods: A retrospective review of urethroplasty surgery carried out from 2016-2022. Patient records were analysed to obtain demographics, clinical, pathological and outcome data. Success of surgery is defined as postoperative Qmax > 15 ml/s or absence of any instrumentation of urethra such as urethral dilatation, after removal of urethral indwelling catheter. Results: A total of 66 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected. Mean age was 43.8. Mean follow up was 27.2 ± 21.8 months. Stricture recurred in 18 patients (27.3%). Estimated stricture free survival time was 59.6 months (95% CI: 50.87 - 68.37). Previous surgical history for stricture was found to be predictive of stricture recurrence. After adjusting for age, BMI, aetiology of stricture and stricture length, previous surgical history had a risk of stricture recurrence approximately three times higher compared to those without. Conclusion: Previous surgical intervention for urethral stricture was found to be the most significant factor for stricture recurrence. We strongly advocate that the first curative surgery done for urethral strictures should be done in high volume centres and by experienced reconstructive urologists.展开更多
Fournier's gangrene(FG) is a rapid progressive bacterial infection that involves the subcutaneous fascia and part of the deep fascia but spares the muscle in the scrotal,perianal and perineal region. The incidence...Fournier's gangrene(FG) is a rapid progressive bacterial infection that involves the subcutaneous fascia and part of the deep fascia but spares the muscle in the scrotal,perianal and perineal region. The incidence has increased dramatically,while the reported incidence of rectal cancer-induced FG is unknown but is extremely low. Pathophysiology and clinical presentation of rectal cancer-induced FG per se does not differ from the other causes. Only rectal cancer-specific symptoms before presentation can lead to the diagnosis. The diagnosis of rectal cancer-induced FG should be excluded in every patient with blood on digital rectal examination,when urogenital and dermatological causes are excluded and when fever or sepsis of unknown origin is present with perianal symptomatology. Therapeutic options are more complex than for other forms of FG. First,the causative rectal tumor should be removed. The survival of patients with rectal cancer resection is reported as 100%,while with colostomy it is 80%. The preferred method of rectal resection has not been defined. Second,oncological treatment should be administered but the timing should be adjusted to the resolution of the FG and sometimes for the healing of plastic reconstructive procedures that are commonly needed for the reconstruction of large perineal,scrotal and lower abdominal wall defects.展开更多
Aim： To characterize the feasibility of the surgical replacement of the penile tunica albuginea （TA） and to evaluate the value of a porcine bladder acellular matrix （BAM） graft. Methods： Acellular matrices were ...Aim： To characterize the feasibility of the surgical replacement of the penile tunica albuginea （TA） and to evaluate the value of a porcine bladder acellular matrix （BAM） graft. Methods： Acellular matrices were constructed from pigs＇ bladders by cell lysis, and then examined by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Expression levels of the mRNA of the vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） receptor, fibroblast growth factor （FGF）-1 receptor, neuregulin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） in the acellular matrix and submucosa of the pigs＇ bladders were determined through the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. A 5 mm× 5 mm square was excised from the penile TA of nine rabbits. The defective TA was then covered in porcine BAM. Equal numbers of animals were sacrificed and histochemically examined at 2, 4 and 6 months after implantation. Results： SEM of the BAM showed collagen fibers with many pores. VEGF receptor, FGF-1 receptor and neuregulin mRNA were expressed in the porcine BAM; BDNF mRNA was not detected. Two months after implantation, the graft sites exhibited excellent healing without contracture, and the fusion between the graft and the neighboring normal TA appeared to be well established. There were no significant histological differences between the implanted tunica and the normal control tunica at 6 months after implantation. Conclusion： The porcine BAM graft resulted in a structure which was sufficiently like that of the normal TA. This implantation might be considered applicable to the reconstruction of the TA in conditions such as trauma or Peyronie＇s disease.展开更多
We report here the history and evolution of the use of oral mucosa in reconstructive urethral surgery since it was first used for urethroplasty in 1894.Since that time,many authors have contributed to develop,improve ...We report here the history and evolution of the use of oral mucosa in reconstructive urethral surgery since it was first used for urethroplasty in 1894.Since that time,many authors have contributed to develop,improve and popularize the use of oral mucosa as a substitute material.Paediatric urologists should be considered pioneers on the use of oral mucosa as they used it to repair primary and failed hypospadias.The use of oral mucosa to repair penile and bulbar urethral strictures was described,for the first time,in 1993.Important evolutions in the technique for harvesting oral mucosa from the cheek were reported in 1996.Today,oral mucosa is considered the gold standard material for any type of anterior urethroplasty in a one-or two-stage repair due to its biological and structural characteristics that make it a highly versatile that is adaptable to any environment required by the reconstructive urethral surgery.As the future approaches,tissue engineering techniques will provide patients with new materials originating from the oral epithelial mucosal cells,which are cultured and expanded into a scaffold.However,the path to reach this ambitious objective is still long and many difficulties must be overcome along the way.展开更多
BACKGROUND Porocarcinoma is a rare type of skin cancer that originates from sweat gland tumors.It is an aggressive malignant skin cancer that is difficult to diagnose clinically owing to its rarity and similarity to s...BACKGROUND Porocarcinoma is a rare type of skin cancer that originates from sweat gland tumors.It is an aggressive malignant skin cancer that is difficult to diagnose clinically owing to its rarity and similarity to squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).CASE SUMMARY This case involved a 92-year-old woman,a farmer by profession,presented with an exophytic and verrucous mass on her left palm that had formed 2 years prior and caused chronic pain and frequent bleeding.Initially,the patient was diagnosed with SCC using a punch biopsy;however,a repeat biopsy with addi-tional immunohistochemical tests was performed for porocarcinoma.Ultimately,the patient was diagnosed with porocarcinoma and reconstruction was planned using a full-thickness skin graft.After treatment,the range of motion of the palm was preserved,and the aesthetic outcome was favorable.At 6 mo of follow-up,the patient was satisfied with the outcome.CONCLUSION Porocarcinoma is commonly misdiagnosed as SCC;therefore,clinicians should consider porocarcinomas when evaluating mass-like lesions on the hands.展开更多
Spectroscopy is the basic tool for studying molecular physics and realizing biochemical sensing.However,it is challenging to realize sub-femtometer resolution spectroscopy over broad bandwidth.Broadband and high-resol...Spectroscopy is the basic tool for studying molecular physics and realizing biochemical sensing.However,it is challenging to realize sub-femtometer resolution spectroscopy over broad bandwidth.Broadband and high-resolution spectroscopy with calibrated optical frequency is demonstrated by bridging the fields of speckle pattern and electro-optic frequency comb.A wavemeter based on a whispering-gallery-mode barcode is proposed to link the frequencies of a probe continuous-wave laser and an ultrastable laser.The ultrafine electro-optic comb lines are generated from the probe laser to record spectrum of sample with sub-femtometer resolution.Measurement bandwidth is a thousandfold broader than comb bandwidth,by sequentially tuning the probe laser while its wavelength is determined.This approach fully exploits the advantages of two fields to realize 0.8-fm resolution with a fiber laser and 80-nm bandwidth with an external cavity diode laser.The spectroscopic measurements of an ultrahigh Q-factor cavity and gas molecular absorption are experimentally demonstrated.The compact system,predominantly constituted by few-gigahertz electronics and telecommunication components,shows enormous potential for practical spectroscopic applications.展开更多
文摘Iatrogenic ureteral injuries and strictures are relatively common complication of pelvic surgery and radiation treatment.Left untreated they are associated with severe shortand long-term complications such as urinoma,septic state,renal failure,and loss of a renal unit.Treatment depends on timing of diagnosis,as well as extent of injury,and ranges from simple endoscopic management to complex surgical reconstruction under usage of pedicled grafts.While recent advances in ureteral tissue engineering are promising the topic is still underreported.Historically a domain of open surgery,laparoscopic and robotic-assisted approaches have proven their feasibility in small case series,and are increasingly being utilized as means of reconstructive surgery.This review aims to give an outline of incidence and treatment of ureteral injuries and strictures in light of the latest advances.
文摘Mining operation, especially underground coal mining, always has the remarkable risks of ground control. Passive seismic velocity tomography based on simultaneous iterative reconstructive technique （SIRT） inversion is used to deduce the stress redistribution around the longwall mining panel. The mining-induced microseismic events were recorded by mounting an array of receivers on the surface, above the active panel. After processing and filtering the seismic data, the three-dimensional tomography images of the p-wave velocity variations by SIRT passive seismic velocity tomography were provided. To display the velocity changes on coal seam level and subsequently to infer the stress redistribution, these three-dimensional tomograms into the coal seam level were sliced. In addition, the boundary element method （BEM） was used to simulate the stress redistribution. The results show that the inferred stresses from the passive seismic tomograms are conformed to numerical models and theoretical concept of the stress redistribution around the longwall panel. In velocity tomograms, the main zones of the stress redistribution arotmd the panel, including front and side abutment pressures, and gob stress are obvious and also the movement of stress zones along the face advancement is evident. Moreover, the effect of the advance rate of the face on the stress redistribution is demonstrated in tomography images. The research result proves that the SIRT passive seismic velocity tomography has an ultimate potential for monitoring the changes of stress redistribution around the longwall mining panel continuously and subsequently to improve safety of mining operations.
文摘The anatomical knowledge of arterial variations of lower limb is of utmost significance for the present day surgeons and interventional radiologists for minimizing complications during vascular reconstructive procedures, catheterization procedures and surgical intervention for embolism. Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery(LCFA) isan important branch of Profunda Femoris artery and precise knowledge of its variations can be of great relevance during surgical and radiological procedures in femoral region. The present study reports a unique case of anomalous route taken by LCFA posterior to femoral nerve associated with a prominent muscular branch from Femoral artery mimicking the course of LCFA. Documentation of such variations is highly significant. It may serve as guideline for surgeons in reducing the incidence of postoperative complications where LCFA is used as a long vascular pedicle in anterolateral perforator thigh flap and in breast reconstruction after mastectomy. Ignorance of such variations can lead to fatal intraoperative haemorrhage and incapacitating sensory and motor deficit due to injury to femoral nerve branches which are closely related to these vessels.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To clarify whether it is necessary to reconstruct bone defects at the anterior skull base. METHODS: A long-term follow-up study of 50 patients with anterior skull-base defects in which the dura was reconstructed without bone grafts was conducted. CT and MRI examinations were taken periodically after surgery. RESULTS: The ordinates of the bone defects averaged 3.5 cm (range, 2 - 6 cm), and the abscissas averaged 2.8 cm (range, 2 - 5 cm). The abscissas of the bone defects measured 2 - 3 cm in 38 patients, 3 - 4 cm in 10 patients, and 4 - 5 cm in 2 patients. The follow-up ranged from 3 months to 5 years (average, 2 years). CONCLUSIONS: At normal intracranial pressure, if the dura mater is repaired properly at the skull-base defects and reinforced with a pedicled pericranial flap, encephalomeningocele and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage can be prevented. It may not be necessary to make free bone grafts when the size of the cranial base bone defect is smaller than 4 cm.
文摘Objective：To report the results of repair of skin defects in the extremities with arterialized venous flap harvested from the lateral aspect of the dorsum of the foot.Methods：Six cases of skin and soft tissue defects over the foot and hands were resurfaced by free arterialized venous flaps,including five patients with skin defects of the hands,and one with defects at the dorsum of the foot.The flaps were harvested from the lateral aspect of the dorsum of the foot with the sizes ranging from 2 cm×5.5 cm to 6 cm×11 cm.Two veins at the proximal margin of the flap were retained,one of which was anastomosed to a recipient bed artery to provide arterial inflow and the other was anastomosed to a recipient bed vein for venous outflow.Results：All flaps demonstrated mild edema and survived completely.Blisters appeared on four flaps.Using this technique,we achieved good functional and cosmetic results in this series.Conclusions：Dorsalis pedis arterialized venous flap with rich vascular communications could enhance peripheral perfusion and decrease congestion of venous flaps,thereby improves reliability and utility for extremity reconstruction.
文摘The field of tissue engineering is rapidly progressing. Much work has gone into developing a tissue engineered urethral graft. Current grafts, when long, can create initial donor site morbidity. In this article, we evaluate the progress made in finding a tissue engineered substitute for the human urethra. Researchers have investigated cell-free and cell-seeded grafts. We discuss different approaches to developing these grafts and review their reported successes in human studies. With further work, tissue engineered grafts may facilitate the management of lengthy urethral strictures requiring oral mucosa substitution urethroplasty.
文摘Objective： To provide a new method in the fixation of sacral fracture by means of three-dimensional reconstruction and reverse engineering technique. Methods： Pelvis image data were obtained from threedimensional CT scan in patients with sacral fracture. The data were transferred into a computer workstation. The threedimensional models of pelvis were reconstructed using Amira 3.1 software and saved in STL format. Then the threedimensional fracture models were imported into Imageware 9.0 software. Different situations of reduction （total reduction, half reduction and non-reduction） were simulated using Imageware 9.0 software. The best direction and location of extract iliosacral lag screws were defined using reverse engineering according to these three situations and navigation templates were designed according to the anatomic features of the postero-iliac part and the channel. The exact navigational template was made by rapid prototyping. Drill guides were sterilized and used intraoperatively to assist in surgical navigation and the placement of iliosacral lag screws. Results： Accurate screw placement was confirmed with postoperative X-ray and CT scanning. The navigation template was found to be highly accurate. Conclusion： The navigation template may be a useful method in minimal-invasive fixation of sacroiliac joint fracture.
文摘Background: Urethroplasty is the gold standard for treatment for urethral strictures. We describe our results of urethroplasty and analyse the risk factors associated with stricture recurrence and stricture-free survival. Methods: A retrospective review of urethroplasty surgery carried out from 2016-2022. Patient records were analysed to obtain demographics, clinical, pathological and outcome data. Success of surgery is defined as postoperative Qmax > 15 ml/s or absence of any instrumentation of urethra such as urethral dilatation, after removal of urethral indwelling catheter. Results: A total of 66 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected. Mean age was 43.8. Mean follow up was 27.2 ± 21.8 months. Stricture recurred in 18 patients (27.3%). Estimated stricture free survival time was 59.6 months (95% CI: 50.87 - 68.37). Previous surgical history for stricture was found to be predictive of stricture recurrence. After adjusting for age, BMI, aetiology of stricture and stricture length, previous surgical history had a risk of stricture recurrence approximately three times higher compared to those without. Conclusion: Previous surgical intervention for urethral stricture was found to be the most significant factor for stricture recurrence. We strongly advocate that the first curative surgery done for urethral strictures should be done in high volume centres and by experienced reconstructive urologists.
文摘Fournier's gangrene(FG) is a rapid progressive bacterial infection that involves the subcutaneous fascia and part of the deep fascia but spares the muscle in the scrotal,perianal and perineal region. The incidence has increased dramatically,while the reported incidence of rectal cancer-induced FG is unknown but is extremely low. Pathophysiology and clinical presentation of rectal cancer-induced FG per se does not differ from the other causes. Only rectal cancer-specific symptoms before presentation can lead to the diagnosis. The diagnosis of rectal cancer-induced FG should be excluded in every patient with blood on digital rectal examination,when urogenital and dermatological causes are excluded and when fever or sepsis of unknown origin is present with perianal symptomatology. Therapeutic options are more complex than for other forms of FG. First,the causative rectal tumor should be removed. The survival of patients with rectal cancer resection is reported as 100%,while with colostomy it is 80%. The preferred method of rectal resection has not been defined. Second,oncological treatment should be administered but the timing should be adjusted to the resolution of the FG and sometimes for the healing of plastic reconstructive procedures that are commonly needed for the reconstruction of large perineal,scrotal and lower abdominal wall defects.
文摘Aim： To characterize the feasibility of the surgical replacement of the penile tunica albuginea （TA） and to evaluate the value of a porcine bladder acellular matrix （BAM） graft. Methods： Acellular matrices were constructed from pigs＇ bladders by cell lysis, and then examined by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Expression levels of the mRNA of the vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） receptor, fibroblast growth factor （FGF）-1 receptor, neuregulin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） in the acellular matrix and submucosa of the pigs＇ bladders were determined through the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. A 5 mm× 5 mm square was excised from the penile TA of nine rabbits. The defective TA was then covered in porcine BAM. Equal numbers of animals were sacrificed and histochemically examined at 2, 4 and 6 months after implantation. Results： SEM of the BAM showed collagen fibers with many pores. VEGF receptor, FGF-1 receptor and neuregulin mRNA were expressed in the porcine BAM; BDNF mRNA was not detected. Two months after implantation, the graft sites exhibited excellent healing without contracture, and the fusion between the graft and the neighboring normal TA appeared to be well established. There were no significant histological differences between the implanted tunica and the normal control tunica at 6 months after implantation. Conclusion： The porcine BAM graft resulted in a structure which was sufficiently like that of the normal TA. This implantation might be considered applicable to the reconstruction of the TA in conditions such as trauma or Peyronie＇s disease.
文摘We report here the history and evolution of the use of oral mucosa in reconstructive urethral surgery since it was first used for urethroplasty in 1894.Since that time,many authors have contributed to develop,improve and popularize the use of oral mucosa as a substitute material.Paediatric urologists should be considered pioneers on the use of oral mucosa as they used it to repair primary and failed hypospadias.The use of oral mucosa to repair penile and bulbar urethral strictures was described,for the first time,in 1993.Important evolutions in the technique for harvesting oral mucosa from the cheek were reported in 1996.Today,oral mucosa is considered the gold standard material for any type of anterior urethroplasty in a one-or two-stage repair due to its biological and structural characteristics that make it a highly versatile that is adaptable to any environment required by the reconstructive urethral surgery.As the future approaches,tissue engineering techniques will provide patients with new materials originating from the oral epithelial mucosal cells,which are cultured and expanded into a scaffold.However,the path to reach this ambitious objective is still long and many difficulties must be overcome along the way.
文摘BACKGROUND Porocarcinoma is a rare type of skin cancer that originates from sweat gland tumors.It is an aggressive malignant skin cancer that is difficult to diagnose clinically owing to its rarity and similarity to squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).CASE SUMMARY This case involved a 92-year-old woman,a farmer by profession,presented with an exophytic and verrucous mass on her left palm that had formed 2 years prior and caused chronic pain and frequent bleeding.Initially,the patient was diagnosed with SCC using a punch biopsy;however,a repeat biopsy with addi-tional immunohistochemical tests was performed for porocarcinoma.Ultimately,the patient was diagnosed with porocarcinoma and reconstruction was planned using a full-thickness skin graft.After treatment,the range of motion of the palm was preserved,and the aesthetic outcome was favorable.At 6 mo of follow-up,the patient was satisfied with the outcome.CONCLUSION Porocarcinoma is commonly misdiagnosed as SCC;therefore,clinicians should consider porocarcinomas when evaluating mass-like lesions on the hands.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant No. 62275151)
文摘Spectroscopy is the basic tool for studying molecular physics and realizing biochemical sensing.However,it is challenging to realize sub-femtometer resolution spectroscopy over broad bandwidth.Broadband and high-resolution spectroscopy with calibrated optical frequency is demonstrated by bridging the fields of speckle pattern and electro-optic frequency comb.A wavemeter based on a whispering-gallery-mode barcode is proposed to link the frequencies of a probe continuous-wave laser and an ultrastable laser.The ultrafine electro-optic comb lines are generated from the probe laser to record spectrum of sample with sub-femtometer resolution.Measurement bandwidth is a thousandfold broader than comb bandwidth,by sequentially tuning the probe laser while its wavelength is determined.This approach fully exploits the advantages of two fields to realize 0.8-fm resolution with a fiber laser and 80-nm bandwidth with an external cavity diode laser.The spectroscopic measurements of an ultrahigh Q-factor cavity and gas molecular absorption are experimentally demonstrated.The compact system,predominantly constituted by few-gigahertz electronics and telecommunication components,shows enormous potential for practical spectroscopic applications.
